河南省林县山羊食管癌

食管癌有明显的高发地区,在这些地区内,家禽与家畜中,是否也有食管癌的发生,研究这个问题,对阐明食管癌的发病因素,可能提供一些重要线索。中国医学科学院食管痛防治研究队,在河南省林县食管癌高发地区,研究食管癌发病因素时,发现鸡咽—食管癌的     

应用双重免疫组化技术研究tryptase和IL-29与食管癌的相关性

目的:探讨食管癌组织中类胰蛋白酶(tryptase)和白细胞介素-29(interleukin-29,IL-29)的表达及其与食管癌的相关性.方法:采用双重免疫组化染色方法对87例食管癌根治术标本中hyptase和129进行检测,并探讨tryptase和IL-29双重染色的表达与食管癌的组织学分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果:食管癌中tryptase的表达与食管癌组织学分级呈显著的负相关性,tryptase和IL-29双染均阳性表达与癌组织浸润深度亦呈负相关性.结论:癌间质内切印tase表达与食管癌分化程度有关.tryptase和IL-29均阳性的MC可能具有抑制食管癌生长的作用.tryptase和IL-29的表达与食管癌的生物学行为有相关性,对食管癌患者预后评估有一定的参考价值.     

人乳头瘤病毒与食管癌的关系

食管癌是我国最常见的十大恶性肿瘤之一,其确切病因及发病机制仍未明了,有研究认为高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是食管癌发生的危险因素。该介绍HPV的生物学特性、HPV致食管癌机制、HPV与食管癌关系的研究方法及其评估、HPV疫苗治疗食管癌等方面的研究。     

食管癌转移淋巴结外科治疗的研究进展

食管癌早期即具有跳跃式淋巴结转移的特点,中下段食管癌喉返神经累及可作为颈部淋巴结转移的预测因子.淋巴结转移是影响食管癌预后的重要因素.食管癌术前应详细评估有无淋巴结转移,术中应尽可能广泛切除病变组织.常见的手术路径包括经胸及经食道裂孔两种方式,但由于不能有效清扫纵隔淋巴结,因此经食道裂孔食道切除术应该严格把握手术适应症.三野淋巴结清扫适用于中上段食管癌,二野淋巴结清扫结合术后新辅助治疗可取得较满意的生存率.本文主要就食管癌转移淋巴结外科治疗的研究进展做一综述,旨在为改善食管癌的预后提供更多的参考依据.     

FOXP3 在食管癌中表达规律研究

目的:研究FOXP3在食管癌中表达规律。方法:选择2010年1月~2010年10月在我院接受手术治疗的食管鳞癌患者48例,选取所有患者肿瘤组织及正常食管黏膜组织进行免疫组化分析,观察FOXP3在食管癌细胞系Eca-109、正常食管黏膜细胞系Eca-109、人食管癌组织、正常食管黏膜组织的表达,FOXP3在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移上的表达。结果:FOXP3在食管癌组织中阳性表达率(85.42%)显著高于正常食管黏膜组织(14.58%),P0.05。FOXP3在正常细胞系表达为阴性,在食管癌细胞系Eca-109中的表达阳性,FOXP3在正常食管黏膜组织中表达阴性,在食管癌组织中表达阳性。在食管癌组织中,FOXP3阳性表达率和食管癌患者的性别、年龄等不同临床病理特征均无关联(P0.05),和T分期、TNM分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、远处转移等存在关联(P0.05)。结论:食管癌细胞能够表达FOXP3,且其表达水平和食管癌的进展关系密切,可以作为临床诊断及治疗食管癌的重要参考指标。     

食管癌外科手术入路进展

食管癌是临床常见的消化系统疾病,治疗预后欠佳.目前,治疗仍以外科手术为主,其手术入路多样化,腔镜微创手术已成为治疗食管癌的主要术式,且机器人手术也逐渐成熟.本文对公开发表的有关食管癌手术入路相关文献进行归纳总结,为食管癌的手术治疗提供参考依据.     

局部晚期食管癌新辅助治疗的研究进展

食管癌是世界范围内恶性程度高、预后不良的肿瘤之一。手术治疗是局部晚期食管癌治疗的首选方式,但单纯手术治疗效果不佳,总体5年生存率较低。因此,局部晚期食管癌的治疗更倾向于手术联合多种模式的治疗。在局部晚期食管癌中,新辅助治疗展示出了明显的生存获益、良好的临床疗效以及可接受的毒性反应,成为局部晚期食管癌的标准治疗模式之一。新辅助治疗主要包括新辅助化疗、新辅助放化疗、新辅助免疫治疗。本文就局部晚期食管癌新辅助治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

浅谈食管癌的体征与影像诊断

食管癌,严重危害我国人民健康的十大恶性肿瘤之一,而南充市是我国食管癌的一个高发地区。因大多数食管癌患者的早期临床表现并不明显,故准确地检查与诊断出食管癌显得尤为重要。作为疾病诊断特别是影像学诊断的医务工作者就必须熟练地掌握检查诊断方法,这样,我们才能让患者得到尽早尽快的治疗,才能造福于病人。本文就食管癌的概论及患者体征,各种影像学检查诊断的价值做出简要的论述。     

