从三尖杉中分得柯伊利素

据文献[4,6]报道,自三尖杉(Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f.)中分得多种黄酮类化合物,其中多为双黄酮化合物,而Plouvier等和马广恩等则自其中分得黄酮洋芹素(apigenin)。我们从三尖杉的树干、树枝、树皮的混合粉末中分得柯伊利素(chrysoeiol)。该化合物为已知的,最早为Tutin等从Eridictyon glutinsun中分离得到。但从三尖杉中分离柯伊利素,尚未见文献报道。     

不同产地三尖杉中三尖杉酯碱和高三尖杉酯碱的含量测定

本文对三尖杉科(属)中的三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook f.植物中所含抗白血病的三尖杉酯碱harringtonine与高三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine作了不同产地和不同部位的含量测定。     

多穗柯棕色素的提取及其应用

前言多穗柯Lithocarpus polystachyus(wall.)Rehd.属壳斗科,常绿乔木,俗称甜茶。叶互生,叶片革质,卵状披针形至近椭圆形,长12～20厘米,宽5～8厘米,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部楔形全缘,上面深绿色,下面粉绿色,被灰白色鳞粃比,叶中含有丰富的棕色素。该植物分布于我国长江以南各省(区)海拔400米以上的低山密林中,呈野生状态,资源丰富,主要集中于江西、广西及湖南等省,安徽、福建、广东、海南、云南、贵州、四川等省也有生长。印度、泰国也有分布。该植物萌发力强,每年舂、秋可摘嫩叶两次,即使成年树被砍伐后,又可在根部萌发新的植株,此特性为开发利用提供了有利条件。据文献报     

三尖杉培养细胞中抗癌活性成分的研究

从三尖杉（ＣｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．）茎和叶片作外植体在ＭＳ附加ＫＴ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ、ＮＡＡ ３ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ培养基上诱导出的愈伤组织,建立了三尖杉悬浮培养细胞系,研究了光、ｐＨ 值、激素、碳源和添加物等因子对悬浮细胞生长的影响。结果表明： ｐＨ ５．８ 及低浓度的糖和ＮＡＡ适于细胞生长,糖含量超过４０ ｇ／Ｌ则不利于细胞生长,ＮＡＡ 大于３ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ抑制细胞生长。蔗糖或葡萄糖作碳源,二者无明显区别。添加水解蛋白或氨基酸不适合细胞生长。白光对细胞生长有明显的抑制作用。建立了灵敏、快速高效液相色谱测定方法,测得离体培养细胞含有三尖杉碱及抗癌酯类生物碱：三尖杉酯碱、异三尖杉酯碱和高三尖杉酯碱。细胞悬浮培养中合成生物碱的能力明显高于固体培养,前者有效生物碱的含量和细胞增长速率均比后者高１ 倍以上。悬浮培养细胞中各生物碱组分比率为：２２％ 三尖杉碱,６％ 氧桥三尖杉碱,８％ 三尖杉酯碱,２３％ 高三尖杉酯碱,４１％ 异三尖杉酯碱。用气相色谱－质谱联用技术,除测得上述生物碱外,还检测到细胞培养物中含有去氧三尖杉酯碱、麦角甾醇、豆甾醇和谷甾醇等化合物     

从米糠中提取降血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

采用盐析法提取米糠蛋白,分别选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶等单独或联合水解米糠蛋白,以从酶解米糠蛋白中分离获得具有血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制活性的短肽组分。经Sephadex G-15凝胶层析和SP—Sephadex C-25离子交换层析分离各酶解组分,并检测各组分的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,米糠蛋白的酶解分离产物中含有较强ACE抑制活性的组分,其中经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶共同水解时得到的小分子量寡肽组分的抑制活性最强,为后续对其进行结构分析奠定了基础。     

毛壳素显著抑制柯萨奇病毒 B3的体外复制

柯萨奇病毒B3（CVB3）是一种常见的人类病原体,与多种疾病有关。本研究旨在探讨球毛壳菌代谢产物毛壳素对CVB3在体外培养细胞系中复制的影响。结果显示,毛壳素显著抑制CVB3在体外培养细胞系中的复制。250 nmol/L毛壳素可使 CVB3感染的 HeLa细胞相对存活率从未加毛壳素时的（21．9±1．8）％提高至（70．1±4．3）％。同时,毛壳素处理的HeLa细胞中病毒产量仅为对照组的（5．3±0．8）％,而病毒RNA水平也仅为对照组的（13．0±8．3）％。毛壳素也可使CVB3感染的Vero细胞相对存活率从（64．6±1．7）％提高至（87．2±4．8）％。毛壳素的这种抑制作用可被抗氧化剂 N-乙酰半胱氨酸部分抑制。研究毛壳素抑制病毒复制的具体作用机制将有助于新型抗病毒药物的研制。     

