A revision of the moss genus Sciaromium (Mitt.) Mitt. I. General remarks and the section Aloma Dusén

Abstract

The generic name Sciaromium (Mitt.) Mitt. that was originally used as a sectional epithet in Leskea is synonymous with Echinodium Jul E. madeirense Jur. [= E. spinosum (Mitt.) Jur.] is selected as the lectotype of the genus Echinodium. A historical review of taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in Sciaromium is provided and taxa that had previously been excluded from this genus are briefly discussed. Sciaromium flavidulum Dusén is a Eurhynchium and the combination E. flavidulum (Dusén) Ochyra is made. Sciaromium sect. Aloma Dusén is synonymous with Eurhynchium since E. flavidulum serves as the type species of this section. The taxonomic position of S. gracile Dusén is discussed and this species is considered synonymous with Amblystegium chilense Lor., which is transferred to Pseudoleskea and the appropriate new combination P. chilensis (Lor.) Ochyra made. Type specimens of S. bellii Broth., S. elimbatum Broth. & Watts and S. forsythii Broth. in Broth. & Watts are briefly described and illustrated; these species are reduced to synonymy with the polymorphic Cratoneuropsis relaxa (Hook. f. & Wils.) Fleisch. in Broth.     

中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究

采用经典分类学研究方法,对河北师范大学植物标本馆(HBNU)等国内多个标本馆保存的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组(Pohlia Hedw.section Cacodon Lindb.ex Broth.)及其近缘类群植物标本共计130余号进行了分类学分析鉴定,并对所确定的中国产直蒴组物种的芽胞大小、形状及叶原基数量和长度等形态学特征进行比较分析,以期为中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经鉴定中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物共有8种——夭命丝瓜藓[Pohlia annotina(Hedw.)Lindb.]、糙枝丝瓜藓[P.camptotrachela(Ren.Card.)Broth.]、林地丝瓜藓[P.drummondii(Müll.Hal.)Andr.]、疣齿丝瓜藓[P.flexuosa Harv.]、纤毛丝瓜藓[P.hisae T.J.Kop.et J.X.Luo]、异芽丝瓜藓[P.leucostoma(BoschSande Lac.)M.Fleisch.]、念珠丝瓜藓[P.lutescens(Limpr.)H.Lindb.]和卵蒴丝瓜藓[P.proligera(Kindb.ex Breidl.)Lindb.ex Arnell]。(2)中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物的重要鉴别特征是在假根或叶腋处生有芽胞,而且芽胞形状以及叶原基形状和数量在直蒴组中存在差异,如念珠丝瓜藓具有假根生芽胞,而疣齿丝瓜藓具有两型芽胞。(3)对所鉴定的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组8种植物的识别特征、生境及其与相近种的关系进行了详细描述,并绘制了形态特征墨线图。     

Calymperes schmidtii Broth. in J. Schmidt and C. subintegrum Broth. in J. Schmidt,two distinct species from Malesia

Abstract

Calymperes schmidtii Broth. in J. Schmidt and C. subintegrum Broth. in J. Schmidt, hitherto regarded as conspecific, are shown to represent distinct species.     

Revision der Gattung Thysanomitrium Schwaegr. (Dicranaceae) in Südamerika.

Abstract

The differences between Thysanomitrium Schwaegr. and Campylopus Brid. are discussed and regarded as insignificant. Therefore the six Thysanomitrium species reported from South America in the Index Muscorum are critically revised. T. yunqueanum C. Müll. and T. miserum Broth. are synonyms of Campylopus richardii Brid., and T. schiffneri Broth. and T. arenaceum Broth. are placed in the genus Campylopus as new combinations. Also T. arenaceum is reported from a new locality in Brazil. No material could be found in herbaria of T. wainoi Broth. and T. gastrotis C. Müll.     

