A tribute to Dr Royce E. Longton

Abstract

The relationships within the Bryaceae, with emphasis on the genus Bryum, were studied based on morphological and anatomical characters and using cladistic methods. The analysis was performed with thirty-six species representing the different parts of the family, and with Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., Mnium hornum (Dicks.) Lindb., and Tayloria lingulata Hedw. as outgroups. The Bryaceae, and the subfamilies Bryoideae, Mielichhoferioideae, and Pohlioideae, as defined by several earlier authors appear to be paraphyletic. The genus Bryum seems to be paraphyletic, because Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils., Osculatia columbica De Not., and Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Paris, appear as ingroups within this genus when the tree is rooted with Funaria. Mnium hornum came out as the sister taxon of a clade including Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. and P. longicollis (Hedw.) Lindb., whereas P. drummondii (Müll. Hall.) A.L. Andrews, appears not to be closely related to the other two Pohlia species studied here, making this genus paraphyletic. Mielichhoferia mielichhoferiana (Funck.) Loeske, appears as the sister taxon of Schizymenium bryoides Harv., suggesting that both these genera are paraphyletic. Overall, the stabilities of the clades are low and it is suggested that combined analyses of morphological, anatomical, and molecular data are needed to get better resolved and more stable trees.     

John Bishop Duncan

Abstract

Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) Beauv., Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Hampe, Cyclodictyon blumeanum (C. Muell.) O. Kuntze and Tristichella spiculifera Dix., representing four genera of mosses new to Peninsular Malaysia, are reported and the latter two species described and illustrated. Features of ecological and distributional interest are also discussed. The sporophytes of Tristichella spiculifera are described and figured for the first time.     

Nuovo elenco di muschi Cusiani (Piemonte)

Abstract

New list of mosses in the Cusian woods (Orta Lake. Piedmont). — The author draws up a list of new entities and new places in the Cusian region, in addition to the entities already listed in his previous works, about wood mosses in the region, mentioned in the bibliography. The distinctive characters with reference to the known species and formes are emphasized. The boundaries of the considered region, the different kinds of woods as well as some geomorphologic, geologic and climatic notes have been explained in the previous works, together with a short account about the previous bryological researches that have been carried out in the region, from DE NOTARIS (1805-1877) onwards. New entities listed in the present and in the previous author's works: Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Lindb. var. nurautianum; Oreoweisia Bruntoni (Smith) Milde var. cusiana; Anisothecium rufescens (Smith) Lindb. var. Vertacomorum; Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp, var. curvata (Hedw.) Rabenh. f. sculerensis; Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp, var. amenensis; Trichostomum mutabile Bruch De Not. subsp. cuspidatum (Schimp.) Herzog, var. silvaticum; Tortula muralis Hedw. f. incana Sapegin oec. parviseta; Mnium affine Blandow var. minus; Mnium hymenophylloides Hueb. f. ovata; Hedwigia ciliata B.S.G. f. insignis; Plasteurhynchium striatum (Spruce) Fleisch, f. cavernarum Podp. oec. Scalettae; Hygroamblystegium sculerense; Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske var. ciliata; Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. roncherensis; Brachythecium Starkei B.S.G. var. nemorosum; Brachythecium collinum (Schleich.) B.S.G. f. Cusionis; Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. minor et f. protilica; Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) Fleisch, f. integra; Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Mueller f. delicatula; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. var. majus (Boulay) Limpr. f. eubinervia; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. ssp. laetum (B.S.G.) Meylan var. densum (B.S.G.) Moenk. f. plicata; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. cultrifolia; Platygyrium repens B.S.G. f. binervia et f. brachyphylla; Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. ssp. eu-cupressiforme Giac. var. lacunosum Brid. f. denticulata; Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Schwaegr.) Fleisch, f. eudentata.     

