酶制氨基酸饮料及影响因素的研究

报道了利用大豆和牛奶为原料 ,经过微生物酶制剂水解作用生产氨基酸饮料的工艺技术。结果表明 ,该饮料营养丰富 ,其中含有 17种以上氨基酸和多种维生素以及矿物质。是目前市面上少有的纯天然植物蛋白为原料的营养型饮料。     

番石榴叶的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

综述番石榴叶化学成分和药理活性的研究进展.     

番石榴4个品种叶和幼果的生物活性和酚类成分研究

为提高番石榴（Psidium guajava）副产物的综合利用率,测定了‘珍珠’、‘水蜜’、‘红宝石’和‘西瓜’4个品种叶和幼果提取物中的酚类与黄酮含量,并分析了其与清除DPPH·、ABTS⁺、HO·自由基能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的相关性,并用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）分析了提取物的酚类成分。结果表明,4个番石榴品种叶的酚类和黄酮含量、清除自由基能力、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性均显著高于幼果,‘珍珠’叶的酚类含量最高,生物活性最强。酚类、黄酮含量与清除自由基能力呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。UPLC-MS/MS鉴定结果表明,4个品种叶酚类含量较高的均为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷、鞣花酸和杨梅苷,除鞣花酸外大部分存在于叶的酚类成分也存在于幼果中,且含量显著高于幼果。因此,4个品种中,‘珍珠’叶是开发天然抗氧化剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的优良资源。     

玫瑰普洱茶饮料研制

以普洱茶和玫瑰花为主要原料,采用正交试验技术、酶解技术、常规浸提技术等方法,制备茶饮料。结果表明,浸提最佳工艺参数是玫瑰普洱原料的拼配比例为玫瑰干花32.5%,一年陈熟普洱茶67.5%;浸提时间40 min,茶水质量比1∶25,浸提温度90 ℃,浸提2次;浸提液加入0.08%单宁酶和0.04%风味蛋白酶进行酶解,玫瑰普洱提取液71.40 mL,白砂糖41.60 g,Vc 0.20 g,柠檬酸钠0.14 g,水893.19 mL。该饮料审评结果为汤色较红亮,澄清;玫瑰香气明显,茶香足陈香明显,滋味醇香爽口,温润滑舌,且在一年常温保质期内无沉淀生成。     

青龙饮料与蛇胆饮料对小鼠促生长及耐力对比实验研究（二）

青龙饮料是在蛇胆饮料基础上,采取新配方的保健饮料.为了探讨其保健功能是否优于蛇胆饮料,我们对小鼠进行了促生长和耐力对比试验。现将结果报道如下:1 材料与方法1.1 实验饮料:青龙饮料和蛇胆饮料是由沈阳龙宝保健食品制造公司生产。1.2 实验动物与分组:小鼠是由解放军     

番石榴叶化学成分分离鉴定及psiguadial D的抗癌活性研究

本文对番石榴Psidium guajava叶的化学成分进行分离鉴定并对部分化合物抗肿瘤活性进行评价。采用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI柱色谱和制备液相色谱等方法对番石榴叶甲醇提取物的化学成分进行分离纯化,运用现代波谱技术鉴定了13个化合物,分别为4,5-diepipsidial A(1)、psidial A(2)、guajadial(3)、psiguadial A(4)、psiguadial D(5)、α-生育酚(6)、亚油酸(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(8)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(9)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、儿茶素(12)、没食子酸(13)。其中化合物1为首次从天然产物中分离得到。化合物5对人体肿瘤细胞株HL-60、SMMC-7721、A-549、MCF-7、SW-480均显示出较为明显的抑制活性,半数抑制浓度为4.08~11.23μmol/L。     

桔小实蝇与番石榴实蝇幼虫的种间竞争研究

本文研究了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)与番石榴实蝇Bactrocera correcta （Bezzi）幼虫在实验室2种环境温度,4种寄主及5个虫口数量比例条件下的种间竞争现象。结果显示,在温度26℃以桃和香蕉为寄主条件下,桔小实蝇存活率高于番石榴实蝇;以芒果为寄主情况下两者存活率差异不显著;以番石榴作为寄主,虫口数量较大的一方具有竞争优势。在温度33℃条件下,就所测试的各种寄主,番石榴实蝇均具有竞争优势。分析发现,温度是影响番石榴实蝇幼虫存活率的关键环境因素;虫口比例对于桔小实蝇的存活率有重要影响;在不同的寄主中,桔小实蝇与番石榴实蝇的存活率也表现出较大的变化,寄主种类与温度及虫量形成综合效应,决定了桔小实蝇与番石榴实蝇竞争的最终结局。     

