井冈山云锦杜鹃群落特征研究

以井冈山云锦杜鹃群落10个样地调查资料为基础,对该群落的物种组成、区系成分、群落结构和物种多样性进行研究。结果表明：该群落有维管植物44科67属83种,其中蕨类植物有6科6属6种,裸子植物4科4属5种,被子植物34科57属72种;区系分析显示,该群落植物区系地理成分复杂,热带性成分和温带成分均占较大比例;群落为复层异龄结构,云锦杜鹃、交让木和猴头杜鹃是组成该群落的建群种;物种多样性分析显示,群落Simpson指数和Pielou指数较高,Shannon-Wiener指数和物种丰富度指数较低,物种多样性指数在样地间有一定差异,在群落不同层次未表现出一致的变化规律。     

浙江天台山甜槠群落物种多样性

甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)林为中亚热带典型的地带性植被,是浙江省最常见的常绿阔叶林类型.在浙江省天台山石梁景区内分布着一片以甜槠为单优势的群落,作者曾对该群落的特征作了初步的研究[6].本文主要对甜槠群落的区系组成、物种多样性、种多度分布、科-属-种组成多样性等进行了测定和分析,为甜槠群落的多样性保护与持续利用提供科学依据.     

四川大巴山米心水青冈（Fagus engleriana）群落的物种多样性特征

四川省大巴山处于秦岭南部的北亚热带,水青冈属植物分布较集中.该处米心水青冈(Fagus engleriana)林分布面积较大,生长良好,保存相对完好,具有重要的地域代表性.分析了米心水青冈群落的物种组成、区系地理成分、物种多样性以及群落自身特征与物种多样性的灰色关联度,得到以下主要结果:(1)在4个样地28个10m×10m群落样方中,一共记录到维管束植物197种,隶属140属、74科. 群落乔木层物种主要由壳斗科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、桦木科、槭树科等科组成;灌木层物种主要由蔷薇科、忍冬科、杜鹃花科等科组成;草本层主要由莎草科、菊科、百合科等科植物组成.(2)地理区系成分中,温带成分分别占群落总属数、总种数的65.38%和64.32%,处于主导地位;热带和亚热带成分占总属数、总种数的23.85%、24.32%.(3)群落中物种数目-多度在不同的层次变化趋势不同.(4)群落的物种丰度以灌木层最高、乔木层最低.Shannon指数、Simpson指数、均匀度指数以草本层最高、灌木层最低.(5)乔、灌、草3层的物种多样性均受到乔、灌两层植物的多度与盖度的影响,说明群落自身的特征与群落物种多样性是紧密相关的.     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区疏齿木荷+福建柏群落结构与物种多样性研究

通过样方调查,对广东南岭国家级自然保护区秤架管理站辖区内海拔1 400 m左右的疏齿木荷(Schimaremotiserrata)+福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii)落的物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性进行分析.结果表明,在1 600 m~2的样地内共有维管束植物45科75属113种,以泛热带成分为主,热带和温带成分也有一定的比例,表现出较为明显的过渡性质;群落组成以疏齿木荷、福建柏和青茶冬青(Ilex hanceana)等为主,成分复杂,类型多样,优势种优势地位分散而不明显;群落分为乔木层、灌木层和草本.藤本层3层,层间植物稀少,生活型以常绿小、中高位芽植物为主,分别占30.97%和27.43%;按Raunkiaer标准,群落内的种群频度为1%～20%的种类占优势,为总种数的55.75%,福建柏种群以低龄幼树为主,呈增长状态;丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Sknpson指数和均匀度指数等均表现出相同的趋势,为灌木层>乔木层>草本.藤本层.     

浙江箬寮山百日青的群落生态学特征分析

通过样方调查,应用物种辛富度,物种多样性指数和物种均匀度等数据对分布在浙江松阳箬寮山地百日青（Podocorpus neriifolius）分布区物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明,箬寮山地植物种类丰富,共有维管束植物52科95属148种。科属组成多样,区系成分复杂,热带分布有49属,占总属数的52．12％,多于温带性质的属。木本植物的物种丰富度和物种多样性指数明显大于草本植物,乔木层植物Simpson指数、Shannon—Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为6．7751、3．1593和0．6418;灌木层的分别为11．6826、3．8044和0．6781;草本层的分别为4．5537、1．7418和0．5378。灌木层-乔木层-草本层的物种多样性依次递减。根据分布生境、群落结构和种类组成,可将该山地百日青分布的群落分为三个类型,即甜槠木荷林、木荷红楠林和猴头杜鹃林。     