Clarification and review of Lepidopilum affine and L. grevilleanum (Callicostaceae)

Lepidopilum grevilleanum Mitt., long considered a synonym ofL. affine C. Müll., is a distinct and rare species of western Ecuador.Lepidopilum affine is widespread, presently known from the western and northern Amazon basin, Atlantic region of northern South America, and the Pacific coastal region of Central America. Several new synonyms are proposed forLepidopilum affine: L. allionii Broth.,L. ambiguum Broth.,L. antisanense Bartr.,L. mittenii C. Müll.,L. obtusulum C. Müll., andL. subobtusulum Broth.Lepidopilum pulcherrimum Steere is a synonym ofL. grevilleanum.     

Seed protein electrophoresis of some cultivated and wild species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium</Emphasis>

Seed protein profiles of 40 cultivated and wild taxa of Chenopodium have been compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative similarity between various taxa, estimated by Jaccard’s similarity index and clustered in UPGMA dendrogram, is generally in accordance with taxonomic position, crossability relationships and other biochemical characters. Eight accessions of C. quinoa studied are clustered together and show genetic similarity with closely related C. bushianum and C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae. The taxa included under C. album complex are clustered in two groups which show that these taxa are a heterogenous assemblage and their taxonomic affinities need a reassessment. Other wild species studied are placed in the dendrogram more or less according to their taxonomic position.     

A revision of the moss genus Gymnostomiella Fleisch.

Abstract

A taxonomic revision of the moss genus Gymnostomiella Fleisch. recognizes five species and one variety, viz. G. burmensis Bartr., G. erosulum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts, G. longinervis Broth., G. monodii P. Yarde, G. vernicosa (Harv.) Fleisch. var. vernicosa and G. vernicosa var. tenerum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts. Gymnostomiella tenerum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts is reduced to a variety of G. vernicosa and G. tanganyikae De Sloover is reduced to synonomy with G. erosulum.     

Morphology of Submerged Growth of Streptomycetes as a Taxonomic Aid: I. Morphological Development of Streptomyces aureofaciens in Agitated Liquid Media

In a study of the submerged growth morphology of 145 different streptomycetes in A C Broth, the species Streptomyces aureofaciens was observed to represent an unusual type. It was characterized by profuse mycelial segmentation, transformation of disarticulated fragments of segmented mycelium into chains of thickened arthrospores, and formation of filiform appendages on the arthrosporic cells giving an insectival appearance to these elements. This unusual morphology was determined to be a consistent feature in 110 strains of S. aureofaciens studied, hence suggesting a useful taxonomic aid in identification of this species. Preliminary studies of multiple strains of many different Streptomyces species indicate that other useful taxonomic features based on morphology of submerged growth are found in a significantly large part of the genus.     

A contribution to the knowledge of epiphyllous bryophytes of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), including additional remarks on non-epiphyllous species

Abstract

A collection of epiphyllous bryophytes from Bioko Island was investigated. It contained 57 epiphyllous bryophytes, comprising 55 hepatics and two mosses. Three taxa, Cololejeunea eustacei Pócs, Colura calderae Pócs and Lejeunea halei Robinson subsp. africana Pócs, are new to science. Cololejeunea papilliloba Steph. is new to Africa, five species of hepatics are new to West Africa, and an additional 31 species of hepatics are newly reported from Bioko Island. The second part of the paper deals with records of non-epiphyllous collections. Fourteen species are reported for the first time for Bioko Island. Actinodontium dusenii Broth. is made a synonym of Actinodontium streptopogoneum Broth. The following new combination is proposed: Wijkia rigidicaule (Müll.Hal. ex Broth.) Frank Müll., comb. nov. (Basionym: Acanthocladium rigidicaule Müll.Hal. ex Broth.).     

Notes on mosses from Ceylon and India, 7. Some species of Trichostomum

Abstract

Trichostomum bombayense C.M. is typified and T. cylindrotheca Mitt. reduced to synonymy under it. The records of Trichostomum species from Ceylon are critically examined and T. tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.) Lindb. removed from the Ceylon moss flora. Records of T. orthodontum (C.M.) Broth. and T. cuspidatum (D. & M.) D. & M. hitherto published are based on misidentifications, but new records are given of both. Differences between T. cuspidatum and T. stenophyllum (Mitt.) Broth., which latter binomial is not a homonym as Index Muscorum states, are dealt with and illustrated by S.E.M. photographs. T. stenophyllum is a good species which has been relegated to extraordinary synonymy in the past.     