番石榴叶提取物对高脂性肥胖小鼠的减肥降脂作用的研究

目的:研究番石榴叶提取物对小鼠肥胖模型的减肥、降脂作用。方法:①利用高脂饲料喂养,建立小鼠肥胖模型;②小鼠肥胖模型初步建立后,以体重、热量摄取、腹部脂肪系数、空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)为指标,通过普通饲料阴性组,阳性对照药非诺贝特给药组比较,探求番石榴叶提取物的减肥、降脂作用及其剂量依赖关系。结果:①与Nomal组比较,HFD组的小鼠体重、热量摄取、腹部脂肪系数、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C显著增加;②给药后,3个剂量番石榴叶提取物组的小鼠体重、腹部脂肪系数、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C均明显低于高脂饲料组,且呈显著或极显著差异,并与阳性对照组无明显差异;③3个剂量番石榴叶提取物组的减肥、降脂作用存在一定的效应-剂量关系,即LD组(50mg/Kg)MD组(100 mg/Kg)HD组(200 mg/Kg)。结论:番石榴叶60%乙醇提物对小鼠肥胖症和高脂血症有一定的预防和治疗作用,3个剂量组中HD组(200 mg/Kg)效果最好,可望开发为减肥降脂的纯天然药物。     

番石榴果肉挥发物化学组成及对桔小实蝇产卵行为的影响

本文研究了番石榴果肉挥发物化学组成及对桔小实蝇产卵行为的影响.通过气相色谱与质谱联用对番石榴果肉挥发物进行了分析,并比较了番石榴果肉挥发物和不同引诱物对桔小实蝇成虫诱集虫口数和产卵量的差异.化学组成分析结果表明,检出的番石榴果肉挥发物共18种化合物,含量最高的为乙酸叶醇酯,占40.07％,其次为石竹烯,占23.55％.桔小实蝇成虫产卵行为生测结果表明,番石榴果肉对桔小实蝇的引诱效果显著高于蔗糖、清水对照和空白对照,但低于水解蛋白.番石榴果肉和水解蛋白具有诱集桔小实蝇产卵的作用,桔小实蝇在番石榴果肉和水解蛋白两个处理上24 h产卵量分别为6.80±0.23和7.07 ±0.16粒/管,显著高于桔小实蝇在其它处理上的产卵量.桔小实蝇的产卵量随番石榴果肉重量增加而增加,当番石榴果肉增加至11g时,桔小实蝇的产卵量达最大值46.32±0.35粒/管.     

番石榴叶乙醇提取物中熊果酸富集的初步研究

对番石榴Psidium guajava叶乙醇提取物中熊果酸富集工艺的除杂和酸碱富集主要环节进行优化试验。结果表明,最佳富集工艺为：以料液比为1∶50的水和石油醚除去杂质;酸碱富集过程中富集条件以10% NaOH碱化提取液pH=14,再以5% H2SO4酸化调节pH=3,用1倍样品溶液体积的pH=3酸性水溶液稀释。终产品中熊果酸的纯度和回收率分别为17.74%和85.12%。     

Terpene hydrocarbons from Psidium guajava

An extract of whole guava puree, after TLC and GLC, showed the presence of two monoterpenes and nine sesquiterpenes. β-Caryophyllene comprised 95% of this fraction. Possible significance of these hydrocarbons to natural insect attractants and to guava aroma is noted.     

Triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava

The resin of Commiphora kwo yielded two new octanordammarane triterpenes namely 15 alpha-hydroxymansumbinone and 28-acetoxy-15 alpha-hydroxymansumbinone, along with the four known compounds, mansumbinone, mansumbinol, (16S, 20R)-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-one and T-cadinol. These structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis.     

