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1.
The individual and combined effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Meloidogyne arenaria, and phosphorus (P) fertilization, (0, 25, 75, and 125 μg/g soil) on peanut plant growth and pod yield were determined in
greenhouse studies. Best growth and yield usually occurred at 75 or 125 μg P regardless of inoculation treatment. Peanut growth
and yield were generally stimulated by AMF development, and growth alone was suppressed by M. arenaria at 0 and 25 μg P. In challenge inoculations, VAM increased peanut plant tolerance to the nematode and offset the growth reductions
caused by M. arenaria at the two lower P levels. However, VAM and added P increased galling and M. arenaria egg production/g root, thereby increasing peanut susceptibility to nematode attack. M. arenaria had only a minimal effect on root colonization by AMF and sporulation by the fungi.
Accepted: 9 June 1995 相似文献
2.
Rong-lian Xing Chang-hai Wang Xue-bin Cao Ya-qing Chang 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(1):47-53
The settlement, early growth and survival of the larval abalone Haliotis discus hannai in response to eight monospecific benthic diatoms were examined in the laboratory. Postlarvae showed active settling and
feeding behaviour in all diatom species and in naturally occurring diatoms. Larval settlement rates differed significantly
between experimental substrata after 24 h and 48 h. Nitzschia sp. (96.67 %), Hantzschia amphioxys var. leptocephala (95.00 %) and Navicula seminulum (90.00 %) strongly induced larval settlement of H. discus hannai. Postlarvae could feed on benthic diatoms (< 36 μm in shell length) with both weak and strong adhesion on the 4th day after
settlement. Greatest growth (shell length) occurred on Nitzschia sp. (786.84 μm ± 2.50 SE and 773.09 μm ± 2.09 SE). Survival of postlarvae was also greatest on Nitzschia sp. (95.33 % ± 1.45 SE). These results indicate the effectiveness of Nitzschia sp., H. amphioxys var. leptocephala, N. seminulum, Rhaphoneis surirella and Navicula corymbosa as single species over natural diatoms in larval settlement and postlarvae growth of H. discus hannai. Thus, Nitzschia sp. has the best potential diet for larval settlement and postlarvae growth of H. discus hannai. H. amphioxys var. leptocephala and N. seminulum can be used as cues to induce larvae settlement, and R. surirella and N. corymbosa can be used as food for growing postlarval. 相似文献
3.
Age and growth of ocellated icefish, Chionodraco rastrospinosus DeWitt and Hureau, 1979, from the South Shetland Islands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Age and growth of ocellated icefish, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, were investigated using counts of annual growth increments from sagittal otoliths. Samples were collected during research
surveys by benthic trawl carried out around Elephant and South Shetland Islands in January–February 2002 and December 2006–January
2007. A total of 290 specimens were selected for the study, consisting of 120 females and 170 males. The age of fish was estimated
by counting annuli on transverse sections obtained by grinding and polishing whole otoliths embedded in epoxy resin. The precision-of-age
estimates within and between readers were tested applying both the average percent error (APE) and the coefficient of variation
(CV). The estimated age-range was 1–12 for both sexes of C. rastrospinosus. Applying the von Bertalanffy growth function to the age–length data, a growth curve was obtained for each sex. The estimated
values of VB growth parameters L
∞
and k were, respectively, 47.9 cm and 0.28 for females and 42.9 cm and 0.36 for males. Compared to other congeneric species, the
growth performance of C. rastrospinosus was relatively high, being 2.82 and 2.81 in males and females, respectively. Age at sexual maturity was estimated to be about
4 years in both sexes. C. rastrospinosus captured in the studied area consisted mainly of adult specimens between 3 and 8 years, with few older fish. 相似文献
4.
