A case of generalized granuloma trichophyticum

We describe a case of tinea unguis in a 20 year old female student from Caracas. The peri-ungual skin of a thumb appeared altered first and, since 6 months, the lamina was being progressively invaded and destroyed. At the direct mycologic examination numerous, regular and irregular, hyaline fungal hyphae were visible. Culture was performed 9 times: several molds did grow, among which, eight times, we got numerous colonies of a strain that has been identified to Nannizzia gypsea (+). Owing to the rarity of the observation the bases for the diagnosis are discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed.     

Lactococcus lactis: high-level expression of tetanus toxin fragment C and protection against lethal challenge

To determine if the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis holds promise as a vaccine antigen delivery vector we have investigated whether this bacterium can be made to produce high levels of a heterologous protein antigen. A regulated expression system has been developed which may be generally suitable for the expression of foreign antigens (and other proteins) In L. lactis. The system utilizes the fast-acting T7 RNA polymerase to transcribe target genes, and provides the first example of the successful use of this polymerase in a Gram-positive bacterium. When the performance of the expression system was characterized using tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) up to 22% of soluble cell protein was routinely obtained as TTFC. Mice immunized subcutaneously with L. lactis expressing TTFC were protected from lethal challenge with tetanus toxin. These results show for the first time that L. lactis is able to express substantial quantities of a heterologous protein antigen and that this organism can present this antigen to the Immune system in an immunogenic form.     

不典型泛发性体癣误诊银屑病1例

报道1例由犬小孢子菌感染引起的泛发性体癣。患者,女,44岁,以面、颈、胸、腹部及四肢散在、形态为指甲至钱币大小的不规则红斑。曾被误诊为银屑病,治疗1个月后,皮损增多。再次就诊,真菌学检查阳性,真菌培养为犬小孢子菌。经口服伊曲康唑,外涂兰美抒软膏后治愈。     

A generalized Fokker-Planck equation in the case of the Volterra model

Zwanzig and Mori's projection-operator method is used in order to derive a generalized nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation for one “relevant” species in the many species conservative Volterra model. The deterministic, autonomous, Markovian equations of motion, when averaged over a suitable ensemble of initial conditions in general give rise to a non-autonomous, non-Markovian stochastic process for the evolution of this relevant species. Moreover, this relevant species may show irreversible damping, although self-interaction terms are absent in the many species model.