套袋对番石榴果实品质的影响

以新世纪番石榴品种为试材,研究套袋对番石榴果实品质的影响。结果表明,套袋可加速番石榴果实发育,明显增加果实大小和重量;透明和红色套袋对果实可溶性固形物含量影响不大,黑色套袋降低了果实可溶性固形物含量;套袋使果皮光滑,病虫害显著减少,并改善了果实着色。     

Hepatoprotective activity of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract

The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of P. guajava in acute experimental liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol or thioacetamide and chronic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. The effects observed were compared with a known hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. In the acute liver damage induced by different hepatotoxins, P. guajava leaf extracts (250 and 500mg/kg, po) significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. The higher dose of the extract (500 mg/kg, po) prevented the increase in liver weight when compared to hepatoxin treated control, while the lower dose was ineffective except in the paracetamol induced liver damage. In the chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, the higher dose (500 mg/kg, po) of P. guajava leaf extract was found to be more effective than the lower dose (250 mg/kg, po). Histological examination of the liver tissues supported the hepatoprotection. It is concluded that the aqueous extract of leaves of guava plant possesses good hepatoprotective activity.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Psidium guajava L.

A (GA)_n and (GT)_n microsatellite‐enriched library was constructed and 23 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were characterized in the guava species (Psidium guajava L.). All SSR loci were found to be polymorphic after screening for diversity in different cultivars, and across‐taxa amplification tests showed the potential transferability of most SSR markers in three other Psidium species. First to be published for P. guajava, this new SSR resource will be a powerful tool for genetic studies of guava, including cultivars identification and linkage mapping, as well as potentially for interspecific genetic studies within the genus Psidium.     

采后番石榴贮藏期间的外形和生理变化（简报）

番石榴采后枯水严重,硬度迅速下降;贮藏前期呼吸缓慢,至１１d后加剧,第１３天出现跃变高峰;贮藏３d后开始翻放乙烯,以后急剧上升,第１３天达高峰;组织的ＰＨ值呈酸性（ＰＨ４－５）果皮的ＰＨ值一直呈上升趋势,而果肉的ＰＨ值却恒定在４．２左右;果皮的质膜相对透性高于果肉;室温贮藏１０d,番石榴的商品品质迅速下降。     

Psidium guajava L. anti-neoplastic effects: induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation

Objectives: Curative properties of medicinal plants such as Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) have often been indicated by epidemiological studies on populations in which these fruits are consumed daily. However, complete characterization of the active principles responsible for this ability has never been performed. Here, we have characterized P. guajava’s anti‐cancer potential and identified the parts of the fruit involved in its anti‐neoplastic action. Materials and methods: We studied morphology of our cells, cell cycle characteristics and apoptosis and performed immunostaining, differentiation and western blot analyses. Results: We report that the P. guajava extract exerted anti‐cancer control on both haematological and solid neoplasias. P. guajava extract’s anti‐tumour properties were found to be tightly bound to induction of apoptosis and differentiation. Use of ex vivo myeloid leukaemia blasts corroborated that P. guajava was able to induce cell death but did not exhibit anti‐cancer effects on all malignant cells investigated, indicating selective activity against certain types of tumour. Analyses of P. guajava pulp, peel and seeds identified the pulp as being the most relevant component for causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas peel was responsible for causing cell differentiation. P. guajava itself and its pulp‐derived extract were found to induce apoptosis accompanied by caspase activation and p16, p21, Fas ligand (FASL TNF super‐family, member 6), Bcl‐2‐associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and tumour necrosis factor receptor super‐family, member 10b (DR5), overexpression. Conclusions: Our findings showed that P. guajava L. extract was able to exert anti‐cancer activity on cultures in vitro and ex vivo, supporting the hypothesis of its anti malignant pro‐apoptotic modulation.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮的研究

考察大孔吸附树脂吸附分离番石榴叶总黄酮的工艺条件.以静态饱和吸附量、静态洗脱率、动态饱和吸附量、动态洗脱率为考察指标,比较了D101、AB-8两种大孔树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮的优劣.又以总黄酮回收率为指标,对最佳树脂吸附工艺参数进行了研究.在考察的2种树脂中,AB-8型树脂最适于番石榴叶总黄酮的分离纯化,其工艺条件为:4倍树脂体积50%乙醇洗脱,速度2mL/min.树脂可重复使用4次.其平均总黄酮回收率为87.47%.所得总黄酮纯度为74.03%