从虎皮鹦鹉粪便中分离产细菌素菌株及其细菌素特性分析

从虎皮鹦鹉(Melopsittacus undulatus)的粪便中分离得到一株产广谱细菌素的菌株,其细菌素产物对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌均有较强抑制作用。经形态学、生理生化反应和16S rDNA分子方法鉴定,该菌株初步鉴定为干酪乳杆菌。用硫酸铵分级沉淀得到的细菌素粗提物,作温度、pH值、蛋白酶的敏感性测定,结果显示该细菌素经100℃处理10 min抑菌活性不变,当pH4.0时,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达到99.06%和86.14%,并且对多种蛋白酶表现出敏感性。与Nisin标准品的抑菌效价对比,得到粗提物的效价为204.87 IU/mL。     

从贯叶连翘中提取金丝桃素的工艺探讨

对从贯叶连翘中提取金丝桃素的工艺条件进行了优化研究 ,结果表明 ,金丝桃素提取较佳工艺为 :45℃的水浸泡 2 h后 ,加入 0 .5 % Na OH,用 75 %甲醇在 0 .0 5 Mpa下 78℃提取5次 ,每次 1 .5 h,溶媒量为 5倍 ,浓缩温度与干燥温度为 78℃     

Diterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Twigs of Cephalotaxus fortunei var. alpina

Three new diterpenoids (a cephalotane, an abietane and a 9(10→20)‐abeo‐abietane) and one new flavonoid, together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Cephalotaxus fortunei var. alpina. The new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic (including 1D and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS) analysis. Anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities of three new compounds were evaluated. 3β,20‐epoxyabieta‐8,11,13‐triene‐3α,12‐diol showed weak cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines NCI?H1975, HepG2, MCF‐7, while fortalpinoid R and 3‐acetonyl‐3,5,7,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐2‐methoxyflavanone were not active at 80 μM. None of these compounds showed anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities.     

Anticarcinogenic Alkaloids in the Cultured Cells of Cephalotaxus fortunei

Calli were induced from the leaves and stems of Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. on MS medium supplemented with 0. 1 mg/L KT and 3 mg/L NAA, and from which the suspension culture cell line of this plant was established for the first time. Factors such as light, pH value of the medium, concentration of plant hormone, carbon resources and addition of substances to the medium, which affect the growth of suspension cells were investigated. The results showed that suspension cells grew appropriately at pH 5.8 with a low concentration of sucrose or glucose, and a low level of NAA. No difference effect on cell growth was seen between sucrose and glucose. Phenylalanine and protein hydrolysate were not suitable for cell growth in suspension cultures, and light inhibited cell growth. A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for detecting the alkaloids in cultured cells. The results revealed the following contents of cephalotaxine and its anticancer esters in cultured cells: harringtonine, isoharringtonine and homoharringtonine. The total alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures was doubled as that in solid cultures. The relative amounts of cephalotaxine, drupacine, harringtonine, homoharringtonine and isoharringtonine in suspension cells was 22%, 6%, 8%, 23% and 41% respectively. In addition, other alkaloid as deoxyharringtonine and some steroids, including ergdst-5-en-3-ol. stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-ol, β-sitosterin and 2-naphthalenamine have also been detected in cell cultures using GC/MS combined technique.     

三尖杉的离体胚培养

1植物名称三尖杉(Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f.)。2材料类别离体胚。3培养条件芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA2.0mg·L-1(单位下同) IAA1.0 NAA0.1;芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA2.0 IAA1.0 NAA1.0;生根培养基:1/2MS IBA1.0 NAA0.5 KT0.2。以上各培养基     

白花泡桐内生真菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性筛选

从白花泡桐根、茎、叶中分离出19株内生真菌,对分离出的真菌分别利用琼脂块法和纸片扩散法进行初选和复选,通过形态学特征观察和rRNA基因ITS序列系统发育分析对抗菌活性菌株进行鉴定。抑菌试验结果显示JSD-8、JM-1和JM-10等3株内生真菌对枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)CGMCC1.769、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)CGMCC1.1103和白色念珠菌(Candida albi-cans)ATCC10123均有一定的抗菌活性。鉴定结果表明,JSD-8、JM-1、JM-10分别属于串珠赤霉菌(Gibberella moniliformis)、长柄链格孢菌(Alternaria longipes)和托姆青霉菌(Penicilium thomii)。     

