低温纤维素酶菌株CNY086选育及发酵培养基优化(Ⅱ)

自渤海湾海泥中分离21株低温纤维素酶产生菌。其中菌株CNY01为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride), 酶活力为67.30 U/mL。以该菌株为出发菌株, 经UV、DES等诱变, 选育出高产突变菌株CNY086, 酶活力为92.17 U/mL。该突变菌株低温纤维素酶发酵具有遗传稳定性。通过单因素和正交实验确定突变菌株CNY086低温纤维素酶发酵最适培养基: 秸秆粉1.20%、麸皮0.70%、硫酸铵0.50%、磷酸二氢钾0.55%, 上述条件下CNY086菌株酶活力达到108.55 U/mL。     

一株产几丁质酶菌株的筛选及其产酶条件的研究

采用平板透明圈法从土壤中分离筛选到一株产几丁质酶放线菌株L12,用250mL摇瓶发酵初筛和复筛,酶活力为0.63U/mL。通过产酶条件实验,初步确定了该菌株较适产酶培养基和摇瓶发酵条件。条件优化后,30℃、250mL摇瓶发酵48h,几丁质酶活力达到1.06U/mL。     

一株纤维素降解菌的分离、鉴定及对 玉米秸秆的降解特性

[目的]获得高产纤维素酶细菌菌株,探讨以氨化预处理玉米秸秆为底物时的纤维素酶产酶特性及底物降解特性,探讨纤维素酶作用机理,提高玉米秸秆利用率.[方法]用LB培养基分离并纯化菌株,羧甲基纤维素钠培养基培养、刚果红染色进行初步筛选.考察氨化预处理对底物降解率、产酶能力的影响.通过形态特征观察及16S rRNA、Biolog鉴定菌株.[结果]分离到一株高效纤维素降解菌NH11,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis). 30℃、发酵5d时,预处理前后玉米秸秆降解率分别为14.24％和24.73％.30℃、pH 7.2时,处理组CMC酶活力峰值处为153.84 U/mL,FPA酶活力为197.24 U/mL,比未处理组分别高出11.45％和10.59％.[结论]NH11具有较高的纤维素酶产酶能力,氨化预处理能够提高菌株对玉米秸秆的降解率.该菌株在秸秆堆肥、制作食用菌培养基和制取反刍动物粗饲料方面具有很高的应用价值.     

厌氧菌群SVY42产酶条件分析及产木聚糖酶菌株的分离鉴定

以美国内华达州大盆地温泉采集样品为材料,富集获得纤维素及半纤维素高效稳定降解厌氧菌群SVY42,以巨菌草、甘蔗渣、废菇筒、羧甲基纤维素钠、滤纸、木聚糖为碳源,分析菌群SVY42产内切葡聚糖酶(CMC酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶的情况。在此基础上,以木聚糖为底物筛选高产木聚糖酶的菌株。菌群SVY42在以巨菌草作为碳源时的β-葡萄糖苷酶活最高为0.23 U/mL,以木聚糖作为碳源时CMC酶活和木聚糖酶活均为最高,分别为0.31 U/mL和0.35 U/mL。从菌群SVY42中筛选得到1株高产木聚糖酶厌氧菌株SVY42-1,该菌在最适温度41℃和pH 8.0条件下,其木聚糖酶活力为0.26 U/mL,对其进行16S rDNA序列系统进化分析,SVY42-1与已知菌株的最高同源性仅为93.81%,初步鉴定属于新属。     

产黄曲霉毒素B1降解酶菌株的筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化

以香豆素为唯一碳源筛选到27株能高效降解黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的微生物菌株.用高效液相色谱检测AFB1含量的方法进行AFB1降解酶活力测定.以不同菌株发酵上清液中AFB1降解酶活力高低为复筛条件,筛选到AFB1降解酶活力最高的一株菌并命名为HSD8.该菌株经形态学、生理生化及系统发育学方法鉴定为Sinomonas sp..筛选所得最优菌株的发酵上清液中酶活达443 U/mL,通过单因素试验对其产酶发酵条件进行优化,以提高酶活.优化所得最佳发酵条件为:装液量50 mL/250 mL,发酵周期48 h,初始pH 5.0,接种量8％,发酵温度37℃,摇床转速160r/min.在最佳发酵条件下,该菌株发酵上清液中酶活可达548 U/mL,比优化前提高23.7％.优选菌株HSD8在生物降解黄曲霉毒素B1方面具有应用潜力,值得进一步研究开发.     