食管癌组织CDC25B的表达与临床病理参数及放疗敏感性的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨食管癌组织中细胞分裂周期蛋白25B （CDC25B）表达特点,分析其与食管癌临床病理参数和放疗敏感性的关系。方法：选择2015年1月至2018年1月我院收集的60例食管癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织的石蜡标本,采用免疫组化法检测食管癌组织和癌旁组织中CDC25B表达,分析CDC25B表达与食管癌临床病理参数的关系。所有患者均接受放疗或放化疗治疗,观察不同疗效患者CDC25B表达差异,分析CDC25B对食管癌放疗敏感性的预测价值。结果：食管癌组织中CDC25B阳性表达率高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。CDC25B阳性表达与食管癌分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）。放疗敏感组CDC25B阳性表达率低于放疗抗拒组（P<0.05）。CDC25B预测食管癌放疗敏感性的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.718（95%CI：0.580~0.856）,灵敏度为60%,特异度为68%。结论：食管癌患者CDC25B表达上调,CDC25B阳性表达与食管癌分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移恶性侵袭行为有关,CDC25B可作为食管癌放疗敏感性评估的辅助指标。     

ODC和AdoMetDC双反义腺病毒载体对食管癌细胞凋亡影响的研究

为探讨ODC和AdoMetDC双反义腺病毒载体(Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas)对食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡作用的影响,应用MTT法观察Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas对食管癌Eca109细胞生长增殖的影响,采用Western blot和HPLC的方法分别检测腺病毒载体对食管癌Eca109细胞中ODC和AdoMetDC蛋白表达以及胞内多胺含量的抑制作用,同时应用原位末端标记(TUNEL) 法观察Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas对食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡作用的影响, 透射电镜进一步观察细胞超微结构的改变． 实验结果显示,应用MTT法观察发现Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas对食管癌Eca109细胞生长增殖有显著抑制作用． 以Ad-ODC- AdoMetDCas感染食管癌Eca109细胞,可明显抑制食管癌Eca109细胞中ODC和AdoMetDC基因表达． HPLC结果显示,食管癌Eca109细胞感染Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas后,细胞内3种多胺含量都明显降低． TUNEL标记检测结果显示Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas可明显引起食管癌Eca109细胞凋亡．透射电镜观察到典型的细胞凋亡特征(表现细胞体积缩小,核皱缩、碎裂,染色质呈块状边集等)． 实验表明,ODC和AdoMetDC双反义腺病毒载体(Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas)具有显著抑制食管癌细胞生长增殖,降低细胞多胺合成,促进细胞凋亡,为探讨食管癌基因治疗的可行性提供实验依据．     

Glycoprotein profiles of human breast cells demonstrate a clear clustering of normal/benign versus malignant cell lines and basal versus luminal cell lines

Gene expression profiling has defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer including those identified as luminal and basal. To determine if glycoproteins distinguish various subtypes of breast cancer, we obtained glycoprotein profiles from 14 breast cell lines. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated that the glycoprotein profiles obtained can serve as molecular signatures to classify subtypes of breast cancer, as well as to distinguish normal and benign breast cells from breast cancer cells. Statistical analyses were used to identify glycoproteins that are overexpressed in normal versus cancer breast cells, and those that are overexpressed in luminal versus basal breast cancer. Among the glycoproteins distinguishing normal breast cells from cancer cells are several proteins known to be involved in cell adhesion, including proteins previously identified as being altered in breast cancer. Basal breast cancer cell lines overexpressed a number of CD antigens, including several integrin subunits, relative to luminal breast cancer cell lines, whereas luminal breast cancer cells overexpressed carbonic anhydrase 12, clusterin, and cell adhesion molecule 1. The differential expression of glycoproteins in these breast cancer cell lines readily allows the classification of the lines into normal, benign, malignant, basal, and luminal groups.     

肿瘤细胞侵袭研究进展

肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移是癌医学和癌生物学最重要的难题,癌症主要因其肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移而成为致命的疾病,虽然侵袭和转移的机制仍不清楚,但肿瘤细胞侵袭一直是研究热点,本文就近年来对肿瘤细胞侵袭研究的新进展进行综述,以期为寻找治疗肿瘤的新方案提供参考.     

CAR-T Cell Therapy for Breast Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application

Breast cancer rises as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2020. Among women, breast cancer ranks first in both cancer incidence rate and mortality. Treatment resistance developed from the current clinical therapies limits the efficacy of therapeutic outcomes, thus new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy developed from adoptive T cell transfer, which typically uses patients'' own immune cells to combat cancer. CAR-T cells are armed with specific antibodies to recognize antigens in self-tumor cells thus eliciting cytotoxic effects. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable successes in treating hematologic malignancies; however, the therapeutic effects in solid tumors are not up to expectations including breast cancer. This review aims to discuss the development of CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer from preclinical studies to ongoing clinical trials. Specifically, we summarize tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer, ongoing clinical trials, obstacles interfering with the therapeutic effects of CAR-T cell therapy, and discuss potential strategies to improve treatment efficacy. Overall, we hope our review provides a landscape view of recent progress for CAR-T cell therapy in breast cancer and ignites interest for further research directions.     