Dominik Freikowski Josef Winter Claudia Gallert 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(6):1363-1371
Anaerobic growth of a newly isolated Pseudomonas putida strain WB from an arsenic-contaminated soil in West Bengal, India on glucose, l-lactate, and acetate required the presence of arsenate, which was reduced to arsenite. During aerobic growth in the presence
of arsenite arsenate was formed. Anaerobic growth of P. putida WB on glucose was made possible presumably by the non-energy-conserving arsenate reductase ArsC with energy derived only
from substrate level phosphorylation. Two moles of acetate were generated intermediarily and the reducing equivalents of glycolysis
and pyruvate decarboxylation served for arsenate reduction or were released as H2. Anaerobic growth on acetate and lactate was apparently made possible by arsenate reductase ArrA coupled to respiratory electron chain energy conservation. In the presence of arsenate, both substrates were totally oxidized
to CO2 and H2 with part of the H2 serving for respiratory arsenate reduction to deliver energy for growth. The growth yield for anaerobic glucose degradation
to acetate was Y
Glucose = 20 g/mol, leading to an energy coefficient of Y
ATP = 10 g/mol adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), if the Emden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway with generation of 2 mol ATP/mol glucose
was used. During growth on lactate and acetate no substrate chain phosphorylation was possible. The energy gain by reduction
of arsenate was Y
Arsenate = 6.9 g/mol, which would be little less than one ATP/mol of arsenate. 相似文献
5.
Esfahani A Kendall CW Bashyam B Archer MC Jenkins DJ 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2010,46(10):856-862
The majority of cell culture studies have assessed the effect of hormones on cancer cell growth using media supplemented with
charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (CTS). We aimed to determine whether using a system more reflective of the human condition
by changing the charcoal-treated serum to an untreated pooled human serum (PHS) resulted in the same hormone responses in
breast and prostate cell lines. MCF-7 breast cancer, MCF-10A non-transformed breast, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines
supplemented with PHS were treated with high and low physiological concentrations of six hormones (17β-estradiol, dehydroepiandosterone
(DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, insulin, and glucagon). Cell growth was measured after 72 h of incubation.
All hormones stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells (p < 0.05). MCF-10A cell growth was inhibited by DHEA, DHT, and testosterone (p < 0.05), unaffected by 17β-estradiol and glucagon, and stimulated by insulin (p < 0.05). LNCaP cell growth was stimulated by the highest concentration of DHEA and DHT (p < 0.05) and inhibited by the highest concentration of 17β-estradiol (p < 0.05), while insulin and testosterone, had no effect. Overall, PHS lowered the magnitude of the effect of hormones on cell
growth in comparison to CTS. Due to the presence of all serum constituents, our model represents a more appropriate physiological
environment for determining the effect of hormones on cancer cell growth. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms
by which added hormones interact with the constituents of untreated human serum. 相似文献
6.
Matthew T. Craig 《Ichthyological Research》2007,54(1):81-84
A preliminary analysis of 175 specimens of the white-streaked grouper, Epinephelus ongus (Serranidae), was undertaken to determine life history characteristics of the species. Sagittal otoliths, stomachs, and a
subsample of gonads were removed to determine age at length, diet, and reproductive strategy. The von Bertalanffy growth equation
was used to describe growth in this species and yielded the growth parameters L∞ = 438.3, K = 0.04334, and t0 = −8.752. Fish ranged in age from 1 to 20 years. Diet was consistent with other serranid species and included crabs, shrimps,
octopi, and fishes. Based on a very limited number of specimens (n = 12), the larger size and older age of males compared to females suggests that E. ongus may be a protogynous hermaphrodite. 相似文献
7.
Nicolas Bacaër 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》2009,71(7):1781-1792
This article considers three different aspects of periodic matrix population models. First, a formula for the sensitivity
analysis of the growth rate λ is obtained that is simpler than the one obtained by Caswell and Trevisan. Secondly, the formula for the basic reproduction
number ℛ0 in a constant environment is generalized to the case of a periodic environment. Some inequalities between λ and ℛ0 proved by Cushing and Zhou are also generalized to the periodic case. Finally, we add some remarks on Demetrius’ notion of
evolutionary entropy H and its relationship to the growth rate λ in the periodic case. 相似文献
8.