诱变选育脂肪酶高产菌株及其酶学性质

面包干酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为出发菌株,对其进行紫外和微波复合诱变,得高产突变菌株DX213,高产突变菌株酶活力为635 U/mL,为出发菌株的1.69倍。菌株富集培养5代,遗传性状稳定。DX213菌株的最优产脂肪酶条件为:培养温度30℃和培养液pH 7.5。酶学性质研究表明:脂肪酶的最适温度40℃、最适pH为7.5、脂肪酶在40℃以下稳定。Fe3+离子对脂肪酶有激活效应,当Fe3+离子浓度为0.03 g/mL时,脂肪酶酶活力高达720 U/mL。     

棉秸秆降解高温菌株的筛选及产酶分析

从新疆地区分离具有降解棉秸秆纤维素功能的菌株,得到4株耐高温真菌(50°C)。纤维素酶学性质分析表明,该4株菌的纤维素酶具有良好的耐酸性(最适pH为4.5)和耐高温性(最高达60°C)。以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、微结晶纤维素、棉花、滤纸、淀粉、果胶为底物测定酶活力,滤纸酶活力(FPA)最高达2.63 U/mL、淀粉酶活力最高达6.17 U/mL、果胶酶活力最高达5.86 U/mL。4株真菌酶学特性分析表明,该系列菌株在秸秆生物质利用方面有很大的应用潜力。     

一株高产琼胶酶海洋细菌的筛选与鉴定

从广东省南澳岛采集龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis),分离海洋来源的琼胶酶产生菌,并对其进行分类鉴定,为琼胶酶的开发利用奠定基础。利用4种不同的筛选培养基分离产琼胶酶的菌株,通过形态、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行鉴定并构建系统发育树,通过DNS法测定琼胶酶活力,研究菌株所产琼胶酶的类型,对菌株的生长曲线及发酵产酶曲线进行初步测定。结果显示,分离得到一株高产琼胶酶的菌株ZQM2017,该菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,16S rRNA基因序列分析显示该菌株属于弧菌属(Vibrio sp.),结合形态特征和生理生化实验结果鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus);可同时产α-琼胶酶与β-琼胶酶;该菌株在液体培养基中28℃,180 r/min振荡培养时,其对数期出现在3-9 h,发酵5 h即有明显产酶,当发酵至46 h,所产琼胶酶活力达到最高109.87 U/mL发酵液。从南澳岛龙须菜上自主分离筛选得到的海洋细菌ZQM2017,经鉴定命名为Vibrio alginolyticus ZQM2017,可同时分泌α-琼胶酶和β-琼胶酶,所产琼胶酶初始活力高达109.87 U/mL。     

