Drei neue Polychaeten-Arten der Familien Polynoidae und Syllidae von Neu-Kaledonien,assoziiert mit einer verkalkten Hydrozoe

Three new species are described:Lagisca zibrowii (Polynoidae) andProcerastea hydrozoicola andP. parasimpliseta (Syllidae), living in association with a calcified hydrozoan, probably of the genusPseudosolanderia (Rosalindidae). The genusParaprocerastea is synonymized withProcerastea.     

OnEndomyces,Endomycopsis and related yeast-like fungi

Strains in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures under the generic namesEndomyces andEndomycopsis were compared with related genera of filamentous and yeast-like fungi. The genusEndomyces is accepted for ascigerous states ofGeotrichum; 6 species are keyed out and discussed. The genus nameEndomycopsis is rejected as it is an obligate synonym ofSaccharomycopsis. ForEndomyces javanensis, Endomycopsis platypodis andSaccharomycopsis synnaedendra the new generaArthroascus, Hormoascus andBotryoascus are proposed; the genusGuilliermondella is reintroduced. Briefly discussed are the generaSchizosaccharomyces, Eremascus, Dipodascus, Ascoidea, Cephaloascus, Ambrosiozyma andCrebrothecium. A key is given for the genera of yeast-like “ascomycetes” with septate hyphae. Some species described asGeotrichum are transferred to other genera.     

Teuthiden aus dem Unterapt (»Töck«) von Helgoland (Schleswig-Holstein,Norddeutschland)

From the Early Aptian (“Tæck”) of Heligoland (North Germany) three new species, one new genus and one new family of Teuthids are described:Mastigopbora stuehmeri n. sp.,Boreopeltis helgo landiae n. gen. n. sp. andMaioteuthis damesi n. sp. The new genusBoreopeltis n. gen. ist placed in the family Plesioteuthididae NAEF 1921. The genusMastigopbora OWEN 1856 previously attributed to the family Loligosepiidae van Regteren Altena 1949 is proposed as type genus of the new family Mastigophoridae. Two poorly preserved specimens cannot be identified specifically (?Trachyteuthis sp. andPlesioteuthis sp.).     

New species of cryptochloa and piresia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Two new species are added toCryptochloa,C. unispiculata from Peru andC. capillata from Brazil, the latter transferred from the genusOlyra. The genusPiresia is also augmented by two new species,P. macrophylla from Peru andP. leptophylla from Bahia, Brazil. These species represent, respectively, the westernmost and easternmost limits of distribution of the genus.     

Grabwespen der gattungPassaloecus aus fossilen harzen (Hymenoptera,Sphecoidea, Pemphredoninae)

Passaloecus microceras n. sp. from baltic amber (upper Eocene) andP. munax n. sp. from amber of Bitterfeld (lower Miocene) are described and their position within the genusPassaloecus Shuckard is discussed.     

Halteromyces,a new genus in the Mucorales

Halteromyces radiatus is described as a new genus and species in the order Mucorales. The genus is referred to the family Mucoraceae and has close affinities to the genusAbsidia. The fungus grows readily in pure culture. The asexual structures are described; no sexual structures have been found despite extensive contrasts with members of the genusAbsidia andGongronella.     

Ammonite evolution and its bearing on the Cenomanian — Turonian boundary problem

Recent records ofVascoceras andNigericeras from the Cenomanian are reviewed and considered to be based upon mis-identification and/or questionable stratigraphic evidence. Phylogenetic relationships suggest that both these genera are wholly Turonian. The new genusProvascoceras is erected for the uppermost CenomanianVascoceras diartianus (d’Oreigny) whilst the Upper CenomanianPseudotissotia inopinata Kennedy & Bayliss is shown to be an homoeomorphous offshoot ofAcompsoceras, unrelated to the Turonian genus, for which the new genusKennediella is proposed. A refined zonal subdivision of the Turonian Stage is proposed.     