澳门青洲山翻白叶树群落特征及物种多样性研究

根据样方调查结果,对澳门青洲山翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征与动态及物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:(1)在1 600 m2样地中,有维管束植物47种,隶属于29科44属;对乔木层和灌木层主要物种的重要值以及频度分析结果显示,该群落是以翻白叶树为主的单优种群落,群落种类组成多样性和水平分布不均匀,其外貌终年常绿;对优势种种群的年龄结构分析显示,该种群处于增长状态;(2)整个群落的物种丰富度Margalef指数为13.72,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.15,Simpson指数为0.875,均匀度指数为0.34,该群落的层次格局为:灌木层>藤本层>乔木层>草本层;(3) 与其他5个不同类型地区森林群的物种多样性比较结果显示,澳门翻白叶树群落的物种多样性明显低于其他5个森林群落.     

塔里木盆地塔里木沙拐枣群落特征

塔里木沙拐枣(Calligonum roborowskii)主产塔里木盆地,是该地区主要防风固沙先锋树种。以塔里木盆地5个天然塔里木沙拐枣群落为研究对象,通过样方调查,对物种组成,区系成分,群落结构,物种丰富度和多样性等要素进行了初步研究,结果表明:塔里木沙拐枣天然群落共出现种子植物11种,分属6科10属;该群落植物种类组成贫乏,区系成分简单。从属的地理成分分析来看,古地中海成分明显多于温带成分;群落生活型以高位芽植物占优势,1年生植物次之;群落的垂直结构简单,可分为灌木层、草本层;从多样性指数的数量特征来看,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变化范围为0.808—1.175,Simpson多样性指数的变化范围为0.489—0.641。     

太行山南段油松群落物种多样性研究

油松是太行山区重要的植树造林树种。本文以太行山南段为研究区域,采用随机取样法对武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关、屯留6个地区油松的物种多样性与群落多样性进行了分析比较。结果表明:(1)6个地区油松群落中共有种子植物34科70属81种,包含乔木4科4属5种、灌木7科12属15种、草本23科54属61种;(2)太行山南段油松群落种子植物属的区系成分类型多样,以温带成分占绝对优势;(3)武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关5个地区油松群落的物种多样性表现出较为一致的变化趋势,即草本层灌木层乔木层,而屯留的不同功能群物种多样性表现为草本层=灌木层乔木层;(4)6个地区油松群落多样性从高到低依次为平顺黎城襄垣武乡屯留壶关;(5)油松群落多样性和物种多样性水平受群落演替进程、地理环境、人为干扰等诸多因子的协同作用。     

广西苦树群落类型划分及其物种多样性

采用样地调查法调查苦树Picrasmaquassioides群落，以分析其生境特征、物种组成、区系成分、群落类型和物种多样性。结果表明，苦树群落物种组成丰富，10个样地共有维管植物85科207属255种，主要优势科为大戟科、豆科、禾本科、桑科等。苦树群落种子植物分为14个区系类型，以泛热带和热带亚洲成分为主，热带成分占总属数的72.73%，具明显的热带区系特点；群落划分为4个类型，苦树在群落Ⅰ和群落Ⅳ中生长旺盛且为优势种，是苦树的理想生境。调查样地内Margalef指数、Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数均表现为灌木层>乔木层；群落Ⅱ乔木层和灌木层的3个多样性指数均最高，群落Ⅳ乔木层Margalef物种丰富度指数较高而Shannon-wiener多样性指数最低。苦树根系萌芽力强，封禁措施对苦树居群恢复具有积极意义。     

湖南江永石灰岩山地青檀群落特征研究

研究了湖南江永石灰岩山地青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim)群落的区系组成、地理成分、种类成分的数量特征、生活型及物种多样性特征.结果表明:在2 800 m2青檀群落样方中有维管植物51种,隶属于34科48属.植物地理分布以泛热带成分最多,有13属,占总属数的29.54%;其次是旧世界热带分布类型、北温带分布类型、东亚和北美洲间断分布类型,它们各有5属,各占总属数的11.36%.植物生活型以高位芽植物最多,占70.59%,一年生植物最少,仅为1.96%.群落层次中,以灌木层和草本层物种数所占比例较大.物种多样性分析表明,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和PIE指数均表现出Sh>H>T,反映了青檀群落乔木层优势种表现明显,该群落目前相对稳定.对青檀群落的物种构成及资源保护和可持续利用问题进行了讨论.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.