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1.
1. In the fetal rat hypophysis, the "opio-melano-corticotropic" cells were immunocytologically revealed earlier in the pars distalis (day 16) than in the pars intermedia (day 17). At an early stage of embryonic development, some factors, possibly of nervous origin, could exert inductive influence on the differentiation and/or the increase in the number of immunoreactive cells. 2. Several forms of ACTH, characterized by their apparent molecular weight, bioactivity and immunoreactivity, can be observed when acid extracts are subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G 50 fine columns. The ratios between these ACTH forms change during fetal development; the rise in bioactive ACTH content during the last days of gestation, is correlated with an increase of the "intermediate" and "little" molecular forms of ACTH and a parallel decrease of the "big" form. 3. The hypophyseal corticotropic activity is highest on days 18-19 of gestation. Between days 17 and 19, the cortico-stimulating activity is largely independent of the hypothalamus although the fetal hypothalamus shows light hypophyso-stimulating influence. In contrast, between days 19 and 21, the hypophyseal corticotropic activity is mostly under the hypothalamic control; the ACTH release is greatly reduced in its absence. 4. Circulating corticosteroids exert a negative feedback directly at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels. Such negative feedback could explain the decrease of the corticotropic activity of the pituitary during the last three days of gestation and the first postnatal days. 5. The fetus at the end of gestation, as the newborn, is responsive to stress; however, the extent of the pituitary response is weaker than in the adult. 相似文献
2.
Y. Kondo Dr. I. Nagatsu M. Yoshida N. Karasawa T. Nagatsu 《Cell and tissue research》1983,228(2):405-408
The localization of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT)], of serotonin (5-HT), and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the pituitary of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), rat, hamster, and dog was examined by the immunofluorescence method. Many TH- and DBH-positive but PNMT-negative noradrenalin cells and 5-HT-positive serotonin cells were first observed in the pars distalis of the frog pituitary together with small numbers of ACTH-positive cells, in marked contrast to our previous findings that TH-positive but DBH-negative dopamine cells are rare in the anterior lobe of rat and dog pituitary. The entire population of cells of the pars intermedia showed a weak ACTH-like immunoreaction. Although most of these cells were TH- or 5-HT-negative, TH-positive but DBH-negative dopaminergic varicose fibers surrounded these cells. Among cells of the pars intermedia of the frog, 5-HT-positive cells with processes were also scattered. In the neural lobe, TH- and 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers were rarely seen. 相似文献
3.
Since recent circumstantial evidence has suggested possible functions of alpha-MSH in intrauterine growth and labour, the presence of this hormone in the human pituitary was determined by means of the indirect immunofluorescence procedure during development and adulthood. Cross reaction of the antibodies with other peptides was measured after which they were purified by solid phase absorption. Experiments on the rat pituitary showed that staining of alpha-MSH- and ACTH-containing cells could be obtained well until 48 h after death. In the pars distalis the ability of ACTH-containing cells to take up stain increased during the period of post-mortem storage. In the youngest human fetus studied (15 weeks) only alpha-MSH-containing cells were found in the pars intermedia and no ACTH-containing cells were observed. In the other fetal pituitaries a distinct pars intermedia containing more alpha-MSH cells than ACTH cells was found. In the pars distalis of the fetuses more ACTH- than alpha-MSH-containing cells were observed. From birth to 19 years, progressively fewer alpha-MSH containing cells could be detected in the 'zona intermedia' and pars distalis, while in adults only a few such cells were found in either area. Irrespective of age, sex, cause of death or therapy, alpha-MSH-containing cells were found in all pituitaries throughout life. The number of ACTH containing cells gradually increased in the zona intermedia and pars distalis and reached a high adult level in the latter structure. In the pituitaries of seven anencephalics, no alpha-MSH-containing cells were present. The presence of alpha-MSH in the fetal pars intermedia, the change in the ratio of the alpha-MSH/ACTH cells during the course of development, and the absence of alpha-MSH in anencephaly all support the possibility that human fetal pituitary alpha-MSH is involved in both intrauterine growth and fetal adrenal function and thus also in parturition. 相似文献
4.