Effects of temperature, and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance of Anabaena and Microcystis in Lake Biwa, Japan: an experimental approach 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Under optimal nutrient conditions, both Microcystis sp. and Anabaena sp. isolated from Lake Biwa grew optimally at 28–32°C but differed in maximal growth rates, phosphate uptake kinetics, maximal
phosphorus quotas, and growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. The maximal growth rates of Microcystis and Anabaena were 1.6 and 1.25 divisions day−1, respectively. With phosphate and nitrate in the growth-limiting range, the growth of Microcystis was optimal at an N : P ratio of 100 : 1 (by weight) and declined at lower (nitrogen limitation) and higher (phosphorus limitation)
ratios. In contrast, Anabaena growth rates did not change at N : P ratios from 1000 : 1 to 10 : 1. Starting with cells containing the maximal phosphorus
quota, Microcystis growth in minus-phosphorus medium ceased in 7–9 days, compared with 12–13 days for Anabaena. The phosphate turnover time in cultures starved to their minimum cell quotas was 7.9 min for Microcystis and 0.6 min for Anabaena. Microcystis had a higher K
s (0.12 μg P l−1 10−6 cells) and lower V
max (9.63 μg P l−1 h−1 10−6 cells), than Anabaena (K
s 0.02 μg P l−1 h−1 10−6 cells; V
max 46.25 63 μg P l−1 h−1 10−6 cells), suggesting that Microcystis would not be able to grow well in phosphorus-limited waters. We conclude that in spite of the higher growth rate under ideal
conditions, Microcystis does not usually bloom in the North Basin because of low availability of phosphorus and nitrogen. Although Anabaena has an efficient phosphorus-uptake system, its main strategy for growth in low-phosphorus environments may depend on storage
of phosphorus during periods of abundant phosphorus supply, which are rare in the North Basin.
Received: July 31, 2000 / Accepted: October 18, 2000 相似文献
9.
Age and growth of the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in Hawaiian waters through vertebral analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Age and growth estimates were determined for the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, from Oahu, Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. Age estimates were obtained through vertebral centra analysis of 187 sharks. We verified our age estimates through marginal increment analysis of centra and oxytetracycline marking methods of at liberty sandbar sharks. Sizes of sampled sharks ranged from 46 to 147 cm pre-caudal length. Four growth models were fitted to length-at-age data; two forms of the von Bertalanffy growth model, the Gompertz growth model, and a logistic growth model. Males and females exhibited statistically significant differences in growth, indicating that females grow slower and attain larger sizes than males. Growth parameter estimates revealed slower growth rates than previously estimated (based on captive specimens) for Hawaiian sandbar sharks. The von Bertalanffy growth model using empirical length-at-birth provided the best biological and statistical fit to the data. This model gave parameter estimates of L
∞
= 138.5 cm PCL and k = 0.12 year−1 for males and L
∞
= 152.8 cm PCL, k = 0.10 year−1 for females. Male and female sandbar sharks mature at approximately 8 and 10 years of age, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Kanesa May Duncan 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2006,76(2-4):139-149
Juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, are apex predators within their nursery ground in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Ō‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Understanding daily maintenance requirements of a top-level predator is an important step toward understanding its ecological impact within a nursery ecosystem. Juvenile S. lewini were fed a range of daily ration levels to examine the effect of feeding rate on growth and gross conversion efficiency. The von Bertalanffy growth model yielded the best fit to the data, predicting a maintenance ration of 115 kJ kg−1 day−1 (3.4% body weight (BW) day−1) and a maximum growth rate of 38 kJ kg−1 day−1. This finding is in agreement with the previous prediction of high energetic requirements for S. lewini. In combination with the hypothesized food limitation within Kāne‘ohe Bay, this result may explain the observed high mortality rates of S. lewini. Gross conversion efficiency, K
1, ranged from −36% to 34%, with maximum efficiency at feeding levels of 5.1% BW day−1. The growth conversion efficiency of S.␣lewini is similar to that of lemon sharks and teleost fishes. Growth rates of juvenile S. lewini are possibly restricted by their high metabolic rate, limited food availability and foraging inexperience. By directly examining the effect of ration size on growth and food conversion, it was possible to resolve discrepancies between earlier studies, which used respiratory metabolism and gut content analyses. 相似文献
11.
