基因工程乙肝新型疫苗（汉逊酵母表达系统）的开发

HBsAg不同成份在多条生物细胞系统中已表达成功,但至今仅哺乳动物细胞（CHO,C127等）和酿酒酵母表达系统占领了大部分市场,我们的临床观察也证明了酵母重组疫苗对HBeAg和HBsAg双阳性母亲所生的新生儿免疫保护效果最好,近年来又发展了汉逊酵母表达系统,其特点为30个adw2HBsAg基因拷贝整合于该酵母染色体中,含有MOX,FMD等高效启动子,能利用甘油,甲醇为能量为源进行高密度发酵,每升发酵液的细胞干重达100g以上,工程菌发酵生产稳定性好,HBsAg颗粒表达最达400ug/ml,最终纯化的HBsAg达60ug/ml, 其单位产量比酿酒酵母表达系统高约10倍,小鼠实验证明该系统表达的HBsAg诱导体液和细胞免疫应答较好,值得开发出产品,适合于我国广大农村使用,在发展基因工程乙肝疫苗时也应考虑研究增强抗原细胞免疫工程菌的构建和疫苗佐剂。     

乙型肝炎病毒X基因真核表达载体的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）X蛋白,为探讨HBVX蛋白与慢性乙型肝炎及肝细胞癌发生的关系奠定基础。方法：用PCR方法扩增X基因序列,并分别在上下游引入XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点,插入pPICZαA载体,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选阳性克隆,对其进行PCR和双酶切及测序鉴定,构建HBVX蛋白毕赤酵母表达质粒pPICZαA-HBx;电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,对阳性克隆进行诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定目的蛋白。结果：双酶切pPICZαA-HBx后,琼脂糖电泳可分别见到大小约为3.1kb和465bp的片段,表明目的片段已插入载体中,序列测定表明其含有完整的X基因片段,Western blotting结果显示含有pPICZαA-HBx的毕赤酵母GS115能分泌表达X蛋白。结论：构建了毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA-HBx,并能在毕赤酵母GS115中分泌表达X蛋白。     

人乳头瘤病毒16亚型L1蛋白在多形汉逊酵母中的优化表达

为了实现人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpa pillomavirus,HPV)16亚型衣壳蛋白L1在多形汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)中的高效表达,根据L1蛋白的氨基酸序列及多形汉逊酵母的密码子偏爱性,对L1蛋白的编码序列进行优化设计,合成了完整的编码序列,命名为HPV16L1。以甲醇诱导型启动子MOXp和终止子AOXTT为表达调控元件,以尿嘧啶合成相关基因URA3为筛选标记,构建了HPV16L1的重组表达质粒pYMOXU-HPV16。用SacII酶切质粒pYMOXU-HPV16使其线性化,电转化多形汉逊酵母菌株H-ura3,依据营养缺陷互补筛选重组菌株。通过PCR扩增及HPV16L1蛋白表达量分析表明已获得稳定高表达L1蛋白的重组汉逊酵母菌株HP-U-16L。摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化表明,以YPM(pH7.0)为基础培养基进行诱导培养,控制接种量使初始培养液OD600为1.0,每隔12h补加甲醇至终浓度为1%(V/V),37oC、200r/min条件下诱导培养72h后,HPV16L1蛋白的最高表达量为78.6mg/L。本研究为多形汉逊酵母源HPV16L1疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

RS基因的植物表达载体和酵母表达载体构建

白藜芦醇合酶(RS)是Res生物合成的关键酶之一,它催化1分子4-香豆酰辅酶A和3分子丙二酰辅酶A反应合成Res.以花生中克隆的RS基因为基础,成功构建了RS基因的以Ubi为启动子的单子叶植物表达栽体pBIL-RS,为以后的基因工程遗传转化果蔗和其他单子叶植物改良其品质提供条件.同时构建了酵母表达载体pVT102U-RS,为下一步研究真核表达蛋白的生物活性提供条件,并为利用酵母生产Res提供了可能.     