Using the immunoperoxidase technique and specific antisera to synthetic ACTH beta (1-24), ACTH beta (17-39) and bMSHbeta1, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a distinctive cell type in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of the dog pituitary gland. Except for a rare cell, the pars distalis and pars tuberalis did not stain with an anti-bMSH alpha serum. In the pars intermedia immunoreactive cells containing ACTH beta(1-24), ACTHbetap(17-39), bMSHbeta and/or bMSH alpha were observed. The specificity and validity of the antisera were demonstrated by elimination of their immunostaining capacity after prior absorption with their respective antigens, while absorption with other antigens failed to decrease staining intensity. The cytoplasm of the ACTH/MSH cells showed a positive reaction to periodic-acid-Schiff and assumed a pale aniline blue colour, whilst the granules were stained with carmoisine L and acid alizarine blue. These ACTH/MSH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. It is concluded that ACTH and MSH beta were present and most probably produced by the corticomelanotrophs of the pars distalis and pars tuberalis. In addition to corticomelanotrophs analogous to those of the pars distalis and pars tuberalis, the pars intermedia showed many cells which contain MSH alpha alone or together with MSH beta and/or ACTH. 相似文献
5.
H M Mulvogue I C McMillen P M Robinson R A Perry 《Journal of developmental physiology》1986,8(5):355-368
An immunocytochemical staining technique was used to localize four fragments [pro gamma MSH, gamma MSH, ACTH and beta endorphin/beta lipotrophin (beta endorphin/beta LPH)] of the proopiomelanocortin molecule in both the adult and fetal sheep pituitary. In the adult sheep anterior pituitary each fragment was localized in cells that were darkly stained, stellate and widely distributed throughout the gland. The same cells, identified in three serial sections, stained with anti-pro gamma MSH, anti-ACTH and anti-beta endorphin/beta LPH. In the fetal sheep anterior pituitary all the proopiomelanocortin derived fragments were present at 38 days gestation. Between about 90 and 130 days of gestation both adult type proopiomelanocortin cells (small, stellate) and uniquely fetal cells (large, columnar) were present. Both adult-type and fetal proopiomelanocortin cells were identified in serial sections of the fetal anterior pituitary, stained with anti-pro gamma MSH, anti-ACTH and anti-beta endorphin/beta LPH. The adult intermediate lobe was immunoreactive with anti-pro gamma MSH and anti-beta endorphin/beta LPH but not with anti-gamma MSH or anti-ACTH. The fetal intermediate lobe was immunoreactive with all four antisera from 60 days gestation. 相似文献
6.
Hypophyseal ACTH and MSH cells were immunohistochemically characterised in the teleost fish, Diplodus sargus, using anti-ACTH (1-24) and anti alpha-MSH polyclonal antisera. ACTH cells were found both in the pars distalis and in the pars intermedia. In the former region, they appeared small, round-shaped and clustered; in the latter, they were either small or large and elongated. Moreover, a few ACTH-immunoreactive cells resembling microglia were present in the neurohypophysis. Conversely, MSH cells were found only in the pars intermedia, and were similar to the larger ACTH cells of the same region. In the pars intermedia, co-localisation of ACTH and MSH immunoreactivity in the same cell was revealed by double immunostaining, though the two hormones were also observed in distinct cell types. The distribution of ACTH cells appeared quite uniform, without any marked difference between the specimens tested. Conversely, MSH cell amount varied according to the stage of the sexual cycle of this teleost fish, which is characterised by protandrous hermaphroditism. In fact, a lower amount of MSH cells were observed in females, whereas no significant difference was found between immature and male specimens. 相似文献
7.