Obituaries

Abstract

The history and nomenclatural problems of the name Limbella are reviewed, the correct citation of the generic name being Limbella (C. Muell.) Broth. The genus consists of two species, L. tricostata (Sull.) Broth. and L. fryei (R. S. Williams) Ochyra which are described. L. tricostata is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and L. fryei to Oregon on the Pacific coast of North America. Sporophytes are recorded for the first time in L. tricostata. The family relationships of Limbella are discussed and it is placed in the Thamnobryaceae, close to Thamnobryum.     

Is Oryza malampuzhaensis Krish. et Chand. (Poaceae) a valid species? Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

Phylogenetic relationship between O. malampuzhaensis Krish. et Chand. (2n = 4x = 48; Poaceae, Oryzeae), a South Indian endemic wild rice with a disputed taxonomic identity, and eight other species belonging to the O. officinalis complex of the genus Oryza was examined using 62 morphological characters and 445 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Multivariate and cluster analyses using both the data sets clearly separated all accessions of O. malampuzhaensis into a distinct group. Genetic distances between O. malampuzhaensis and other species in O. officinalis complex were comparable with the distance between any other two taxa with species rank in this complex. Case-by-case taxonomic treatment of O. malampuzhaensis in relation to other species examined is presented. A taxonomic key for the discrimination of O. malampuzhaensis from other species in the O. officinalis complex has been constructed. Based on the present results, we strongly argue to restore the species rank to O. malampuzhaensis, as originally proposed by Krishnaswamy and Chandrasekharan (1958).     

Chromosome numbers, karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents from perennial polyploid groups ofCerastium (Caryophyllaceae)

Somatic chromosome numbers have been determined for the followingCerastium taxa:C. eriophorum (2n = 36),C. alpinum (2n = 72),C. transsylvanicum (2n = 108),C. arcticum (2n = 108),C. latifolium (2n = 36),C. carinthiacum (2n = 36),C. banaticum (2n = 36),C. arvense subsp.glandulosum (2n = 36),C. arvense subsp.arvense (2n = 72) andC. fontanum (2n = 144). Karyotypes of three diploid species (C. eriophorum, C. banaticum andC. latifolium), belonging to three different taxonomic groups, were analysed and found to be similar. The relative nuclear DNA contents of all taxa were determined by flow cytometry and, for five species, also by Feulgen cytophotometry. The values obtained by the two methods are similar. A comparison of nuclear DNA contents among diploids shows that values differ significantly between different taxonomic groups, and are correlated with average chromosome size. Within closely related polyploid groups nuclear DNA amounts increase from 2x- to 4x- and 6x taxa as 1 : 1.4 : 2.4 in theC. alpinum complex, whereas DNA amounts are doubled comparing 2x- and 4x-subspecies in theC. arvense complex.     

SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE COREOPSIDINAE: CYTOTAXONOMY OF MEXICAN AND GUATEMALAN COSMOS

Correlated chromosomal and morphological data are presented for 25 Mexic n and Guatemalan species of Cosmos. A major evolutionary dichotomy is demonstrated among the perennial species. The rhizome-producing species become suffrutescent and have a base chromosome number of n = 11, while the species with fascicled, tuberous roots and strictly herbaceous habit all have a base number of n = 12. Several independently derived polyploid complexes are demonstrated within each of these series, and their taxonomic implications are discussed. Hybridization between C. carvifolius and C. linearifolius var. magnifolius is documented, and the taxonomic problems resulting from interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and tetraploid levels are pointed out.     