单链胰岛素前体在酵母中的分泌表达及其转变成人胰岛素

将化学合成的单链猪胰岛素前体(PIP)基因和用聚合酶链反应得到的α交配因子前导顺序(αMFL)基因插入质粒pVT102-U的醇脱氢酶基因ADH1的启动子和3’终止顺序之间而生成质粒pVT102-U/αMFL-PIP.被pVT102-U/αMFL-PIP转化的酵母(Saccharomyces cerevistae)可表达单链前体并分泌到培养基中.前体在纯化后可通过胰蛋白酶的转肽作用转变成人胰岛素.纯化的人胰岛素具有全部活力并可结晶.人胰岛素的总收率为每升培养液25mg.     

多形汉逊酵母研究进展

作为研究甲醇代谢、过氧化物酶体稳态和硝酸盐吸收的模式生物,多形汉逊酵母近年来在基础研究领域日益受到重视。在工程应用领域,利用多形汉逊酵母表达真核外源基因有特殊的优势。譬如容易得到高拷贝,在含油酸的培养条件下能够表达膜蛋白等。已有多种外源蛋白在多形汉逊酵母系统中得到表达。本文综述了多形汉逊酵母的基本生物学性质、基础研究领域概况及其在外源基因表达方面的特点和进展。     

HCV全长基因真核表达载体的构建及其细胞内表达

本实验成功构建了HCV全长基因的真核表达载体pCI-HCVFL,转染HepG2细胞后经免疫荧光和免疫组化法分别检测到结构基因区(C)和非结构基因区(NS3)病毒蛋白的表达,该载体可用于建立HCV转基因细胞模型以及进一步开展有关HCV复制与表达的深入研究。     

中国株HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

运用限制性内切酶XbaⅠ、SalⅠ对pKSGAG进行双酶切,获得HIV-lgag基因,并与真核表达载体pCI—neo连接,构建含有中国流行株HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI—neoGAG。经XbaⅠ／SalⅠ双酶切及测序鉴定证实,成功地构建了HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI-neoGAG。通过脂质体将pCI—neoGAG转染入p815细胞,G418筛选4周后,使用间接免疫荧光方法检测表达产物。结果表明所构建的HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体能在p815细胞中高效表达,为下一步进行HIV-1 DNA疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

酵母绿色荧光蛋白报告载体的构建及其在过氧化物酶体研究中的应用

以载体pYES2为基础,构建了酵母表达载体pYES2G,该载体含有融合了过氧化物酶体定位信号1(PTS1)的绿色荧光蛋白报告分子GFP-SKL编码基因,该基因以酵母TEF1启动子启动。pYES2转化研究表明,在野生型酵母INVScl中,GFP-SKL蛋白在细胞中呈点状聚集,而在酵母PEX5p缺陷菌株ATCC4003603中,荧光为弥散状,证明报告分子GFP-SKL可通过PEX5p蛋白有效定位到过氧化物酶体。在载体pYES2G的多克隆位点分别连入酵母及产黄青霉PEX5p编码基因得到载体pYES2G/ScPEX5和pYES2G/PcPEX5,转化酵母ATCC4003603,荧光均呈聚集状,证明外源PEX5p基因的表达恢复了缺陷菌株的功能。pYES2G载体为真菌过氧化物酶体相关基因的功能研究提供了直观有效的方法。     

mNUDC基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达载体的构建及表达

目的:探索小鼠核迁移蛋白C(mNUDC)在毕赤酵母分泌表达的方法.方法:应用PCR扩增本实验室所构建的重组质粒PET28b-his-mNUDC中的mNUDC基因,使用基因重组方法构建毕赤酵母真核表达栽体pPICZaA-his-mNUDC,电击转化酵母茵株KM71后,经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE和Westernblot分析鉴定上清中重组mNUDC蛋白表达量.结果:经过PCR方法,有效扩增了mNUDC基因,构建了pPICZα A-his-mNUDC酵母表达质粒,序列分析表明所构建的含mNUDC基因的质粒与设计相同,mNUDC蛋白得到正确表达.使用SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法可以检测到mNUDC的稳定、高效地分泌表达.结论:成功地构建了mNUDC基因的毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα A-his-mNUDC,并在毕赤酵母中实现分泌型离表达,为进一步研究mNUDC蛋白对小鼠的生物活性奠定了实验基础.     