Dr. G. T. Campbell J. Wagoner K. T. Borer R. P. Kelch K. Corley 《Cell and tissue research》1986,245(3):673-679
Summary The development of corticotropes and lactotropes was investigated in the golden Syrian hamster using an anti-porcine ACTH antiserum and a homologous antihamster PRL antiserum. Oval corticotropes were first visible in the ventral region of the pars distalis at 13 days of gestation. By the end of gestation, corticotropes were found throughout the pars distalis and in the pars intermedia. Corticotropes in the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters were either round or irregularly-shaped, often appearing in clusters. Throughout development, corticotropes often appeared to be surrounding other cells. Scarce, very small lactotropes were first observed in the pars distalis of hamsters on the first postnatal day. The number of these cells, which were either round or polyhedral, increased dramatically between 4 and 20 days of postnatal life. These observations indicate that the sequence of appearance of corticotropes and lactotropes in the hamster is similar to that in other species and that lactotropes are confined to the pars distalis of postnatal hamsters. 相似文献
8.
In the lamprey, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and melanotropins (MSHs) are produced from two distinct precursors, proopiocortin (POC) and proopiomelanotropin (POM). Both POC and POM have been suggested to be glycoproteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate glycoconjugates in ACTH and MSH cells in the pituitary of adult sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by means of a lectin histochemistry. A total of 19 kinds of lectins were tested. ACTH cells were distributed in both the rostral pars distalis and the proximal pars distalis, and were stained positively with N-acetylglucosamine binding lectins (i.e., succinylated wheat germ agglutinin), N-acetylgalactosamine binding lectins (i.e., soybean agglutinin), D-mannose binding lectins (i.e., Lens culinaris agglutinin), and D-galactose binding lectins (i.e., Erythrina cristagall lectin). MSH cells were distributed in the pars intermedia, and were stained with N-acetylgalactosamine binding lectins (i.e., Dolichos biflorus agglutinin), D-mannose binding lectin (Pisum sativum agglutinin) and D-galactose binding lectins (i.e., peanut agglutinin). These results suggested that ACTH and MSH cells produce different types of glycoconjugates which may be attributed to the difference in glycoconjugate moieties between the precursor proteins, POC and POM. 相似文献
9.
Pituitary sections from 15 to 21 day-old rat foetuses have been studied with the immunofluorescence technique, using antibodies anti alpha-MSH, anti beta-MSH and anti beta (1-24) ACTH. The first ACTH cells appear on day 17 of pregnancy in the pars distalis of the hypophysis and only on day 18 in the pars intermedia. beta-msh cells have been observed on day 16 in the pars anterior and on day 17 in the pars intermedia, while alpha-MSH cells appear only on day 18 and exclusively in the pars intermedia. The cytodifferentiation of the beta-MSH and ACTH cells occurs in the pars intermedia with about a 24 hours delay in comparison to that of the pars distalis. The first revealed cells are always located in the posterior half of the pituitary gland. The corticostimulating activity of the hypophysis has been tested with the fluorescence intensity of the corticotrophs, the adrenal weight, the adrenal content in corticosterone and the plasma corticosterone level. The fluorescence of the corticotrophs increases on day 18, shows a maximum on day 19 and decreases until term. The adrenal weight rises regularly between day 16 to day 20, thereafer the increase subsides. Adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentrations reach a peak on day 19 of pregnancy. These data suggest that hypophyseal corticostimulating activity is very high between days 18 and 19 and decreases between days 19 and 21. 相似文献
10.
