模拟青霉素发酵过程中菌体生长动态的细胞自动机模型

在青霉素发酵生产机理及其动力学微分方程模型的基础上,建立了模拟青霉素分批发酵过程中菌体生长动态的细胞自动机模型(CABGM)。CABGM采用三维细胞自动机作为菌体生长空间,采用Moore型邻域作为细胞邻域,其演化规则根据青霉素分批发酵过程中菌体生长机理和动力学微分方程模型设计。CABGM中的每一个细胞既可代表单个的青霉素产生菌,又可代表特定数量的青霉素产生菌,它具有不同的状态。对CABGM进行了统计特性的理论分析和仿真实验,理论分析和仿真实验结果均证明了CABGM能一致地复现动力学微分方程模型所描述的青霉素分批发酵菌体生长过程。最后,对所建模型在实际生产过程中的应用问题进行了分析,指出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

玉米生长生理生态学模拟模型

建立了玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．）生长生理生态学模拟模型（ＭＰＥＳＭ）。模型由５个子模型组成：１）气象资料形成子模型,２）水分影响子模型,３）氮素影响子模型,４）玉米发育子模型,５）玉米生长子模型。ＭＰＥＳＭ具有５个主要功能：１）模拟环境条件（气象因子、土壤湿度和氮素供应）对玉米生长和发育的影响,２）模拟玉米的发育进程,３）模拟玉米的生长过程,４）模拟玉米产量形成过程,５）玉米最优化栽培管理决策     

作物生长模拟模型及其应用

论述了作物生长模型在国内外的研究及其发展过程,作物模型的机理及在农业生产中的作用,对作物生长模型在生产应用中存在的问题及今后的发展方向进行了讨论     

鲜切生菜中沙门氏菌二级生长预测模型的建立

以鲜切生菜为研究对象,比较了修正的Gompertz、Gompertz、Logistic和MMF 4种一级模型对不同温度下鲜切生菜中沙门氏菌生长曲线的拟合情况,发现在36℃、20℃和10℃时,修正的Gompertz模型均为最佳的拟合模型,4℃时沙门氏菌生长受到抑制,对失活/存活曲线进行“镜像化”处理后发现拟合程度相对较低...     

水稻生长模拟模型的组建与验证

在模型L1D和TIL的基础上,利用田间试验和文献资料,组建了水稻生长过程的动态模拟模型．验证结果显示,模型运行后生育期的模拟值与实测值吻合良好,干物重、叶面积系数和分蘖数的模拟值与实测值也基本一致,表明该模型能较好地模拟水稻生长过程的动态变化．     

亚洲玉米螟多元动态经济阈值模拟模型

1985—1989年在武昌研究了亚洲玉米螟种群动态及玉米受害后产量损失,组建了用于玉米螟预测和防治的多元动态经济阈值模型。模型在计算机上显示全部过程,模拟模型经过生产实际检验,效果良好。     

水稻群体茎蘖动态的计算机模拟模型

水稻群体茎蘖动态的计算机模拟模型黄耀,高亮之,金之庆,陈华,葛道阔（江苏省在科院,南京２１００１４）ＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＴｉｌｌｅｒｉｎｇＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆＲｉｃｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．￥ＨｕａｎｇＹａｏ;ＧａｏＬｉａｎｇｚｈｉ;Ｊｉｎ...     

昆虫种群动态模拟方法的一点改进──三化螟种群动态模拟模型的研究

以Ｒｕｅｓｉｎｋ（１９７６）的模型为基础,根据昆虫个体一般不同步地进入下一发育阶段的状况,当昆虫各虫态发育到完成该虫态发育所需要的最低年龄级数后,假定各年龄级的昆虫种群均以一定的概率分布函数值进入下一个发育阶段,同时根据有效积温向前推进。据此,对昆虫种群动态模拟方法作了一点改进。该方法综合了已有的种群模型的优点,因而较Ｒｕｅｓｉｎｋ（１９７６）和ＣｈｉＨｓｉｎ等（１９８５）提出的方法更真实地反映了昆虫种群动态的变化规律。根据三化螟自然种群生命表的资料,分析和确定逐日存活率、逐日发育率和逐日生殖率,对三化螟种群进行逐日动态模拟和预测,同时引入环境因素对种群的控制作用,研究不同环境条件下的种群动态,经验证,模型基本能够反映田间三化螟的发生规律。     