Zur taxonomischen Gliederung der Familie Porocharaceae (Charophyta)

A revision of the charophyte family Porocharaceae Grambast is given, previously unstudied from the Keuper (Late Triassic) of Germany. The Porocharaceae were divided into three subfamilies. Two of them (Porocharoideae Grambast and Stellatocharoideae Grambast) are conserved; the third (Cuneatocharoideae Wang & Huang) is rejected. The diagnosis of the Stellatocharoideae is emendated. All genera with neck-like or conical apex are now included in this family, that means not only the genera of the rejected subfamily Cuneatocharoideae (Cuneatochara, Latochara, Stenochara), but also the genusStomochara, previously placed in the Porocharoideae. Only three genera (Porochara, Feistiella and the new genusKozurella n. gen.) are now attributed to the Porocharoideae, a subfamily characterized by a flat apex. The genusAuerbachichara Kiselevsky & Saidakovsky is a synonym toStomochara Grambast, the genusVladimiriella Saidakovsky toPorochara MÄDLER. Two additional species ofVladimiriella (V.decora SAIDAKOVSKY andV. karpinskyi Demin are assigned toStenochara Grambast on the basis of their apex-morphology. A new species,Cuneatochara württembergensis n. sp. is described from the Lower Keuper of Southern Germany.     

Six new species of melampodium (compositae: Heliantheae) from Mexico and Central America

Six species of the genusMelampodium are described as new:M. glabribracteatum, M. nayaritense, andM. pilosum (sect.Melampodium);M. costaricense, M. nutans, andM. sinaloense (sect.Zarabellia). Chromosome numbers forM. nutans andM. pilosum are reported asn = 11 andn = 10 respectively     

Studies on the cyanophytes of Cuba 4–6

The article comprises three subsequently published studies of the taxonomy of Cuban cyanophyte/cyanobacterial flora: (4)Lyngbyopsis willei: This oscillatorialean genus and species, described byGardner (1927) from mountain creeks in Puerto Rico, was found more than 50 years later in similar localities in Cuba. The morphological variability of the Cuban populations is described and similarity with the genusSchizothrix (sect.Inactis) discussed. —(5)Cylindrospermum-species: The morphological variability of twenty-oneCylindrospermum-populations collected in Cuba was studied, documented by graphical methods and compared with the published data. Four new taxa were recognized (C. minutissimum v.rinoi, C. zonatum, C. bourrellyi, andC. desikacharyi). The other populations belong to the variation ranges ofC. breve, C. minutissimum, C. michailovskoense, andC. muscicola v.kashmiriense.— (6)Gomphosphaerioideae-species: Fifty eight populations (9 species) of the subfamilyGomphosphaerioideae (Microcystaceae, Chroococcales) from freshwater biotopes of Cuba were evaluated: Four planktic species with a probable cosmopolitan distribution were found (Coelosphaerium kuetzinginianum, C. minutissimum, Snowella lacustris andCoelomoron pusillus), and from the genusCoelomoron Buell two new species,C. microcystoides andC. vestitus were described. The tropical planktic speciesWoronichinia fremyi forms occasionally water blooms in larger reservoirs. Two tropical species from the genusGomphosphaeria Kütz, were recognized,G. multiplex (Nyg.) c. n. andG. semen-vitis sp. n.     

RAPD Analysis of Some Species in the GenusVanda(Orchidaceae)

The genetic closeness of various species ofVandawas determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Strap-leavedVandaspecies (includingVanda sanderiana) andAscocentrum miniatumwere more closely related to each other than to the terete-leavedVandaspecies studied. RAPD analysis supports the suggestion that terete-leavedVanda teresandVanda hookerianabe classified in the separate genusPapilionantheand thatVanda sanderianashould remain in the genusVanda.     