Phylogenetic relationships between Bryum and supposedly closely related genera

Abstract

The phylogeny of the genus Bryum was studied using cladistic analyses under the maximum parsimony criterion of evolution of anatomical and morphological characters. Three analyses were made with 32 Bryum species plus 20 species from genera supposedly closely related to Bryum, and with Amblyodon dealbatus (Sw. ex Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp., Meesia uliginosa Hedw., and Leptostomum macrocarpum (Hedw.) Bach. Pyl., as outgroups. It is here suggested that under earlier systematic concepts the genus Bryum is paraphyletic. A clade with Bryum billarderi Schwägr., B. capillare Hedw., B. donianum Grev., B. russulum Broth. & Geh., Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwägr.) Paris, and R. keniae (Müll. Hal.) Broth. are circumscribed by spathulate stem leaves that are crowded in the stem apex, suggesting that the rosulate species of Bryum are more closely related to Rhodobryum than to the rest of Bryum. Stem leaf costae without stereids and spores that mature in the winter are synapomorphies for a clade with Anomobryum julaceum (P. Gaertn. et al.) Schimp. and Bryum argenteum (Hedw.). The tropical species B. cellulare Hook. and B. flaccum Wilson ex Mitt. appear in a clade with Plagiobryum zieri (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Lindb. and Synthetodontium pringlei Cardot. In one analysis, B. limbatum Müll. Hal., Epipterygium tozeri (Grev.) Lindb., Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson, and Roellia roellii (Broth. ex Röll) H.A. Crum came out in a clade with Mniobryum atropurpureum (Wahlenb.) I. Hagen, Mnium hornum Hedw., Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb., P. longicollis (Hedw.) Lindb., and Pseudopohlia didymodontia (Mitt.) A.L.Andrews. It is here suggested that gametophytic features, such as the orientation and anatomy of the stem leaves and the appearance of vegetative propagules, are important for the internal relationships within the studied ingroup, whereas characters related to the sporophyte, especially those of the peristome, may obscure phylogenetic relationships. Most of the subgenera and the sections of Bryum, as defined by earlier authors, appear to be paraphyletic. However, due to the low stability of most clades it is suggested that analyses including anatomical, morphological, and molecular data are needed.     

The Genetics of Bryophytes

Abstract

Sanionia orthothecioides (Lindb.) Loeske (Drepanocladus orthothecioides (Lindb.) Roth) is reported from three Scottish islands, Hirta (St Kilda), Mainland of Shetland and Fair Isle, new to the British Isles. It is described and illustrated and the differences with the closely related S. uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske discussed.     

Notes on mosses from Ceylon and India, 8. Another moss with three names in three continents

Abstract

Entodon dregeanus (Hornsch.) C.M., from Africa arid E. plicatus C.M., from southern India and Ceylon, are reduced to the synonymy of E. macropodus (Hedw.) C.M., an American species.     

Bryum apiculatum (Bryaceae) in East Cornwall: a moss new to Europe

Abstract

A key to the forty-two species and four varieties of Grimmia Hedw, and to Coscinodon Spreng. (2 spp) and Hydrogrimmia Loeske (1 sp.) in Europe, including a checklist, is presented.     

The occurrence of Homalothecium nitens (Hedw.) Robins. in Ireland

Abstract

Eight new localities for Homalothecium nitens (Hedw.) Robins are recorded from north Co. Mayo, Ireland. The first observations of H. nitens in fruit in Ireland are reported.     

Contribution À L'Étude De Quelques Bryoassociations De L'Étage Subalpin Dans Le Sud-Est De La France

Resume Dans le présent travail, l'auteur effectue une étude bryosociologique de la strate muscinale des rochers et des marécages de l'étage subalpin dans le Sud-Est de la France. Il envisage en particulier les blocs siliceux ombragés occupés par le Grimmietum elatioris (avecGrimmia elatior Bruch,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp.) ainsi que les parois suintantes de gneiss (Blindio-Amphoridietum) colonisées parBlindia acuta (Huds) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmundoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch,Gymnostomum rupestre Schleich. Les rochers calcaires en exposition froide portent, sur le pourtour de l'Argentera-Mercantour l'association àEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. etPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp. (Encalypto-Plagiopetum) très largement répandue dans les Alpes du Sud, alors qu'au voisinage des cascades appara?t une formation tufogène montagnarde àHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix etSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. Les tourbières àSphagnum acutifolium Warnst,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. etMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. semblent inféodées, dans les régions étudiées, au vieux massif cristallin (Lac Nègre, Boréon, Vallée des Merveilles) où elles se rencontrent à partir de 1900 mètres d'altitude. Enfin, les marécages sur calcaire ou sur flysch portent des peuplements à base deBryum pallens Sw.Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. avec par endroitsMeesea uliginosa Hedw. etAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

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Summary In this work, the author carries out a bryosociological study concerning the vegetation on rocks and bogs in the subalpine district of the high mountains of southern France. He considers particularly the siliceous blocks covered with carpets ofGrimmia elatior Bruch,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp. (Grimmietum elatioris) and the oozing gneiss-walls (Blindio-Amphoridietum) colonized byBlindia acuta (Huds) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmumdoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch., andGymnostomum rupestre Schleich. On calcareous rocks, in cold places, surrounding the Argentera-Mercantour, he found an association withEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. andPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp., (Encalypto-Plagiopetum) which is very common in the southern alps, and near waterfalls occurs a travertinic mountain-formation withHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix andSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. The peat-bogs containingSphagnum acutifolium Warnst.,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst.,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. andMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. seem to be particular to the old crystalline chain where we found them at an altitude of 1900 meters. Finally, calcareous or flysch-bogs present a cryptogamic vegetation withBryum pallens Sew.,Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. and the rareMeesea uliginosa Hedw. andAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