烟曲霉A-16产纤维素酶工艺优化及酶学特性北大核心CSCD

分离筛选高效降解稻草的菌株,研究菌株产纤维素酶工艺条件及酶学性质。采用刚果红染色法从腐败木质下的土壤中分离筛选到一株产纤维素酶菌株,结合菌株的形态特征和18S rDNA序列同源性比较进行鉴定;通过单因素试验和响应面分析法确定菌株最适产酶条件,并对纤维素酶的稳定性进行研究。分离纯化得到的菌株命名为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus A-16);响应面实验结果表明,最优产纤维素酶工艺参数为:稻草粉添加量7 g/100 mL,pH 6.0,温度65℃,发酵时间5 d;在此最优条件下,该菌产生的羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)和滤纸酶(FPA)活力分别为2 954.76 U/mL和1 086.37 U/mL;其总活力较优化前提高了26.4%。该纤维素酶的适宜反应温度为70℃,适宜pH 6.0。在80℃热处理90 min条件下酶活力可保持在80%以上,说明该酶热稳定性较好。同时,在pH 5.0-7.0范围内比较稳定,放置1 d后可保持70%以上的酶活力。该研究可为利用富含纤维素的生物质原料开发洁净能源及食品级葡萄糖资源提供了基础支撑。     

酸性土壤中高效半纤维素降解菌的筛选与鉴定

【目的】筛选能够适应南方酸性土壤的高效半纤维素降解菌株,并进行鉴定,确定菌株的安全性。【方法】采用半纤维素平板水解圈法和胞外酶测定法进行菌株筛选,通过拮抗实验构建复合微生物菌系。利用培养特征、形态学、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法进行菌株鉴定。【结果】筛选出效果稳定,互不拮抗的高效半纤维素降解放线菌4株(NA9、NA10、NA12和NA13),半纤维素酶活分别为:217.6、229.8、221.1和211.8 U/mL。真菌2株NF1和NF7,半纤维素酶活为217.7和244.2 U/mL。复合微生物菌系半纤维素酶活可达299.0 U/mL。经鉴定菌株NA9、NA10、NA12和NA13为链霉菌中的哥斯达黎加链霉菌(Streptomyces costaricanus)。菌株NF1为亮白曲霉(Aspergillus candidus),菌株NF7为黄蓝状菌(Tarlaromyces flavus)。     

响应面法优化灰色链霉菌产纤维素酶的工艺研究

以灰色链霉菌为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法试验,优化灰色链霉菌产纤维素酶活性的发酵条件。结果表明,单因素试验灰色链霉菌产纤维素酶活性的最适发酵条件:碳源为CMC-Na,氮源为明胶,温度为28℃,pH为7.0,转速为130 r/min。响应面法试验优化灰色链霉菌产纤维素酶活性最佳发酵条件为:温度27.7℃,pH值6.9,转数130.3 r/min,在此优化条件下,灰色链霉菌产纤维素平均酶活性为6.103 U/mL(n=3),与模型的预测值(6.217 U/mL)比较接近,误差为1.83%,证明了该响应面模型具有可靠性。     

Low-molecular-weight thiols in streptomycetes and their potential role as antioxidants.

The intracellular low-molecular-weight thiols present in five gram-positive Streptomyces species and one Flavobacterium species were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after fluorescence labeling with monobromobimane. Bacteria were chosen to include penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam producers and nonproducers. No significant amount of glutathione was found in any of the streptomycetes. Major intracellular thiols in all strains examined were cysteine, coenzyme A, sulfide, thiosulfate, and an unknown thiol designated U17. Those streptomycetes that make beta-lactam antibiotics also produce significant amounts of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV), a key intermediate in their biosynthesis. In Streptomyces clavuligerus, a potent producer of beta-lactams, the level of ACV was low during the early phase of growth and increased rapidly toward the end of exponential growth, paralleling that of antibiotic production. These and other observations indicate that ACV does not function as a protective thiol in streptomycetes. U17 may have this role since it was the major thiol in all streptomycetes and appeared to occur at levels about 10-fold higher than those of the other thiols measured, including ACV. Purification and amino acid analysis of U17 indicated that it contains cysteine and an unusual amine that is not one of the common amino acids. This thiol is identical to an unknown thiol found previously in Micrococcus roseus and Streptomyces griseus. A high level of ergothioneine was found in Streptomyces lactamdurans, and several unidentified thiols were detected in this and other streptomycetes.     