三尖杉属属名和三尖杉名称的引证错误与订正

三尖杉属(Cephalotaxus Sieb.& Zucc.)属名和三尖杉(Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.)种名名称在文献引证时存在混乱和错误.三尖杉属属名被引证为“Cephalotaxus Sieb.& Zucc.——Gen.Pl.Suppl.2:27.1842.”和“Cephalotaxus Sieb.& Zucc.ex Endl.——Gen.Pl.Suppl.2:27.1842.”两种形式.而三尖杉的名称被引证为4种形式:①Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.;②Cephalotaxus fortunii Hook.;③Cephalotaxus fortuni Hook.和④Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.f..为保持分类群名称的唯一性和稳定性,经原始文献考证,以及按照国际植物命名法规(Vienna Code,2006)的有关规定,确认三尖杉属属名和三尖杉种名名称的正确引证形式应分别是:“Cephalotaxus Sieb.& Zucc.——Fl.Jap.Ⅱ.66.1870.”和“Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook.——Curtis,s Bot.Mag.76:t.4499.1850.‘fortuni’”.     

海南粗榧内生真菌的分离与初步鉴定

从海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus hainanensis L.)健康的树皮、枝、叶中分离得到72株内生真菌.依据其菌落形态和显微特征,将其中68株归为半知茵类,即产孢的33株鉴定为5个属,未产孢的35株中除1株鉴定为丝核菌属外,其余34株暂归为无孢菌群.还有4株属于担子茵纲.结果表明,海南粗榧内生真菌对宿主具有一定的组织专一性,树皮的真菌在数量、种群及其组成方面与枝、叶的相比存在较大差异.     

三尖杉的组织培养－紫杉醇来源的新途径

从三尖杉当年生幼茎和未成熟假种皮诱导出了愈伤组织,对愈伤组织进行了培养研究,ＨＰＬＣ分析表明其紫杉醇和１０－ｄＡＢⅢ分别为细胞干重的０．００２０９％和０．０１２２％。三尖杉可望成为紫杉醇来源的新途径。     

Studies on the Alkaloids of Cephalotaxus Isolation of 7-deoxycephalofortuneine,a New Homoerythrina Alkaloid from Cephalotaxus fortuneine Hook. f

Six homoerythrina alkaloids were isolated and identified from the weak base fraction of alkaloids from Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. grown in Anhui Province, China. Five of them were known compounds and identified as cephalofortuneine (2), comosimine (Phelline alkaloid 6) (3), 3-epifortuneine (4), wilsonine (6) and epiwilsonine (7), respectively. One of them is a new alkaloid and proved to be 7-deoxycephalofortuneine (1) on the base of spectral analysis. Its MS shows a molecular ion at m/z 345, 16 mass units less than that of cephalofortuneine (2). Comparison of its 1H-NMR spectrum with that of 2 indicats that 1 lacks 7-hydroxyl group, but it still has 2-hydroxyl group.J3,4ax and J3,4eq are ll.2 Hz and 3.0 Hz, so that 3-Hpresumably is axial. The J1,2 and J2,3 are found to be 4 Hz. These indicat that the 2-H should be equatorial, since J2,3= 4 Hz is small for the trans-axial coupling.     

三尖杉外植体来源与培养基成分对愈伤组织生长的影响

为了建立和优化获得有效生物碱成分的三尖杉愈伤组织的培养技术和方法,以大连地区移栽自庐山植物园的三尖杉(Cephalotaxus)植株为原料,就外植体种类、基本培养基种类、激素种类和浓度等因素对愈伤组织诱导、生长的影响进行了系统的研究和归纳。实验发现,幼茎外植体因其出愈率早、诱导率高而最佳;培养基MS NAA3.0mg/L KT0.1mg/L为最佳诱导愈伤培养基,其诱导率达91%,继代培养基中一定浓度的NAA(1.0～3.0mg/L)有利于愈伤组织的产生,但是高浓度的NAA(8.0mg/L)则对愈伤组织的生长有抑制作用,其在MS基础培养基上较在B5和1/2MS培养基上褐化轻,生物量增长快,冬季诱导的愈伤组织,其诱导率普遍高于夏季所诱导的愈伤组织。结果表明,以11月份三尖杉幼茎为外植体,以MS NAA3.0mg/L KT0.1mg/L为诱导培养基和继代培养基,继代6～8代,每代培养30～35d,收获愈伤组织或细胞培养物,该程序是获得大量三尖杉愈伤组织的较佳培养程序。