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1.
抗正亮氨酸的单倍体烟草突变细胞系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由花药培养得来的单倍体烟草叶片发生愈伤组织。把悬浮培养5天的细胞团用1%EMS处理2小时。用逐步提高浓度(0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0和1.5毫克分子浓度)的正亮氨酸(NL)选择,建立了抗正亮氨酸的单倍体烟草突变细胞系(W02)。它离开选择剂转移培养29代(经历了23个月)之后,抗性仍然保持。它对4-氧赖氨酸或α-甲基色氨酸不表现交义抗性。它的游离蛋氨酸含量是其野生型的3倍以上。此外,它的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带活性呈现变异。从愈伤组织分化出再生植株,其染色体数目仍属单倍性。 相似文献
2.
在MDA或PNA培养基上,用单孢分离物在试管中进行配对,观测菌丝体上的锁状联合和子实体的形成情况,判定单孢菌株间的亲和性;研究了2个刺芹侧耳菌株PE-11、PE-12和1个糙皮侧耳菌株PO-02的交配系统,以及3个菌株间的亲缘关系;结果表明刺芹侧耳和糙皮侧耳是双因子交配系统。这是一个测定侧耳属的交配系统的新方法。 相似文献
3.
试管出菇法测定刺芹侧耳的交配系统 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在MDA或PNA培养基上,用单孢分离物在试管中进行配对,观测菌丝体上的锁状联合和子实体的形成情况,判定单孢菌株间的亲和性;研究了2个刺芹侧耳菌株PE-11、PE-12和1个糙皮侧耳菌株PO-02的交配系统,以及3个菌株间的亲缘关系;结果表明刺芹侧耳和糙皮侧耳是双因子交配系统。这是一个测定侧耳属的交配系统的新方法。 相似文献
4.
严格的讲 ,单倍体是指体细胞中仅含有 1个染色体组的个体。然而 ,高等生物多为二倍体 ,其配子只含有 1个染色体组 ,因而由配子形成的个体亦可以称为单倍体。由于自然界先有单倍体 ,后有二倍体 ,因此 ,根据系统演化 ,单倍体可以分为原生的和次生的两类。1 原生的单倍体原生的单倍体是指由单倍性的孢子发育而成的个体 ,包括细菌、真菌、藻类植物、苔鲜植物的叶状体和茎叶体以及蕨类植物的原叶体等。这类单倍体不仅可以独立生活 ,而且主要借助无性生殖繁衍后代 ,诸如细菌的分裂生殖、酵母的出芽生殖、丝状真菌和藻类的断裂生殖以及苔藓、蕨类… 相似文献
5.
获得产腺苷甲硫氨酸的二倍体酿酒酵母CGMCC 2842遗传育种单倍体亲本。采用不同产孢培养基考察了酿酒酵母的产孢率,并对酿酒酵母CGMCC 2842进行了生孢培养分离子囊孢子得到单倍体菌株,确定单倍体配型,测定不同单倍体菌株腺苷甲硫氨酸含量。从分离的七株单倍体菌株(6株a型和1株α型)中筛选出一株产腺苷甲硫氨酸较高的a配型的单倍体菌株,经250 m L摇瓶发酵48 h后产腺苷甲硫氨酸1.10 g/L。筛选得到了一株产腺苷甲硫氨酸较高a型的单倍体菌株,为菌株的进一步遗传育种改良和腺苷甲硫氨酸微生物发酵法规模化生产奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
啤酒酵母工业菌株单倍体的诱导、分离和鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】探索适宜的方法进行啤酒酵母工业菌株单倍体的诱导、分离和鉴定,为啤酒酵母改良和遗传学研究提供便利。【方法】首先,选择产孢效果最好的培养基进行产孢诱导,诱导产生的孢子在YPD培养基上形成菌落后,用流式细胞技术检测其DNA含量,进而判断其倍性;单倍体菌株的交配型通过MAT-PCR和杂交实验确定。【结果】啤酒酵母工业菌G-03通过产孢诱导和孢子分离、富集后得到26株菌,最终通过流式细胞技术确定了其中4株为单倍体,MATa和MATα型各2株。通过扫描电镜法观察4株单倍体菌株及出发菌G-03的细胞形态,发现单倍体菌株的形态和出发菌有较大区别,单倍体菌株长期培养没有假丝生长的现象发生。【结论】啤酒酵母工业菌单倍体育种较为困难,严格的单倍体筛选、鉴定尤其具有挑战性。 相似文献
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单倍体培养是快速获得菊科纯合系的重要途径。目前已进行单倍体研究的菊科植物共有13个种,其中9个已成功获得单倍体植株。菊科中诱导单倍体的途径有花药培养、小孢子培养、离体雌核培养、远源杂交和辐射花粉诱导单倍体。本文详细论述了不同外植体发育时期、预处理、培养基、培养条件等因素对单倍体植株诱导再生的影响。对菊科植物单倍体诱导的几种途径进行对比总结,指出研究中存在的问题并提出思路和建议。 相似文献
10.