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Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit, führt der Verfasser ein bryosoziologisches Studien der Felsen und der Moore in der subalpinen Stufe Süd-Ost Frankreichs aus. Er beschreibt namentlich die Silikatbl?cke, die im Schatten der W?lder von dem Grimmietum elatioris (mitGrimmia elatior Bruch.,Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich.,Grimmia funalis (Schwaegr.) Schimp.,G. doniana Sm.,Dicranum sauteri Schimp.) bedeckt sind, und die feuchten Gneissw?nde (Blindio-Amphoridietum), die vonBlindia acuta (Huds.) B.e.,Amphoridium mougeotti B.e.,Fissidens osmundoides Hedw.,Saccobasis polita (Nees) Bruch.,Gymnostomum rupestre Schleich kolonisiert werden. Auf den kalkhaltigen Bl?cken, in der N?he des Argentera-Mercantour traf er eine Moosgesellschaft mitEncalypta streptocarpa Hedw. undPlagiopus oederi (Schwaegr.) Schimp. (Encalypto-Plagiopetum), die in den Süd-Alpen sehr h?ufig ist. An den Quellen und Wasserf?llen erscheint eine tufogene Bildung der montanen Stufe mitHymenostylium recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dix undSouthbya nigrella (De Not) Spruce. In unserer Gegend, sind die Torfmoore mitSphagnum acutifolium Warnst.,S. teres Angst,S. platyphyllum Warnst,S. recurvum P.B.,Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr., undMeesea triquetra (Hedw.) Angst. dem alten kristallartigen Gebirgsstock eng belehnt, wo wir sie immer ab 1900 meter gefunden haben. Endlich, tragen die Kalk oder Flysch-Sümpfe eine besondere Kryptogamenvegetation mitBryum pallens Sw.,Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Schwaegr.,Cratoneurum commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. und manchmal die seltenenMeesea uliginosa Hedw. undAmblyodon dealbatus (Dicks) P.B.

     

potamolejeunea Holtii (Spruce) nov.comb.

Abstract

Bryophytes usually have anti-feeding properties to defend against microbial and herbivore attack; however, the consumption of Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. capsules by Agrotis sp. larvae is rather common in Shanghai in the spring. To test whether H. microphyllum is the only moss eaten, and why the gametophytes of H. microphyllum are not eaten, a series of quantitative experiments were carried out to understand the feeding habits of Agrotis larvae on the given moss materials at three growth stages of larval life. The results show that the larvae can feed on the capsules of six moss species to different degrees: Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., H. microphyllum, Physcomitrium sphaericum (C.F.Ludw. ex Schkuhr) Brid., Trematodon longicollis Michx., Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe, and Pogonatum inflexum (Lindb.) Sande Lac. The capsules of the first four species were grazed heavily by the larvae, compared with limited consumption of the latter two (D. pallidum and P. inflexum), which even induced a high mortality rate among the larvae. With the growth of the larval instar, the daily demand for moss capsules by the larvae increases gradually. The lipid content of the capsules may play an important role when the larva selects its feeding target.     

Typification of Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.

Abstract

On the basis of the protologue, the name Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. is treated as a nomen dubium and consequently is rejected. S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. is lectotypified through a Dillenius specimen, and is proposed to be adopted as the correct name of this species.     

Observations of spore morphology of some Pottiaceae Schimp. species (Bryophyta) in Turkey

The spores of Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Weber and D. Mohr., S. princeps (De Not.) Mitt., S. subulata (Hedw.) F.Weber and D.Mohr var. subulata, S. subulata (Hedw.) F.Weber and D.Mohr var. angustata (Schimp.) J.J. Amann and S. subulata (Hedw.) F.Weber and D.Mohr var. graeffii Warnst. were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The apertural region consists of a leptoma in all spores. All taxa of the family are uniform in their spore morphology. The spores of the five taxa are of granuloid type. The spore wall of the Pottiaceae family includes sclerine (the distinction between exine and perine may be difficult to define) and intine. The taxonomy of the genus Syntrichia is discussed on the basis of its spore morphology.     