M. E. Stoeckel A. Porte C. Hindelang-Gertner H. -D. Dellmann 《Cell and tissue research》1973,142(3):347-365
Summary The development of the pars tuberalis was studied in the rat fetus from 13 days of gestation to 6 weeks after birth. After the closure of Rathke's pouch, the pars tuberalis anlage is clearly distinguishable from the anlagen of the partes intermedia and distalis. It comprises the entire basal portion of the adenohypophysial anlage; the limit between the anlagen of the pars tuberalis and the pars distalis is defined by Atwell's recess, i.e. the pathway taken by the hypophysial vessels coming from the vascular plexus of the median eminence.At 14 days the pars tuberalis cells are characterized by the presence of glycogen which persists in the adult. Their secretory differentiation (elaboration of granules with a diameter of 100–120 nm) is obvious at 15 days of gestation. It therefore, clearly precedes that of the other hypophysial cell types. Its functional differentiation takes place well before its adhesion to the primary vascular plexus of the portal system. Cystic formations appear just before birth in the pars tuberalis, much later than those of the pars distalis.These observations on the development of the pars tuberalis, together with previous observations on the adult PT in various species, showing that the specific glandular cells of the pars tuberalis are cytologically different from all known adenohypophysial cell types, seem to indicate a specific endocrine function of this lobe. 相似文献
11.
Summary An accumulation of monoamines is found in the adult eminentia mediana and infundibular stem, close to the capillaries of the primary plexus, where they seem to be stored mainly in closely packed delicate varicose fibres, often with swollen endings, droplets. The first traces of monoamines are visible in the embryonic eminentia of fetuses from the last three days of the gestation period, but typical monoamine-containing fibre endings close to the primary plexus capillaries in zona externa are not found until towards the end of the first post-natal week. The adult condition is attained two weeks later. Nearly all cells in the adult pars intermedia show a specific yellowish fluorescence whose intensity shows a wide individual variation. Such fluorescent cells are sometimes present in the intermedia of the new-born. In some but not all adult specimens, a fluorescent varicose fibre system is visible. Fluorescent fibres were first observed in the intermedia of the new-born. Fluorescent fibres are visible in n. arcuatus and n. paraventricularis in the fetus at the 16th day of the gestation period. Nerve cell bodies storing visible amounts of monoamines are found in n. arcuatus, n. periventricularis anterior, and n. premammillaris ventralis of the adult. This amine storing activity is first visible in n. arcuatus of the embryo at the 17th day of the gestation period. The adult condition of these cells is reached during the first postnatal week. 相似文献
12.
D J Middleton A Rijnberk M M Bevers H J Goos E A Beeftink J H Thijssen R J Croughs 《Hormones et métabolisme》1987,19(12):632-635
To examine the regulation and functional significance of canine pituitary pars intermedia corticotrophs, ACTH and cortisol responses to CRF were studied in healthy dogs before and after treatment with dexamethasone. In addition the effects of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine and the dopamine antagonist pimozide were investigated. In the latter two instances prolactin concentrations were also measured. Finally the pituitaries were studied immunocytochemically for ACTH and alpha-MSH. No response of ACTH or cortisol to bromocriptine was observed. Pimozide caused a slight rise in ACTH levels in some dogs. However, prolactin levels significantly decreased with bromocriptine and increased with pimozide. Injection of synthetic ovine CRF to dogs was followed by sharp increases in ACTH and cortisol values. These responses were obliterated by prior treatment with dexamethasone. In 1 of 4 dogs given dexamethasone before euthanasia, there were few pars distalis cells with ACTH(1-24) immunopositivity, although persistence of ACTH(1-24) reaction was noted within cells of the pars intermedia. The results indicate that none of the CRF-induced ACTH secretion in dogs is derived from pars intermedia corticotrophs. Dosages of bromocriptine and pimozide that clearly alter prolactin secretion do not consistently affect ACTH levels. 相似文献
13.