Metastases from metastases: comparative metastatic potential of human cancer cell lines originated from primary tumors or metastases in various tissues

Although metastases from original (primary) tumors are highly studied, metastases from metastatic sites (secondary tumors) are far less studied. Here, using data from metastasis map (MetMap) project reported in a recent study (Jin et al. in Nature 588(7837): 331–336. 10.1038/s41586-020-2969-2, 2020), we found that human cancer cell lines isolated from metastatic sites have higher potential to metastasize to another site in mice, compared to human cancer cell lines isolated from primary sites, for certain types of cancer including liver, lung and pancreas cancer. In contrast, for cancer types such as ovarian and skin cancer, human cancer cell lines originated from primary tumors have increased metastatic potential in mice, compared to human cancer cell lines originated from metastatic sites. This preliminary analysis points that the potential of metastases to further metastasize compared to that of primary tumors might be cancer type-dependent, and further research is needed to understand why certain cancer cell lines isolated from metastatic sites are more likely to spread to other organs.     

Bombesin-like peptides and receptors in human tumor cell lines

Human cancer cell lines were assayed for bombesin-like peptides and receptors. Acid extracts derived from small cell lung cancer, but not other types of cancer had high levels of immunoreactive bombesin. Regardless of patient treatment, site of tumor origin (bone marrow, lymph node, or pleural effusion) or culture conditions, small cell lung cancer cell lines had high levels of bombesin-like peptides. Thus, bombesin levels in small cell lung, but not other types of human cancer, are routinely elevated. Also, small cell lung cancer lines in contrast to other cell lines have a high density of binding sites for a radiolabeled bombesin analogue. The presence of high concentrations of bombesin-like peptides and receptors suggests that bombesin may function as an important regulatory agent in human small cell lung cancer.     

Ion channels and apoptosis in cancer

Humans maintain a constant cell number throughout their lifespan. This equilibrium of cell number is accomplished when cell proliferation and cell death are kept balanced, achieving a steady-state cell number. Abnormalities in cell growth or cell death can lead to an overabundance of cells known as neoplasm or tumours. While the perception of cancer is often that of an uncontrollable rate of cell growth or increased proliferation, a decrease in cell death can also lead to tumour formation. Most cells when detached from their normal tissue die. However, cancer cells evade cell death, tipping the balance to an overabundance of cell number. Therefore, overcoming this resistance to cell death is a decisive factor in the treatment of cancer. Ion channels play a critical role in cancer in regards to cell proliferation, malignant angiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Additionally, ion channels are also known to be critical components of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the modes of cell death focusing on the ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis. Specifically, we focus on the role ion channels play in controlling and regulating life/death decisions and how they can be used to overcome resistance to apoptosis in the treatment of cancer.     

Opposite Role of Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 in Lung Cancers

Lung cancer is highly heterogenous and is composed of various subtypes that are in diverse differential stages. The newly identified integrin-interacting proteins Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 are the activators of transmembrane receptor integrins that play important roles in cancer progression. In this report we present the expression profiles of Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 in lung cancers using patient specimens and established their correlation with lung cancer progression. We found that Kindlin-1 was expressed in epithelia-derived non-small-cell lung cancer, especially in squamous cell lung cancer but expressed at low levels in poorly differentiated large cell lung cancer. However, Kindlin-2 was highly expressed in large cell lung cancer. Both Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 were found not expressed or expressed at very low levels in neuroendocrine-derived small cell lung cancer. Importantly, the Kindlin-1 expression level was positively correlated with the differentiation of squamous cell lung cancer. Surprisingly, we found that the very homologous Kindlin family proteins, Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2, displayed counteracting functional roles in lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of Kindlin-1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells inhibited in vitro cell migration and in vivo tumor growth, while Kindlin-2 promoted these functions. Mechanistically, Kindlin-1 prohibited epithelail to mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer cells, while Kindlin-2 enhanced epithelail to mesenchymal transition in these cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 differentially regulate lung cancer cell progression. Further, the expression levels of Kindlin-1 might be potentially used as a marker for lung cancer differentiation and targeting Kindlin-2 might block the invasive growth of large cell lung cancer.     

The hemodynamic destruction of circulating cancer cells

The blood-stream is the major disseminative route for metastasizing cancer cells, and metastases are generated when the cancer "microemboli" are trapped in the microcirculation. However, most circulating cancer cells are rapidly destroyed shortly before and/or after arrest. Traditionally, destruction is attributed to the cellular or humoral response of the host defense systems. A novel, non-exclusive mechanism for cancer cell destruction has been proposed by Weiss and Dimitrov in which friction or adhesion between circulating cancer cells and capillary walls causes local vascular blockage, and the blood-pressure differentials normally existing over the entire length of a capillary are consequently applied over the length of the cancer cell. In a simple model, this pressure differential is expected to cause expansion of the cancer cell membrane, resulting in increases in tension above a critical level, with consequent membrane rupture and cell death. In vivo and in vitro experimental tests of this hypothesis are outlined.