温室盆栽金鱼草叶面积指数形成模拟模型

以温室中生长的金鱼草品种‘泛美夏粉’为研究对象,依据盆栽金鱼草叶片生长与光温环境的关系,构建了适合温室金鱼草叶面积指数模拟模型,并用独立试验数据对模型进行了检验,旨在提高温室金鱼草生长和蒸腾模型精度和适用性。结果表明,金鱼草出叶数与出苗后累积辐热积呈指数函数关系;叶片长度与出叶后累积辐热积呈负指数函数关系;金鱼草出叶数、叶片长度和叶面积指数的模拟结果与实测值基于1：1直线间的决定系数R。分别为0．98、0．93、0．99,其回归估计标准误R懈E分别为2．6,0．33cm、0．17。本研究建立的模型能够较准确地预测温室盆栽金鱼草叶面积指教动态,参数少且易获取、实用性强。     

灌溉水稻生长发育和潜力产量的模拟模型

本文提出的HDRICE模型是灌溉水稻生长的生理生态模型,它由相互衍接的水稻形态发育、干物质积累和叶面积发育三模块组成。形态发育模块用以模拟逐日温度和日长对水稻发育的影响,其参数可反映水稻品种的基本营养性、感温性和感光性;干物质积累模块用以模拟冠层CO_2同化、作物的维持呼吸和生长呼吸及干物质分配等过程;叶面积发育模块用以模拟叶面积指数的动态。本文还讨论了模型的输入参数和模型检验。模型可应用于模拟水稻的生长发育,预测水稻品种潜在产量及为取得潜在产量所必需的群体数量指标。     

基于生理发育时间的日光温室茄子发育模拟模型

本研究将温度对茄子发育速率影响效应的大小用相对热效应(RTE)来衡量,通过研究Beta函数的性质提出基于幂函数的模型来描述RTE与温度之间的关系.采用生理发育时间(Physiological Development'Time,PDT)作为定量发育进程的尺度,建立了温室茄子发育模拟模型.利用模型对日光温室2年3茬茄子生长发育期资料进行检验的结果表明:模型能较好地预测各个发育期(发芽、苗期、开花座果、结果和采收期)的出现时间和持续时间,各生育期模拟值与观测值的回归估计标准误差(RMSE)分别为1.0d,1.73d,0.82d,1.41d,2.38d,显著优于以有效积温模拟模型的预测精度(其生育期模拟的RMSE分别为2.38d,7.14d,1.73d,5.07d,8.25d).     

灰树花深层培养的生长动力学与计算机模拟

研究了灰树花的生长特性,建立了灰树花的生长速率模型和基质消耗动力学模型;并运用SIMULINK仿真环境,建立了灰树花在培养过程中的主要因素通气量和pH对菌丝生物影响的模型,结果表明,模拟结果较理想。     

温室作物生物量积累率二阶差分模型

为了研究温室作物生物量积累的变化过程,本文构建了一类二阶差分模型,该模型具有有界性、单调性与全局渐近稳定性.对实验数据的模拟表明,该模型能很好解释温室黄瓜生物量轨迹运动趋势与干重积累率增长特性,比原有的生长模型拟合效果好.     

A Dynamic Model for Plant Growth: Validation Study Under Changing Temperatures

A dynamic simulation model to describe vegetative growth ofplants, for which some functions and parameter values have beenestimated previously by optimization search techniques and numericalexperimentation based on data from constant temperature experiments,is validated under conditions of changing temperatures. To testthe predictive capacity of the model, dry matter accumulationin the leaves, stems, and roots of tobacco plants (Nicotianatabacum L.) was measured at 2- or 3-day intervals during a 5-weekperiod when temperatures in controlled-environment rooms wereprogrammed for changes at weekly and daily intervals and inascending or descending sequences within a range of 14 to 34°C. Simulations of dry matter accumulation and distributionwere carried out using the programmed changes for experimentaltemperatures and compared with the measured values. The agreementbetween measured and predicted values was close and indicatesthat the temperature-dependent functional forms derived fromconstant-temperature experiments are adequate for modellingplant growth responses to conditions of changing temperatureswith switching intervals as short as 1 day. Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco, translocation, partitioning, root growth, shoot growth     

农业观光温室中植物栽培管理技术

进行农业观光项目的建设 ,对于发展农业高科技 ,推广作物新品种具有重要意义。而建设农业观光温室 ,更兼有科普教育、休息、游乐的功能 ,可为地方增加旅游资源 ,为发展经济服务。本文就农业观光温室内的栽培系统 ,植物品种的种植安排 ,栽培管理等方面作了较为深入的研究 ,经过几年的试验和运作 ,效果良好 ,实践证明本套技术是可行的。     