We analyzed the effect of cadmium on corticotropic (ACTH) and prolactin (PRL) cells in the pituitary gland of the Podarcis sicula lizard under chronic exposure to this metal. Adult lizards were given CdCl2 in drinking water at the dose of 10 μg/10 g body mass for 120 days. Light microscopy was performed after histological and immunohistochemical staining, and the effects were followed at regular time intervals up to 120 days post-treatment. We detected substantial variations in the general morphology of the pituitary: unlike the control lizards in which the gland appeared compact, the treated lizards showed a glandular tissue with dilated spaces that were more extensive at 90 and 120 days. PRL and ACTH cells showed an increase in occurrence and immunostaining intensity in treated lizards in comparison with the same cells of control animals. This cellular increase peaked for PRL at 30 days in the rostral, medial and also caudal pars distalis of the gland. ACTH cells appeared to increase markedly after 60 days of treatment in both the pars distalis and the pars intermedia. Again, at 60 days small, isolated ACTH cells were also found in the caudal pars distalis in which these cells were generally absent. However, at 120 days both these cellular types showed an occurrence, distribution and morphology similar to those observed in the control lizards. In lizards, protracted oral exposure to cadmium evidently involves an alteration of the normal morphology of the gland and an inhibitory effect of ACTH and PRL cells, since they increase in occurrence and immunostaining. Yet in time the inhibitory effect of cadmium on ACTH and PRL cells falls back and their occurrence appears similar to that of the control lizard. 相似文献
14.
Polypteriform fish constitutes the most primitive living descendent of the ancient bony fish. In polypteriform fish, only proopiomelanocortin (POMC) has been identified so far in the adenohypophysis, which is surprising in view of their evolutionary importance. In the present study, distribution of immunoreactive adenohypophysial hormones was examined in juvenile individuals of Polypterus endlicheri. Antisera to tetrapod and fish adenohypophysial hormones were used as immunostaining probes. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-like cells were detected by antisera to salmon POMC N-terminal peptide, porcine ACTH and mammalian alpha-melanotropin (MSH), and were distributed in the rostral pars distalis in close proximity to the hypophysial duct. MSH-like cells were found in the pars intermedia, and were stained by anti-salmon N-Ac-beta-endorphin II as well as anti-mammalian alpha-MSH and anti-salmon POMC-N terminal peptide. Prolactin (PRL)-like cells were detected only after application of anti-sturgeon PRL, and were distributed in the rostral pars distalis, where PRL-positive material was found in columnar mucinous cells lining the diverticuli of the hypophysial duct. Growth hormone (GH)-like cells were stained with antisera to sturgeon GH, human GH, salmon GH and blue shark GH, and were distributed in the proximal pars distalis. Somatolactin (SL)-like cells were stained with anti-salmon SL, and were distributed in the pars intermedia. Two types of glycoprotein hormone-positive cells were detected in the proximal pars distalis. Although both types of cells were stained with several antisera to glycoprotein hormones, such as sturgeon LHbeta and salmon LHbeta, it was difficult to know which types of cells produce LH, FSH, or TSH. Thus, the present study revealed seven types of adenohypophysial hormone-like cells in the Polypterus pituitary gland, which may provide the morphological basis for better understanding on evolution of the pituitary gland and the adenohypophysial hormones in vertebrates. 相似文献
15.
Immunocytochemical identification and ontogeny of adenohypophyseal cells in a cave fish,Phreatichthys andruzzii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
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The morphogenesis of the pituitary gland and the chronological appearance of adenohypophyseal cells were investigated for the first time in the Somalian cave fish Phreatichthys andruzzii by immunocytochemistry. The adult adenohypophysis contained: a rostral pars distalis, with prolactin (PRL) cells arranged in follicles and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells, a proximal pars distalis with somatotropic (GH), β‐thyrotropic (TSH), β‐gonadotropic type I (FSH) and type II (LH) cells and a pars intermedia with α‐somatolactin (SL), α‐melanotropic (MSH) and β‐endorphin (END) cells. All regions were deeply penetrated by neurohypophyseal branches. At hatching (24 h post‐fertilization) the pituitary was an oval cell mass, close to the ventral margin of diencephalon. The first immunoreactive cells appeared as follows: PRL at 0·5 days after hatching (dah), GH and SL at 1·5 dah, END at 2 dah, TSH, ACTH and MSH at 2·5 dah, FSH at 28 dah and LH at 90 dah. The neurohypophysis appeared at 5 dah and branched extensively inside the adenohypophysis at 130 dah, but there was no boundary between rostral pars distalis and proximal pars distalis at this stage. The potential indices of prolactin and growth hormone production increased until 28 and 60 dah, respectively. The potential index of growth hormone production correlated positively with total length. Activity of PRL and GH cells, measured as ratio of cell area to nucleus area, was significantly higher in juveniles than in larvae. 相似文献
16.