Taxonomic revision of the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) genusMesosimoceras (Ammonoidea) and institution of the new genusPresimoceras (Ammonitina,Idoceratinae)

Presimoceras is a new genus of Idoceratinae. The biostratigraphical range ofPresimoceras is limited to theStrombecki, Divisum and lower part of theAcanthicum Zone within the Kimmeridgian (in the Southern European sense). The genusMesosimoceras (Idoceratinae) was instituted by Spath (1925), withSimoceras cavouri Gemmellaro as type species; this genus is here emended with the institution ofPresimoceras n. gen. The species groupcavouri-risgoviense is preserved in the emended genusMesosimoceras, while the groupherbichiludovicii-teres is accommodated inPresimoceras on account of the radical and numerous differences and the stratigraphical gap betweenMesosimoceras andPresimoceras. As type species of the new genusAmmonites nodulatus Quenstedt is designated. The new genus is here subdivided into three groups of species:herbichi, ludovicii andteres. Phylogenetically,Presimoceras is derived fromPassendorferia, Mesosimoceras fromNebrodites.     

Oreobroma megarhizum is a Calandrinia of section Acaules (Portulacaceae)

Oreobroma megarhizum is reassigned to the genusCalandrinia and placed in the sectionAcaules. The biogeographic and evolutionary consequences are evaluated in relation toOreobroma (Lewisia) andCalandrinia distribution patterns.     

Phytogeny of genusGlossina (Diptera:Glossinidae) according to ITS2 sequences

The flies of genusGlossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) are an important vector of African trypanosomiases which cause diseases in humans and animals. The ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS-2) region sequences from differentGlossina species were PCR-amplified and analyzed in order to construct a molecular phylogeny for genusGlossina. Trees generated by parsimony confirmed the monophyletic taxonomic placement of genusGlossina wherefusca group species formed the deepest branch followed bymorsitans andpalpalis groups, respectively. The placement ofGlossina austeni by both the traditional morphological and biochemical criteria has been controversial. Results presented here, based on ITS-2 locus sequence analysis, suggest thatGlossina austeni can be placed into a separate subgenerus which forms a sister-group relationship with themorsitans group species.     

Two taxonomic equations relevant to the Flora of Saül,French Guiana

The taxonomic equationsMelanoxylon speciosum Benoist=Recordoxylon amazonicum (Ducke) Ducke andElephantomene eburnea Barneby & Krukoff (1974)=Cionomene javariensis Krukoff (1979) are proposed. The new combinationRecordoxylon speciosum (Benoist) Gazel is validated, and the widely discontinuous distribution of the monotypic genusElephantomene is mapped.     

Die GattungTeutonica Schröder 1991 (Gastropoda) aus dem Dogger Deutschlands und Nordwestpolens

Up to now the genusTeutonica has only been known by its type species. Four species and two subspecies are related to it herein; two species and one subspecies are new:T. verrucosa, T. procera andT. gramanni nodosa. Zygopleura rectecostata Walther is based on poorly preserved juvenile shells of aTeutonica species — therefore its specific identity will remain doubtful while its generic placement is clear. The genusTeutonica is known from the Bajocian and Bathonian. It was formerly related to the families Cerithiopsidae or Zygopleuridae. Here the genus is placed with the Polygyrinidae becausePolygyrina andTeutonica are very similar regarding teleoconch shape, course of the growth lines, and the protoconch shape.     

Antibacterial activities of marine epibiotic bacteria isolated from brown algae of Japan

One hundred and sixteen epibiotic bacteria were isolated from the surface of nine species of brown algaeSargassum serratifolium, Sargassum fusiforme, Sargassum filicinum, Padina arborescens, Undaria pinnatifida, Petalonia fascia, Colpomenia sinuosa, Scytosiphon lomentaria andEcklonia cava which were collected at Awaji Island, Japan. Primary screening results using disc-diffusion assay revealed that, among the bacteria isolated 20% of epibiotic bacteria exhibited antibacterial activity. Among them, 10 bacteria which showed high antibacterial activity were further studied for their ability against (i) a set of fouling bacteria isolated from marine natural biofilm, (ii) some luminescentVibrio andPhotobacterium species and (iii) a panel of pathogenic bacteria. In general, inhibitory activities were high or moderate against fouling bacteria,Vibrio andPhotobacterium species, while they were found to be low against pathogenic bacteria tested. The phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that all of the bacteria with high antibacterial activity showed a close affiliation with genusBacillus. This result suggested that the genusBacillus is efficient producers of of antibacterial compounds and these epibiotic bacteria isolated are highly successful colonizers on macroalgal surfaces.