原生质体分离和培养的实验技术的建立和发展,使植物生物工程学具有特殊的吸引力。单倍体原生质体与亚原生质体在遗传上的特殊意义,使一些作者在原生质体培养技术刚建立时就引起了很大的关注。单倍体原生质体的来 相似文献
11.
Variation in the number of nuclei and cellular ploidy were observed in eight strains ofHelicobasidium mompa. The basidiospores, single-spore isolates and field-isolated strains were all dikaryons. The cellular ploidy, which was assessed
by analyzing the fluorescence emitted by DAPI-stained nuclei, was unstable: monokaryotic strains derived from the original
dikaryotic strains by successive subcultures were mainly tetraploid, although the original dikaryon was in most cases diploid.
On the other hand, a dikaryotic strain derived by treatment with benomyl was haploid. These results suggest that diploid dikaryon
is a normal nuclear phase ofH. mompa in nature, and the alternation of ploidy may be due to a feature of the mating system of this fungus. 相似文献
12.
C. E. Hernández-Luna G. Gutiérrez-Soto S. M. Salcedo-Martínez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(4):465-473
A survey to isolate native white rot basidiomycetes from Northeast Mexico was conducted in the forests of the Sierra Madre
Oriental in the state of Nuevo León. A total of 92 isolates from at least 20 different genera, were screened on Bran-Flakes
solid plate cultures for the production of ligninolytic oxidases and/or peroxidases with guaiacol and o-anisidine as substrates;
their lignin depolymerizing potential using the polymeric dye Poly R 478; their ability to decolorize anthraquinonic (Remazol
Brilliant Blue Reactive), azo (Acid Red 44) and triphenylmethane (Crystal Violet) dyes. Among all fungi tested, 15 isolates
showed extensive decolorization of the three dyes within a week and gave a positive reaction in guaiacol and o-anisidine tests.
Nine of them were also efficient degraders of Poly R-478. Two isolates (CS5 and CU1) showed decolorization of all dyes within
5 days, comparing favorably with reference strains of P. chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Bjerkandera adusta. Decolorization was associated with laccase activity in both isolates and reached 90% or more for all dyes within 24 h in
8-day-old liquid cultures. The coupling of pairs 2,4-dichlorophenol + 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid + 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone
hydrazone, strongly suggest that the laccases of both strains correspond to those considered of high redox potential. These
strains are considered good candidates for bioremediation of dye polluted effluents due to their ligninolytic potential and
decolorizing performance. 相似文献
13.
Bhavna Gupta B. P. Niranjan Reddy Anil S. Kotasthane 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(1):1-9
Existence of variability in morphological traits and growth rate of mycelium of homokaryotic single basidiospores can be exploited
for the development of inter-strainal hybrids. We isolated 182 single basidiospores from mushroom bodies of P. sajor-caju, P. florida, P. eous and one wild relative of Pleurotus called Hypsizygus
ulmaris. The single spores were isolated using a new technique that is less prone to contamination and more efficient than the common
techniques used by earlier workers. All the isolates showed a varied range of cultural morphology. Mating types of all the
isolates within the species were identified on the basis of hyphal fusion via anastomosis with the tester strains. Four compatible
pairs of isolates with well prominent tuft in the contact zone were selected for dikaryon isolation. Dikaryons were used for
spawn preparation and mushroom cultivation. The dikaryotic isolates with their replicates were evaluated for spawn run period,
yield and biological efficiency. 42 isolates (10 di- and 32 mono-karyotic isolates) were analyzed with RAPD genetic markers.
Phenotypic characters and mating types of all the 42 isolates analyzed genetically were correlated with their genetic polymorphism
data. The isolates showed very large diversity both at the phenotypic and the genotypic level. Available phenotypic and genotypic
data can further help in the selection of monosporous isolates for developing inter-strainal hybrids which can lead to better
prospects for genetic improvement in different species of Pleurotus. 相似文献
14.
Norihiro Shimomura Shigeyuki Murakami Teruyuki Matsumoto Nitaro Maekawa Kozaburo Hasebe 《Mycoscience》2007,48(2):117-121
To obtain a homothallic mutant in Lentinula edodes, basidiospores derived from the common Bmut dikaryon (A1B1mut × A2B1mut) were treated with UV irradiation. Of a total of approximately 5000 monosporous cultures recovered, a single basidiospore
isolate was found to produce the hyphae bearing clamp connections without mating. This mutant strain could form fruit bodies,
and all its single basidiospore isolates developed into colonies with clamp connections. Such homothallic behaviors were transmitted
from the mutant strain to the next generation. During the germination and following hyphal elongation in a single basidiospore
of mutant strain, clamp connections were clearly detected in multicellular hyphae, which contained two nuclei in each cell.
Their clamp connections were morphologically variable, viz., pseudo, abnormal, and true clamps. Amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP) profiles among the basidiospore isolates of mutant strain were identical, indicating that the mutant strain
produced isogenic basidiospore progeny.
Contribution no. 385 from the Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
15.