Dr. J. Boddingius 《Cell and tissue research》1976,170(3):383-414
Summary In nine cell types of the adenohypophysis in untreated adult rainbow trout, histologically different activity phases, seasonal changes in activity, and the relation between certain cell types and the interrenal gland, thyroid or gonads were investigated by light and, occasionally, by electron microscopy. Special attention was given to the effect of social rank on the synthetic activity in adenohypophysial cells of trout kept in small groups in which a social hierarchy with one (light) dominant and several (dark) submissives is established.Cell types in the rostral pars distalis were azocarminophil (I) or amphiphil (II). Proximal pars distalis cell types were slightly basophil (IV), orangeophil (V), strongly basophil (VI) or chromophobe (VII). In the pars intermedia, cell types were amphiphil (VIII) or very slightly basophil (IX). Type III was a non-secretory supporting (?) cell.Histologically different activity phases abounded in type IV cells, which mainly occurred in the proximal pars distalis but were also found dispersed in the rostral pars distalis, the pars intermedia and the neurohypophysis.Influences of social rank were pronounced in type IV cells. Phases with a high synthetic activity were exclusively found in submissive animals, phases with a low synthetic activity occurred in dominants. As a positive relation existed between type IV cell activity and the social rank dependent activity of the interrenal gland, it was suggested that type IV cells produce ACTH.In (dominant) male trout treated with DOCG or ACTH, colloid-containing type IV cell phases, reflecting accumulation of the secretory product, were found. This supported the earlier suggestion that ACTH in the trout is produced in the basophil type IV cells and not, as reported in the literature, in cells comparable to type II.The author is greatly indebted to Miss M.C. Wentzel, Miss I. Stulen, Mr. J. Veening and Dr. J.G. van Rhijn for their help with histological techniques, interrenal cell measurements and statistical aspects 相似文献
17.
We analyzed the effect of cadmium on corticotropic (ACTH) and prolactin (PRL) cells in the pituitary gland of the Podarcis sicula (P. sicula) lizard under chronic exposure to this metal. Adult lizards were given CdCl2 in drinking water at the dose of 10 µg/10 g body mass for 120 days. Light microscopy was performed after histological and immunohistochemical staining, and the effects were followed at regular time intervals up to 120 days post-treatment. We detected substantial variations in the general morphology of the pituitary: unlike the control lizards in which the gland appeared compact, the treated lizards showed a glandular tissue with dilated spaces that were more extensive at 90 and 120 days. PRL and ACTH cells showed an increase in occurrence and immunostaining intensity in treated lizards in comparison with the same cells of control animals. This cellular increase peaked for PRL at 30 days in the rostral, medial and also caudal pars distalis of the gland. ACTH cells appeared to increase markedly after 60 days of treatment in both the pars distalis and the pars intermedia. Again, at 60 days small, isolated ACTH cells were also found in the caudal pars distalis in which these cells were generally absent. However, at 120 days both these cellular types showed an occurrence, distribution and morphology similar to those observed in the control lizards. In lizards, protracted oral exposure to cadmium evidently involves an alteration of the normal morphology of the gland and an inhibitory effect of ACTH and PRL cells, since they increase in occurrence and immunostaining. Yet in time the inhibitory effect of cadmium on ACTH and PRL cells falls back and their occurrence appears similar to that of the control lizard.Key words: cadmium, corticotropic and prolactin cells, lizard. 相似文献
18.