Craterellus fallax, a Black Trumpet mushroom from eastern North America with a broad host range

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences of members of the Craterellus cornucopioides complex (Black Trumpet mushrooms) supports the taxonomic separation of Craterellus fallax apart from C. cornucopioides, with which it has been synonymized in the past. Examination of Pinus virginiana ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips and sequence comparison with other insufficiently identified environmental sequences from roots of Tsuga, Quercus, and possibly Castanea supports a broad host range in North America for the ECM symbiont C. fallax. This is the first molecular confirmation of an ECM symbiont with P. virginiana, which associates with a wide diversity of ECM fungi, and the first report of a Cantharellaceae symbiont with this tree, an eastern North American two-needled pine. Three unique species in the C. cornucopioides complex are recovered based on phylogenetic analysis: C. fallax, C. cornucopioides, and an unidentified Craterellus species similar to C. fallax but smaller in stature with smaller spores.     

Species delimitation of the white‐tailed rubythroat Calliope pectoralis complex (Aves,Muscicapidae) using an integrative taxonomic approach

Our knowledge of the systematics and taxonomy of Asian birds has improved much in the last two decades, and the number of recognised species has increased significantly as a result of in‐depth studies using an integrative taxonomic approach. The Sino‐Himalayan mountains harbor a high level of passerine diversity. Several allopatric or parapatric taxa that are currently treated as subspecies of polytypic species within that region are likely to deserve full species status, and thus their taxonomic status needs to be revisited. Based on analyses of multilocus data, vocalizations and morphology, we propose that the white‐tailed rubythroat Calliope pectoralis should be treated as two species, the Himalayan rubythroat C. pectoralis sensu stricto in the Tian Shan and Himalayan mountains, and the Chinese rubythroat C. tschebaiewi in the mountains of southwestern and north‐central China. According to our dating analyses based on mitochondrial loci, these two species diverged approximately 2.2 million yr ago. We further found that C. tschebaiewi was paraphyletic to C. pectoralis sensu stricto in nuclear data, which demonstrates a state of mitonuclear discordance that warrants further work. Our results suggest that geographic changes and glacial cycles in the Pleistocene may have caused allopatric divergence in the C. pectoralis complex. Our study stresses the importance of applying an integrative taxonomy approach to fully unravel the true avian diversity in the Sino‐Himalayan Mountains.     

Using macroclimatic models to estimate the distribution ranges of taxonomically challenging taxa,an example with Macromitrium cavaleriei Cardot & Thér. (Orthotrichaceae)

An expanded taxonomic study of the narrowly understood Macromitrium cavaleriei Cardot & Thér. identified four new synonyms, M. cancellatum Y.X.Xiong, M. giraldii var. acrophylloides Müll.Hal., M. handelii Broth. and M. rigbyanum Dixon. With the discovery of the new synonyms, the range of M. cavaleriei is extended to India, Nepal, South Korea and Vietnam. To determine the potential distribution range of the species, we described its macroclimatic niche from its extant distribution with the maximum entropy algorithm modelling program (Maxent), contrasting the impact of different geographic backgrounds on the models. We found that the potential range of the species included central, southern, southwestern China to northern Vietnam, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal and India, and northwards to Japan and the Korean Peninsula. This estimation of the potential distribution range is largely confirmed by the herbarium specimens. The predicted climate suitability for M. cavaleriei is higher in the areas where the annual temperature range is about 26°C and precipitation during the warmest quarter, wettest quarter and month, and driest month are 500–600 mm, 500 mm, 200–210 mm, and 50 mm, respectively.     

The species of Ceramium (Ceramiaceae,Rhodophyta) around Taiwan

A taxonomic study was recently carried out on the species of Ceramium occurring around Taiwan. One hundred and fifty-one collections were made from January 1993 through spring 1994 at 75 sites distributed around the island. A total of thirteen species were found, including three for which names cannot currently be assigned: Ceramium aduncum, C. ciliatum, C. cimbricum, C. cliftonianum, C. flaccidum, C. gracillimum var. byssoideum, C. mazatlanense, C. nakamurai, C. paniculatum, C. tenerrimum and unidentified species 1, 2 and 3. Among these are three new records for Taiwan, C. cimbricum, C. cliftonianum, and C. mazatlanense. This paper summarizes the taxonomic characters of these species and presents a key for their identification. Distribution records of all 42 species reported from the tropical western Pacific are compared. This report is the first detailed record of the genus for Taiwan.