A Lifecycle Model to Evaluate Carbon Sequestration Potential and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics of Managed Grasslands

Soil amendments can increase net primary productivity (NPP) and soil carbon (C) sequestration in grasslands, but the net greenhouse gas fluxes of amendments such as manure, compost, and inorganic fertilizers remain unclear. To evaluate opportunities for climate change mitigation through soil amendment applications, we designed a field-scale model that quantifies greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) from the production, application, and ecosystem response of soil amendments. Using this model, we developed a set of case studies for grazed annual grasslands in California. Sensitivity tests were performed to explore the impacts of model variables and management options. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to provide estimates of the potential error associated with variables where literature data were sparse or spanned wide ranges. In the base case scenario, application of manure slurries led to net emissions of 14 Mg CO₂e ha^?1 over a 3-year period. Inorganic N fertilizer resulted in lower greenhouse gas emissions than the manure (3 Mg CO₂e ha^?1), assuming equal rates of N addition and NPP response. In contrast, composted manure and plant waste led to large offsets that exceeded emissions, saving 23 Mg CO₂e ha^?1 over 3 years. The diversion of both feedstock materials from traditional high-emission waste management practices was the largest source of the offsets; secondary benefits were also achieved, including increased plant productivity, soil C sequestration, and reduced need for commercial feeds. The greenhouse gas saving rates suggest that compost amendments could result in significant offsets to greenhouse gas emissions, amounting to over 28 MMg CO₂e when scaled to 5% of California rangelands. We found that the model was highly sensitive to manure and landfill management factors and less dependent on C sequestration, NPP, and soil greenhouse gas effluxes. The Monte Carlo analyses indicated that compost application to grasslands is likely to lead to net greenhouse gas offsets across a broad range of potential environmental and management conditions. We conclude that applications of composted organic matter to grasslands can contribute to climate change mitigation while sustaining productive lands and reducing waste loads.     

Ability of Clonostachys rosea to Establish and Suppress Sporulation Potential of Botrytis cinerea in Deleafed Stems of Hydroponic Greenhouse Tomatoes

The ability of Clonostachys rosea to establish and persist in deleafed tomato stems and to suppress sporulation potential of Botrytis cinerea was investigated in plots of hydroponic tomatoes in commercial greenhouses. Leaves near lower fruit clusters were removed according to standard practice and deleafed portions of the stems were treated with C. rosea , iprodione or water. Inoculum of B. cinerea was from natural infections. Stem lesions were not produced by the pathogen during the trials. Development of C. rosea and B. cinerea in stems was estimated indirectly by quantifying sporulation on excised stem tissues that were incubated on an agar medium containing paraquat. Incidence and area of sporulation of C. rosea on tissue pieces were high (76-99%) and moderately high (33-79%), respectively, when stems were treated with the agent at 0, 6, 24 or 48 h after deleafing and sampled 11 to 75 days later. In various instances, the agent also sporulated on tissues from water controls and iprodione treatments, apparently after interplot transmission. In most instances, incidence and area of sporulation of B. cinerea on tissue pieces were high (83-100%) and moderate to high (35-76%), respectively, in the water controls, but moderate (31-44%) and moderate to low (5-34%), respectively, for stems treated with C. rosea at 0 to 48 h after deleafing and sampled after 11-75 days. Without exception, C. rosea suppressed B. cinerea as or more effectively than iprodione. Correlations between inoculum density of C. rosea (0-10 6 conidia mL -1 ) and sporulation potential of B. cinerea in deleafed stems were strongly negative in each of three tests ( r = -0.95 to -0.99). Conidial suspensions and a talc formulation of C. rosea were of similar effectiveness against B. cinerea . We conclude that C. rosea persisted and suppressed sporulation potential of B. cinerea in deleafed tomato stems for at least 11 weeks after application.     

干旱胁迫下桃树果实直径的动态模拟

根据SPAC理论和果实的体积公式我们模拟出了桃树(Prunus persica var.nec- tarina Maxim.)果实直径的动态变化.数值模拟表明果实的水势在晴天大致呈正弦规律波动,阴天的水势变化比较平缓.果实贮存水的变化与水势的变化率成正比.果实直径呈波动式增长,早晨最大,傍晚最小,晚上平稳增大,在阴天的变化较小,干旱胁迫处理后直径的大小和振幅均小于对照.直径的变化是由水势的变化引起的,而水势的变化最终由气象因子、土壤水势和植物自身的特性所决定.在整个生长季果实直径的生长大致呈“S”型曲线,可用Logistic曲线来拟和.