多肽PrP106-126对培养神经细胞朊蛋白基因表达的影响

神经细胞是传染性海绵状脑病(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSEs)的重要靶细胞,PrP106-126是研究TSEs致病机理的理想工具,对PrP106-126作用的培养神经细胞模型进行研究,有利于了解朊蛋白的功能和探讨TSEs的分子致病机制.本研究利用PrP106-126构建了大脑皮质和小脑颗粒神经元作用模型,对神经细胞的存活和朊蛋白基因的表达进行了研究.结果表明PrP106-126作用于培养神经细胞导致其存活率的显著下降;大脑皮质神经元经PrP 106-126处理后,与SCR处理组和对照组相比,基因表达的量明显下降,处理后的小脑颗粒神经元也有类似的情况出现,两者之间下降的幅度和时间不同.我们的研究结果为研究朊蛋白在TSEs发生中的作用和深入了解TSE的分子致病机制提供了基础数据.     

Rapid Analysis of Allelic Variants of the Sheep PrP Gene by Oligonucleotide Probes

A rapid method to determine the allelic variants of the sheep PrP gene was developed. DNA samples from 128 Suffolk sheep (39 rams and 89 ewes) were screened by using polymerase chain reactions and dot-blot hybridization with ³²P-labeled nine allele-specific oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the polymorphic PrP codons 112, 136, 154 and 171. Three allelic variants of the PrP gene, PrP^MARQ, PrP^TARQ and PrP^MARR, were found in the flocks. Among those variants, nearly half of the ewes had alleles of the 171-Arg variant that is closely associated with resistance to natural scrapie. Assessments of allelic mutations of the PrP gene may help to select the scrapie-resistant progenitors in the flocks.     

Ovine recombinant PrP as an inhibitor of ruminant prion propagation in vitro

Prion diseases are fatal and incurable neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals. Despite years of research, no therapeutic agents have been developed that can effectively manage or reverse disease progression. Recently it has been identified that recombinant prion proteins (rPrP) expressed in bacteria can act as inhibitors of prion replication within the in vitro prion replication system protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). Here, within PMCA reactions amplifying a range of ruminant prions including distinct Prnp genotypes/host species and distinct prion strains, recombinant ovine VRQ PrP displayed consistent inhibition of prion replication and produced IC50 values of 122 and 171 nM for ovine scrapie and bovine BSE replication, respectively. These findings illustrate the therapeutic potential of rPrPs with distinct TSE diseases.     

细胞浆中PrP蛋白的表达及其细胞毒性作用的研究

为了探讨在胞浆中表达的PrP的理化特征以及对细胞活性的影响,我们构建了胞浆型PrP(CytoPrP)真核表达质粒,瞬时转染人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞,通过蛋白酶敏感性实验检测CytoPrP及其蛋白酶抗性,利用MTT和Trypan Blue细胞计数检测CytoPrP的细胞毒性作用.结果显示,CytoPrP在胞浆内的存在受蛋白酶抑制剂的控制;与野生型PrP相比,CytoPrP具有相对较强的蛋白酶K(PK)抗性.MTT和细胞计数实验均显示,Cyto-PrP的存在可诱导明显的细胞毒性效应,而CytoPrP的细胞毒性作用受蛋白酶抑制剂含量的影响,呈剂量依赖关系.上述结果为研究CytoPrP在朊病毒病的发病机制中的意义提供了一定的科学数据.     