Tamotsu Hoshino Fumihiro Terami Oleg B. Tkachenko Motoaki Tojo Naoyuki Matsumoto 《Mycoscience》2010,51(2):98-103
The snow mold fungus, Sclerotinia borealis, shows optimal growth at 4°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and can grow even at subzero temperature. Its mycelial growth
was improved on frozen PDA at −1°C and on PDA containing potassium chloride (KCl) (water potential, −4.27 to −0.85 MPa) or
d(−) sorbitol (−3.48 to −0.92 MPa). Its optimal growth temperature shifted from 4 to 10°C on PDA amended with KCl or sorbitol,
indicating that inherent optimal growth occurs at high temperatures. These results suggest that S. borealis uses concentrated nutrients in the frozen environment and that such physiologic characteristics are critical for the fungus
to prevail at subzero temperatures. 相似文献
12.
生物个体生长过程是其同化作用和异化作用过程中物质和能量吸收、转运、储存、排出平衡的综合结果,体现了生物对其生存环境的适应。对采集于双台河口潮滩湿地的翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)进行株高和根、茎、叶碳、氮含量测定的结果显示,以AIC_C和adj-R~2为准则选择的翅碱蓬株高生长模拟方程为Logistic方程。采用多模型推断确定的双台河口翅碱蓬平均理论渐近株高H_∞为(38.11±2.59)cm。翅碱蓬根、茎、叶碳含量分别为(37.92±4.40)%、(39.98±3.12)%、(28.27±3.41)%;氮含量分别为(0.68±0.35)%、(0.94±0.31)%、(1.26±0.19)%。仅根碳、氮含量与株高间呈显著负相关生长关系。翅碱蓬根碳、氮相对含量分别为97.8±2.1、90.2±9.2,与株高(8.1—36.6 cm)相比,翅碱蓬根碳、氮积累可能受到了环境条件限制。 相似文献
13.
Cui Yong-Yi Hahn Eun-Joo Kozai Toyoki Paek Kee-Yoeup 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):219-226
Rehmannia glutinosa plantlets were cultured for 4 weeks under different culture conditions to determine the optimum environment for in vitro growth and ex vitro survival. Plantlet growth increased with an increasing number of air exchanges of the culture vessel, exhibiting greatest
shoot weight, total fresh weight, leaf area, and chlorophyll content at 4.4 h−1 of air exchanges. High sucrose concentration (30 g l−1) increased root weight but reduced shoot growth. Net photosynthetic rates of the plantlets were greatest when sucrose was
not added to the medium. On the other hand, ex vitro survival of the plantlets was not influenced by sucrose concentration. In the experiment on difference in photoperiod and
dark period temperatures (DIF) and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), plantlet growth increased as DIF and PPF levels increased.