Localization of a 16,000-dalton fragment of the common precursor of adrenocorticotropin and beta-lipotropin in the rat and human pituitary gland
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To clearly identify cells and organelles containing the common precursor (31,000 dalton) for both adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), an immunohistochemical localization of a fragment (16,000 dalton) of the precursor that is not common to beta-LPH and ACTH was conducted in rat and human pituitary glands. With the help of specific antibodies that do not cross-react with beta-LPH and ACTH, the 16,000-dalton fragment was localized in the cells that also produce ACTH and beta-LPH in both the pars distalis and pars intermedia of the rat pituitary. At the electron microscope level, the secretory granules that contain ACTH were also stained for 16,000-dalton fragment. In the human pituitary, the 16,000-dalton fragment was also observed in all the secretory granules of lipocorticotrophs. These results suggest that, after enzymatic cleavage, fragment(s) of the common precursor and/or the whole common precursor remain packaged within the secretory granules with peptides of known activity. 相似文献
19.
Michael Benjamin 《Acta zoologica》1979,60(2):105-113
Sagittal sections from pituitaries of winter and spring fish were stained with a number of methods including alcian blue-PAS-orange G, Herlant's tetrachrome, Luxol fast blue-PAS-orange G and lead haematoxylin. By these methods seven different endocrine cell types were readily demonstrated in the adenohypophysis. In the rostral pars distalis (RPD), there were conspicuous vacuoles (intra- and possibly extracellular) in the prolactin cell zone of all animals. The ACTH cells in the RPD were very numerous. In the proximal pars distalis (PPD), the growth hormone cells were arranged in coiling bands that were predominantly dorsal and juxtaposed to neurohypophysis. Two types of basophils were readily distinguished: both were predominantly ventral in the proximal pars distalis, though the type I basophil also formed a constant group in the dorsal region of the pituitary, between the PPD and the RPD. The pars intermedia contained two cell types — a lead haematoxylin-positive cell and a PAS-positive cell. The pituitary morphology is compared with that of other teleosts. 相似文献
20.
Rodríguez-Gómez FJ Rendón-Unceta MC Piñuela C Muñoz-Cueto JA Jiménez-Tenorio N Sarasquete C 《Histology and histopathology》2001,16(2):443-451
In this paper we report the first complete mapping of the pituitary in a tuna species. The various different adenohypophysis cell types of the bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus L. have been identified and located using different antisera against mammalian and piscine hormones and various histochemical techniques: PAS, Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and lectins -ConA and WGA(Neutral and Acidic Glycoproteins); Bromophenol Blue (Proteins) and Tioglycollate-Ferric-Ferricianide-FeIII (-S-S- groups). Prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) cells were located in the rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the pituitary, while the proximal pars distalis (PPD) displayed gonadotrophic (GTH), thyrotrophic (TSH), somatotrophic (GH) and also a few PRL cells. Moreover, somatolactin (SL) and melanotrophic (MSH) cells were identified inside the pars intermedia (PI). Interestingly, some SL-immunoreactive fibers were also detected in the neurohypophysis. Some GTH cells were also located on the exterior surface of the PI. Glycoproteins containing mannose (Man) and/or glucose (Glc); N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and/or sialic acid sugar residues, as well as -S-S- groups, were observed in GTH, TSH and SL cells. The Bromophenol Blue technique stained amphiphilic SL, acidophilic GH cells and weakly ACTH cells. GH and ACTH cells were unreactive to PAS, Alcian Blue, Tioglycollate-Ferric-Ferricianide-FeIII and lectin (Con A and WGA) techniques. Finally, PAS reaction was positive in amphiphilic SL cells, which were PbH unreactive, while MSH and ACTH cells were stained with PbH technique. 相似文献