Standard karyotype of Triticum umbellulatum and the characterization of derived chromosome addition and translocation lines in common wheat

A standard karyotype and a generalized idiogram of Triticum umbellulatum (syn. Aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14) was established based on C-banding analysis of ten accessions of different geographic origin and individual T. umbellulatum chromosomes in T. aestivum — T. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines. Monosomic (MA) and disomic (DA) T. aestivum — T. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines (DA1U = B, DA2U = D, MA4U = F, DA5U = C, DA6U = A, DA7U = E = G) and telosomic addition lines (DA1US, DA1UL, DA2US, DA2UL, DA4UL, MA5US, (+ iso 5US), DA5UL, DA7US, DA7UL) were analyzed. Line H was established as a disomic addition line for the translocated wheat — T. umbellulatum chromosome T2DS·4US. Radiation-induced wheat — T. umbellulatum translocation lines resistant to leaf rust (Lr9) were identified as T40 = T6BL·6BS-6UL, T41 = T4BL·4BS-6UL, T44 = T2DS·2DL-6UL, T47 = Transfer = T6BS·6BL-6UL and T52 = T7BL·7BS-6UL. Breakpoints and sizes of the transferred T. umbellulatum segments in these translocations were determined by in situ hybridization analysis using total genomic T. umbellulatum DNA as a probeContribution no. 94-349-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA     

链霉菌11371基因工程宿主菌的确定

为消除链霉菌11371内源性质粒对pIJ702的限制,以提高pIJ702转化率,确定11371基因工程宿主菌。采用种内接合转移的方法对链霉菌11371衍生菌U3和P2、P5、P7进行内源性质粒的消除。获得接合转移子U3-P7-6,具有转化外源质粒的能力,转化率为17～20个/100个菌,为链霉菌11371转化体系构建、克隆基因结构、功能鉴定和基因定位等研究提供生物材料。     

Contractile effects of 15-E2t-isoprostane and 15-F2t-isoprostane on chicken embryo ductus arteriosus

Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are prostaglandin (PG)-like compounds produced nonenzymatically by free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonate. Cyclooxygenase-derived PGs play a major role in ductus arteriosus (DA) homeostasis but the putative role of IsoPs has not been studied so far. We investigated, using wire myography, the vasoactive effects of 15-E(2t)-IsoP and 15-F(2t)-IsoP in the chicken embryo DA, pulmonary artery (PA) and femoral artery (FA). 15-E(2t)-IsoP and 15-F(2t)-IsoP contracted DA, PA, and FA rings in a concentration-dependent manner. 15-E(2t)-IsoP was equally efficacious (mean±SE E(max)=1.25±0.06 mN/mm) as and more potent (-log of molar concentration producing 50% of E(max)=pEC(50)=7.00±0.04) than the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor agonist U46619 (E(max)=1.49±0.11 mN/mm; pEC(50)=6.48±0.05) in contracting chicken DA (pulmonary side). 15-F(2t)-IsoP was less potent (pEC(50)=5.74±0.11) and less efficacious (E(max)=0.96±0.11) than U46619. Concentration-dependent contractions to 15-E(2t)-IsoP and U46619 in DA rings were competitively inhibited by the TP receptor antagonist SQ29548 (0.1 μM to 10 μM) with no decrease in the E(max) values. SQ29548 also inhibited concentration-dependent contraction to 15-F(2t)-IsoP but this inhibition was associated with a decrease in E(max). Pre-incubation of DA rings with 15-F(2t)-IsoP inhibited responses to U46619 and, in vessels contracted with U46619 (1 μM), 15-F(2t)-IsoP (>1 μM) evoked a relaxant response. Enzyme immunoassay did not show a measurable release of 15-F(2t)-IsoP by DA rings. In conclusion, 15-E(2t)-IsoP is a potent and efficacious constrictor of chicken DA, acting through TP receptors. In contrast, 15-F(2t)-IsoP is probably acting as a partial agonist at TP receptors. We speculate that IsoPs play a role in the control of chicken DA tone and could participate in its closure.     