Peroxisome homeostasis in Hansenula polymorpha

Peroxisomes are essential organelles in many eukaryotes. Until recently, the main focus of the investigations concerning these important organelles was to understand the biogenesis of the peroxisome (induction, proliferation and matrix protein import). However, when peroxisomes become redundant they are quickly degraded by highly selective processes known as pexophagy. The first molecular studies on pexophagy have indicated that this process shares many features with certain transport pathways to the vacuole (vacuolar protein sorting, autophagy, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting and endocytosis). Nevertheless, recent data demonstrate that in addition to common genes also unique genes are required for these transport processes. The main focus for the future should therefore be on identifying the unique determinants of pexophagy. Earlier results suggest that in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha proteins located on the peroxisome itself are required for pexophagy. Thus, it has become essential to study in detail the role of peroxisomal membrane proteins in the degradation process. This review highlights the main achievements of the last few years, with emphasis on H. polymorpha.     

汉森酵母表达载体的构建和人血管生成抑制素基因的表达

汉森酵母(H.polymorpha)是一类能以甲醇为唯一碳源和能源的甲基营养酵母,具有高表达外源基因、易于高密度发酵和产业化的特点。应用PCR技术扩增汉森酵母甲醇氧化酶(Methanol oxidase MOX)基因启动子和转录终止序列,并与汉森酵母Leu基因(Hpleu2)和人血管生成抑制素基因一起重组进大肠杆菌质粒pSP72,构建了整合型表达载体pSMA17,采用LiAc法将pSMA17转入汉森酵母A16(leu),筛选出阳性转化子H.polymorpha A16(pSMA17)。转化子在YPGE培养基中培养至对数生长后期,用甲醇进行诱导表达。ELISA和SDSPAGE分析结果证明人血管生成抑制素已获表达,表达产物分泌至培养基中。Western blot结果显示重组的人血管生成抑制素能与抗人纤溶酶原抗血清特异结合,具有免疫原性。     

重组人血清白蛋白在汉逊酵母中的表达与纯化

优化人血清白蛋白（Human Serum Albumin, HSA）基因的密码子,合成基因连接到用于汉逊酵母（Hansenula polymorpha）表达的表达载体上,构建成重组人血清白蛋白（recombinant Human Serum Albumin, rHSA）表达质粒,转化汉逊酵母细胞,筛选得到的rHSA高表达细胞株HP-rHSA－C,30L发酵罐批式发酵表达量可达1.033g/L,经Streamline SP,Phenyl Bio-Sep 6FF,DEAE Sepharose层析分离获得纯化蛋白,除菌过滤后稀释,进行小鼠免疫原性分析,结果与人血清中提取的人白蛋白具有相同的抗原、抗体反应特性。     

PrP 106-126 Altered PrP mRNA gene expression in mouse microglia BV-2 Cells

Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic agent is an abnormal prion protein aggregate. Microglial activation in the centre nervous system is a characteristic feature of prion disease. In this study, we examined the effect of PrP 106–126 on PrP mRNA gene expression in Mouse microglia cells BV-2 by real-time quantitative PCR. PrP mRNA expression level was found to be significantly increased after 18 h exposure of BV-2 cells to PrP 106–126, with 3-fold increase after 18 h and 4.5-fold increase after 24 h and BV-2 cells proliferating occurred correspondingly. Our results provide the first in vitro evidence of the increase of PrP mRNA levels in microglial cells exposed to PrP 106–126, and indicate that microglial cells might play a critical role in prion pathogenesis.     

Growth simulation of Hansenula polymorpha

Summary Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha with substrate ethanol in a bench-scale tower loop reactor was simulated by means of a distributed parameter model with regard to the dissolved oxygen and substrate in the medium, oxygen and CO₂ in the gas phase, and a lumped parameter model with regard to the cell mass. Space and time independence of the substrate and oxygen limiting constants of the Monod model, K_S and K_O, was assumed. Time variations of the yield coefficients, Y_X/S and Y_X/O, were allowed for.