Particularly, increasing PPF level had a more distinctive effect on plantlet growth than increasing DIF level. The interaction
of DIF × PPF was also significant, showing the greatest plantlet growth in positive DIF (+8 DIF) and a high PPF (210 μmol
m−2 s−1). In conclusion, the results of this experiment suggest that increased number of air exchanges of the culture vessel, decreased
sucrose concentration, and positive DIF in combination with high PPF level enhanced growth and acclimatization of Rehmannia glutinosa plantlets.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Juliana Bello Baron Maurer Adaucto Bellarmino Pereira-Netto Filomena Angela Pettolino Yolanda Maria Gaspar Antony Bacic 《Trees - Structure and Function》2010,24(2):391-398
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins implicated in several
aspects of plant growth and development. (β-d-glucosyl)3 Yariv phenylglycoside (β-GlcY), commonly known as Yariv reagent, selectively binds AGPs. We treated cell suspension cultures
of Araucaria
angustifolia, the Brazilian pine, with β-GlcY and observed inhibition of biomass increase in a culture medium with 50 μM β-GlcY. However,
the growth was not inhibited by (α-d-galactosyl)3 Yariv phenylglycoside (α-GalY) which does not bind AGPs. Fluorescein diacetate staining of cells indicated that β-GlcY severely
affected cell viability. However, cell swelling, bursting and release of cellular contents, all characteristics of necrotic
cell death, were not observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. Instead, programmed cell death (PCD) structural changes such as cytoplasmic
shrinkage and condensation were observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. In addition, callose accumulation, which is another marker
of PCD, was also observed in β-GlcY-treated cells. The use of both, Ac-VEID-CHO, an inhibitor of caspase-like proteolytic
activity related to PCD, and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a protease inhibitor known to suppress PCD, in the culture
medium did not reverse the growth inhibition caused by β-GlcY. These data indicate that the β-GlcY-induced inhibition of Araucaria cell’s growth is related to AGP perturbation, and also that this growth inhibition is due to increased cell death not driven
by necrosis. 相似文献
15.
The growth rate, reproductive aspects, and natural mortality of chimaeras and ratfish are poorly known. In this study, life-history
parameters for cockfish Callorhinchus callorhynchus (Holocephali—Callorhinchidae) are estimated, which is an important fish resource exploited in Chile. Specimens were sampled
from the artisanal fishery captures, from November 2006 to November 2007. The standard length (SL) of males fluctuated between
20 and 62 cm, and between 21 and 70 cm for females. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated through length-frequency
data analysis using MULTIFAN. The length-weight relationship and von Bertalanffy growth parameters were significantly different
for males and females, as well as the length at 50% maturity. For males a model with 5 age-classes was the best, with asymptotic
length L
∞ = 52 cm SL, growth coefficient K = 0.473 yr−1, and age at length zero t
0 = −0.690 yrs. For females the best model was represented by 10 age-classes (L
∞ = 70.3 cm SL, K = 0.193 yr−1, t
0 = −1.158 yrs) in the length-frequency data sets. Length at 50% maturity of males was estimated in 43.7 cm SL, and in 50.2 cm
SL for females. The natural mortality rate fluctuated between 0.42 and 0.82 yr−1 for males and between 0.12 and 0.37 yr−1 for females, depending upon the method used. It is concluded that C. callorhynchus is a species with life-history parameters significantly different between males and females, and such differences should
be taken into account in future population dynamics analysis. 相似文献
16.
Ronald Parsley 《Paleontological Journal》2009,43(11):1406-1414
Gogiid eocrinoids from the Lower Cambrian (Balang Formation — Guizhoueocrinus) and basal Middle Cambrian (Kaili Formation — Sinoeocrinus, Globoeocrinus) in Guizhou Province, China are found in great numbers and are extremely well preserved as high fidelity molds in shale/mud
sized siliciclastics. Because of their numbers, complete ontogenetic growth sequences have been observed. Significant differences
in growth patterns (heterochrony) are present between Lower and Middle Cambrian genera: thecal plates tend to be paedomorphic
in development, while the sutural pores developed between them are peramorphic in their development. Because of the large
surface area of theca and brachioles relative to the size of the attachment area, considerable drag in ambient currents would
necessitate a strong attachment medium. Anchoring by “biogluing”, possibly by collagen, directly to the substrate or to biodetritus
is proposed as the method of attachment. 相似文献
17.