All five examined strains ofCoprinus cinereus could be clearly discriminated from the strains of five otherCoprinus species by RAPD patterns with 12 of 13 primers. Also one specimen of unknownCoprinus strain was identified to beC. cinereus by this method. The RAPD patterns were similar among the strains in the same species; many common DNA fragments were recognized
as well as some strain-specific DNA fragments. Thus all seven strains ofC. cinereus and all four strains ofC. angulatus examined could be distinguished individually. Diakryotic strains showed the combined RAPD patterns of the two monokaryotic
strains constituting the dikaryon. The combined RAPD markers observed in the dikaryons were segregated in their basidiospore
progeny. All 18 randomly picked progeny showed different combinations of RAPD markers from the parental strains. 相似文献
16.
Pathogenic development ofUstilago maydis, the causative agent of corn smut disease, is a multistep process. Compatible yeast-like cells fuse and this generates the infectious dikaryon which grows filamentously. Having entered the plant the dikaryon induces tumors in its host in which massive proliferation of fungal material, karyogamy and spore formation occur. In order to follow fungal development from the initial steps to the final stage we have expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fromAequorea victoria as a vital marker inU. maydis and demonstrate that GFP-tagged strains can be used to study host-pathogen interactions in vivo. 相似文献
17.
Fungus strains designated asFusarium sambucinum, F. torulosum, orFusarium sp. nov. were crossed withMAT1-1 andMAT1–2 tester strains ofGibberella pulicaris. Of the 40 field strains that were crossed with the tester strains, 13 strains produced fertile crosses and 27 strains did not produce fertile crosses. One strain designated asF. torulosum was fertile with a tester strain ofG. pulicaris, suggesting that this is an intraspecies cross and that the strain isG. pulicaris, and, consequently,F. sambucinum rather thanF. torulosum. The lack of fertile crosses between tester strains and 27 of the 40 field strains suggests that these strains are notG. pulicaris. Although the ability to form a fully fertile cross with a tester strain can determine the species of a fertile strain, it is more problematic to exclude a strain only because it is infertile. 相似文献
18.
The sexually compatible strains ofCoprinus cinereus 5302 and Dd 13 revealed chromosome length polymorphisms in their electrophoretic karyotypes. The dikaryon derived from two monokaryons contained a mixture of the two electrophoretic patterns. F1 progenies were isolated by crossingC. cinereus 5302 and Dd 13 strains and it showed unique karyotypes. Chromosome length polymorphisms of both parental strains were inherited at random in the F1 progenies. As a result, several novel electrophoretic karyotypes which had not been observed in either parental strains were found in the F1 progeny. The rDNA probe hybridized with one chromosome in both parental strains, with two chromosomes in the hybridization pattern of both parental strains in the dikaryon, and with one to two chromosomes in the F1 progenies. The relation between mating type and hybridization pattern has thus not been made clear in the case of F1 progeny. 相似文献
19.
Jurjevic Z Wilson DM Wilson JP Geiser DM Juba JH Mubatanhema W Widstrom NW Rains GC 《Mycopathologia》2005,159(3):401-406
This study was designed to identify and compare the Fusarium species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) and corn (Zea mays L.) crops grown in southern Georgia, and to determine their influence on potential fumonisin production. Pearl millet and corn samples were collected in Georgia in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Three percent of the pearl millet seeds had fungi similar to the Fusarium species of the G. fujikuroi species complex. One hundred and nineteen representative isolates visually similar to the G. fujikuroi species complex from pearl millet were paired with mating population A (Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg), mating population D (F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg) and mating population F (F. thapsinum (Klittich, Leslie, Nelson and Marasas) tester strains. Successful crosses were obtained with 50.4%, 10.1% and 0.0% of these isolates with the A, D and F tester strains, while 39.5 of the isolates did not form perithecia with any tester strains. Two of the typical infertile isolates were characterized by DNA sequence comparisons and were identified as Fusarium pseudonygamai (Nirenberg and ODonnell), which is the first known isolation of this species in the United States. Based on the pattern of cross-compatibility, conidiogenesis, colony characteristics and media pigmentation, a majority of the infertile isolates belong to this species. Fumonisins FB1 and FB2 were not detected in any of the 81 pearl millet samples analyzed. The species of the G. fujikuroi species complex were dominant in corn and were isolated from 84%, 74% and 65% of the seed in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Representative species of the G. fujikuroi species complex were isolated from 1996 to 1998 Georgia corn survey (162, 104 and 111 isolates, respectively) and tested for mating compatibility. The incidence of isolates belonging to mating population A (F. verticillioides) ranged from 70.2% to 89.5%. Corn survey samples were assayed for fumonisins, and 63% to 91% of the 1996, 1997 and 1998 samples were contaminated. The total amount of fumonisins in the corn samples ranged from 0.6 to 33.3 g/g. 相似文献
20.
Three intersterility groups ofArmillaria mellea sensu lato were discovered by examining all pairwise combinations of monosporous isolates of basidiomes collected in Hokkaido. One of them, group IV, was identified asA. sinapina by mating it with tester strains. Two new species, groups III and V, were namedA. jezoensis andA. singula, respectively. Their morphological forms and the ecology of their basidiomes are described. 相似文献