变铅青链霉菌异柠檬酸脱氢酶的异源表达及序列分析

通过同源性引物成功扩增和克隆了变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans)TK54的异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase, IDH) (简称SlIDH)基因icd (GenBank登录号为EU661252).icd的起始密码子为GTG,GC含量为69.55 %,显示了链霉菌基因的高GC含量特征,实现了SlIDH在E.coli中的异源高效表达.0.5 mmol/L的IPTG为最佳诱导条件.SlIDH的分子量约为80 kD.在Mn~(2+)或Mg~(2+)条件下,SlIDH以NADP~+为辅酶时的活性分别为7.94 U/mg及4.00 U/mg,以NAD~+为辅酶时的活性分别为0.58 U/mg及0.27 U/mg,SlIDH更偏爱以NADP~+为辅酶.与不同种属单体IDH的氨基酸序列比对显示,SlIDH与单体IDH的序列一致性均在60 %以上.因此本工作首次以实验性证据初步鉴定了SlIDH为NADP-依赖型单体IDH.本工作为进一步探索单体IDH的结构与功能以及单体IDH与同源二聚体IDH的进化关系奠定了基础.     

Uranium and lead accumulation in cells of Streptomyces sp.

Lead and uranium were accumulated equally well both in the viable and dry biomass of Streptomyces sp. The process occurred in less than 5 min. Uranium was accumulated selectively from a polymetallic solution containing U, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co. The optimum pH for the process was 5.0, and the concentration of each metal in the solution was 10(-3) M. Under these conditions, the dry biomass of Streptomyces amounting to 1 mg/cm3 accumulated over 60% of the uranium in the solution. With the same amount of cell wall preparation it was possible to remove from the solution ca. 90% of U. In this case, the accumulated uranium reached 21% of the sorbent dry mass. Electron micrographs show that lead accumulated in Streptomyces cells is mainly concentrated in the cell wall structures although in the case of uranium this is not so clear.     

Thermophilic protease production by Streptomyces sp. 594 in submerged and solid-state fermentations using feather meal

AIMS: Protease production by Streptomyces sp. 594 in submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using feather meal, an industrial poultry residue, and partial characterization of the crude enzyme. METHODS AND RESULTS: Streptomyces sp. 594 produced proteases in SF (7.2 +/- 0.2 U ml(-1)) and SSF (15.5 +/- 0.41 U g(-1)), with pH increase in both media. Considering protease activity, values obtained in the liquid extract after SSF (6.3 +/- 0.17 U ml(-1)) were lower than those from SF. The proteases, which belong to serine and metalloproteinase classes, were active over a wide range of pH (5.0-10.0) and high temperatures (55-80 degrees C). Strain 594 was also able to degrade feather in agar and liquid media. Keratinase activity (80 U l(-1)) also confirmed the keratin degrading capacity of this streptomycete. CONCLUSIONS: Proteases produced using residues from poultry industry have shown interesting properties for industrial purposes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: As far as we are concerned, this is the first contribution towards the production of thermophilic protease by a streptomycete in SSF using a keratinous waste.     

基因组重排与传统育种相结合选育大观霉素高产菌株

以壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis)为研究对象,采用基因组重排技术与传统诱变育种相结合的方法选育大观霉素的高产菌株.通过原生质体紫外诱变获得壮观链霉菌突变体群体,高产突变菌株间进行两轮的基因组重排,筛选的高产菌株用NTG诱变得新霉素和链霉素的抗性突变菌株,抗性突变菌株间进行两轮基因组重排,从...     

Characterization and identification of chitinase producing Streptomyces venezuelae P10

In an attempt to isolate chitinase producers from soil, a streptomycete strain was found potent using natural chitin as the substrate. Chitinolytic activity was tested directly on agar plates, also with crude enzyme. Chitinase assay showed that the isolate could produce 0.8 U/ml of the enzyme. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters of the isolate P10 were studied, and identified as Streptomyces venezuelae P10.