Sophie Y. Dillen Véronique Storme Nicolas Marron Catherine Bastien Sabrina Neyrinck Marijke Steenackers Reinhart Ceulemans Wout Boerjan 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):147-164
Interspecific hybrids of Populus species are known for their superior growth. In this study, we examined the effect of the genetic background and contrasting
environmental conditions on growth and searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting growth traits. To this end, two
hybrid poplar families resulting from controlled crosses, Populus deltoides ‘S9-2’ × P. nigra ‘Ghoy’ (D × N, 180 F1) and P. deltoides ‘S9-2’ × P. trichocarpa ‘V24’ (D × T, 182 F1), were grown at two contrasting sites, Northern Italy and Central France. At the end of the second growing season, tree dimensions
(stem height, circumference, and volume) were assessed. The performances of both families significantly differed within and
between sites. Tree volume was significantly larger at the Italian site as compared to the French site. Genotype by environment
interactions were significant but low for both families and for all growth traits. Tight correlations among the individual
growth traits indicated that there may be a common genetic mechanism with pleiotropic effects on these growth traits. In line
with previous studies, linkage groups I, VII, IX, X, XVI, XVII, and XIX appeared to have genomic regions with the largest
effects on growth traits. This study revealed that (1) both families have high potential for selection of superior poplar
hybrids due to the pronounced heterosis (hybrid vigor) and the large genetic variability in terms of growth and (2) the choice
of site is crucial for poplar cultivation.
Dillen and Storme contributed equally to the work.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
18.
A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 19,
and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (DM)) and molybdenum (Mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, DM) supplements and an interaction of these two factors
on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Thirty-six Liaoning
cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments
and fed with Chinese wildrye- and alfalfa hay-based treatment diets (the basal diet contained 4.72 mg Cu/kg, 1.65 mg Mo/kg,
and 0.21% S.). Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 70-day experimental period.
On day 30, the metabolism trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on nutrient digestibility. The cashmere
and skin samples were collected on day 70. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance and fiber digestion, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between Cu-supplemented groups. Addition of 19 mg Cu/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) cashmere growth length or growth rate by increasing the number of active secondary follicles. Molybdenum supplementation
decreased (P < 0.05) growth, but did not affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestion, cashmere, and follicle characteristics. There is a tendency or significant interaction effect
of Cu and Mo on growth performance (P = 0.057), cashmere growth (P = 0.076), or diameter (P < 0.05) which might be accomplished by changing the number of secondary follicle and active secondary follicle, and secondary
to primary follicle ratio. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental Cu level for Liaoning cashmere goats fed with the basal
diet was 19 mg/kg DM (the total dietary Cu level of 23.72 mg/kg DM), while 38 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation was found to be
needed when 5 mg Mo/kg was added in the basal diet during the cashmere growing period. 相似文献
19.
Eric L. Charnov 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2010,88(3):293-294
Gallucci and Quinn suggested that the product L¥ ·k {L_\infty } \cdot k is a sensible index to compare two growth curves (L
∞, k the usual Bertalanffy parameters). This paper gives four (interrelated) reasons why this index captures some essential features
of body-size growth. It also notes that the product k ·L¥3 k \cdot L_\infty^3 directly compares fish growth at the maximum growth rate. 相似文献
20.
J. B. Sutherland J. P. Freeman A. J. Williams 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,49(4):445-449
Streptomyces viridosporus T7A (ATCC␣39115), during growth in tryptone/yeast extract broth, cometabolized five heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds.
The metabolites produced from the azaarenes were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, UV/visible absorption
spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Isoquinoline was transformed to 1(2H)-isoquinolinone (14%), phenanthridine to 6(5H)-phenanthridinone (25%), phthalazine to 1(2H)-phthalazinone (46%), quinazoline to 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione (4%), and quinoxaline to 2(1H)-quinoxalinone (8%) and 1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (12%).
Received: 29 July 1997 / Received revision: 19 November 1997 / Accepted: 29 November 1997 相似文献