Neckera enrothiana (Neckeraceae,Musci), a new species from Sichuan,China

Abstract

A new species in the moss family Neckeraceae, Neckera enrothiana M.C. Ji is described and illustrated from the Sichuan Province, China. It is characterized by the combination of relatively small plants, entirely non-undulate and non-decurrent leaves, and by its lacking or very short costa. It is compared with the somewhat similar and widely distributed N. complanata (Hedw.) Hueb. and N. besseri (Lob.) Jur., as well as with the Asian N. goughiana Mitt.     

New and noteworthy records of mosses from Italian national and regional Parks

Some remarkable mosses, as a result of the study of both recent collections and a review of herbarium specimens, are reported in this paper. They are: Anomodon rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl., new record from southern Italy, a moss very rare in the Mediterranean region and considered threatened in many European countries; Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. and Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M. Stech, both new records from Sicily, are very rare mosses in Italy. Moreover, a new locality in Sicily for the little-known species Tortula bolanderi (Lesq. & James) M. Howe is reported.     

An electron microscopical study of the genus Tortula Hedw., with special reference to exine ornamentation

Abstract

Spores of ten North European species of the genus Tortula Hedw. were studied in the transmission electron microscope. In all the sporoderm was more or less covered with finely papillate processes of several different types which divide the genus into a number of groups different from the previously suggested sections. The ornamentation of leaves, peristomes, and spores of T. norvegica (Web. f.) Wahlenb. has been studied in the scanning electron microscope. The leaf papillae are not c-shaped as suggested in the literature, but branched in a rather complex way. The borders of the basal membrane cells of the peristome appeared to be a continuation of the filamentous portion of the teeth. A comparison with T. ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. revealed the ornamentation to be of the same basic type in the two species.     

中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究

采用经典分类学研究方法,对河北师范大学植物标本馆(HBNU)等国内多个标本馆保存的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组(Pohlia Hedw.section Cacodon Lindb.ex Broth.)及其近缘类群植物标本共计130余号进行了分类学分析鉴定,并对所确定的中国产直蒴组物种的芽胞大小、形状及叶原基数量和长度等形态学特征进行比较分析,以期为中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经鉴定中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物共有8种——夭命丝瓜藓[Pohlia annotina(Hedw.)Lindb.]、糙枝丝瓜藓[P.camptotrachela(Ren.Card.)Broth.]、林地丝瓜藓[P.drummondii(Müll.Hal.)Andr.]、疣齿丝瓜藓[P.flexuosa Harv.]、纤毛丝瓜藓[P.hisae T.J.Kop.et J.X.Luo]、异芽丝瓜藓[P.leucostoma(BoschSande Lac.)M.Fleisch.]、念珠丝瓜藓[P.lutescens(Limpr.)H.Lindb.]和卵蒴丝瓜藓[P.proligera(Kindb.ex Breidl.)Lindb.ex Arnell]。(2)中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物的重要鉴别特征是在假根或叶腋处生有芽胞,而且芽胞形状以及叶原基形状和数量在直蒴组中存在差异,如念珠丝瓜藓具有假根生芽胞,而疣齿丝瓜藓具有两型芽胞。(3)对所鉴定的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组8种植物的识别特征、生境及其与相近种的关系进行了详细描述,并绘制了形态特征墨线图。     

Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. in the British Isles

Abstract

The moss Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. is added to the described British bryophyte flora. It differs from fragile-leaved forms of T. tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. in having the apical quarter of the costa with quadrate, papillose abaxial cells and in having the peristome teeth twisted by a half turn instead of one and a half turns. Other identification features are discussed, and the habitat and distribution of T. bambergeri in Britain are described. Most records are from sandstone boulders in western Britain.     

山东苔藓植物新记录

该研究通过对采自山东的苔藓植物标本进行鉴定,首次发现裂齿藓[ Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp.]和粗疣藓[ Fauriella tenuis (Mitt.) Cardot]在山东的分布,这也是昂氏藓科(Aongstroemiaceae)裂齿藓属( Dichodontium Schimp.)和粗疣藓属( Fauriella Besch.)的苔藓植物在山东的首次发现。文中还详细描述了裂齿藓和粗疣藓的形态特征,绘制了墨线图,并进行了相应的讨论。     

Lectotypification of Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. and B. aphylla var. viridis DC. (Buxbaumiaceae)

Abstract

The two species of Buxbaumia Hedw. known to occur in Europe were both originally discovered on this continent and were the earliest in the genus (as presently delimited) to be described. Already widely known, Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw., was validated by Johannes Hedwig in 1801, whereas B. viridis (DC.) Moug. & Nestl. was initially described as a variety of B. aphylla by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1815. After two centuries in the bryological literature, these taxa are herein effectively typified. Lectotypes for the names B. aphylla and B. viridis are designated based on original herbarium sheets from the Hedwig-Schwägrichen and De Candolle collections in G.