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1.
H. El Attari P. M. Hayes A. Rebai G. Barrault G. Dechamp-Guillaume A. Sarrafi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(1):95-100
Genetic variability for partial resistance to bacterial leaf streak in barley, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. hordei, was investigated in 119 doubled-haploid lines (DH) developed by the Hordeum bulbosum method from the F1 progeny of the cross between two cultivars, ‘Morex’ (resistant) and ‘Steptoe’ (susceptible). Two experiments were undertaken
in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, in a controlled growth chamber. Twenty seeds per replicate were
planted in plastic containers (60×40×8 cm) containing moistened vermiculite. At the two-leaf stage seedlings were inoculated
with an Iranian strain of the pathogen. Genetic variability was observed among the 119 DH lines for partial resistance to
the disease. Some DH lines were significantly more resistant than ‘Morex’ (resistant parent) to bacterial leaf streak. Genetic
gain in percentage of resistant parent for 5% of the selected DH lines was significant (47.70% and 33.72% in the first and
the second experiment, respectively). A QTL analysis of bacterial leaf streak resistance showed that three QTLs were detected
on chromosomes 3 and 7. Multilocus allelic effects of the three QTLs account for almost 54% of the mean difference between
the parents and nearly 30% of the phenotypic variation of the trait in the mean experiment. The resistance locus on chromosome
3, near ABG377, apprears to be a major gene.
Received: 15 July 1997 / Accepted: 4 August 1997 相似文献
2.
L. A. Marquez-Cedillo P. M. Hayes A. Kleinhofs W. G. Legge B. G. Rossnagel K. Sato S. E. Ullrich D. M. Wesenberg 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(4):625-637
A better understanding of the genetics of complex traits, such as yield, may be achieved by using molecular tools. This study
was conducted to estimate the number, genome location, effect and allele phase of QTLs determining agronomic traits in the
two North American malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) quality variety standards. Using a doubled haploid population of 140 lines from the cross of two-rowed Harrington×six-rowed
Morex, agronomic phenotypic data sets from nine environments, and a 107-marker linkage map, we performed QTL analyses using
simple interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping procedures. Thirty-five QTLs were associated, either across
environments or in individual environments, with five grain and agronomic traits (yield, kernel plumpness, test weight, heading
date, and plant height). Significant QTL×environment interaction was detected for all traits. These interactions resulted
from both changes in the magnitude of response and changes in the sign of the allelic effect. QTLs for multiple traits were
coincident. The vrs1 locus on chromosome 2 (2H), which determines inflorescence row type, was coincident with the largest-effect QTL determining
four traits (yield, kernel plumpness, test weight, and plant height). QTL analyses were also conducted separately for each
sub-population (six-rowed and two-rowed). Seven new QTLs were detected in the sub-populations. Positive transgressive segregants
were found for all traits, but they were more prevalent in the six-rowed sub-population.QTL analysis should be useful for
identifying candidate genes and introgressing favorable alleles between germplasm groups.
Received: 18 August 2000 / Accepted: 15 December 2000 相似文献
3.
Ma Z Zhao D Zhang C Zhang Z Xue S Lin F Kong Z Tian D Luo Q 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2007,277(1):31-42
Kernel number per spike is one of the most important yield components of wheat. To map QTLs related to kernel number including
spike length (SPL), spikelet number per spike (SPN), fertile spikelet number (FSPN), sterile spikelet number (SSPN) and compactness,
and to characterize the inheritance modes of the QTLs and two-locus interactions, 136 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived
from ‘Nanda2419’ x ‘Wangshuibai’ and an immortalized F2 population (IF2) generated by randomly permutated intermating of these RILs were investigated. QTL mapping made use of the previously constructed
over 3300 cM linkage map of the RIL population. Three, five, two, two and six chromosome regions were identified, respectively,
for their association with SPL, SPN, FSPN, SSPN, and compactness in at least two of the three environments examined. All compactness
QTLs but one shared the respective intervals of QSpn.nau-5A and the SPL QTLs. Xcfd46–Xwmc702 interval on chromosome 7D was related to all traits but SSPN and had consistently the largest effects. The fact that not
all the compactness QTL intervals were related to both SPL and SPN indicates that compactness is regulated by different mechanisms.
Interval coincidence between QTLs of SPL and SPN and between QTLs of FSPN and SSPN was minimal. For all the traits, favorable
alleles exist in both parents. Inheritance modes from additiveness to overdominance of the QTLs were revealed and two-locus
interactions were detected, implying that the traits studied are under complex genetic control. The results could contribute
to wheat yield improvement and better use of Wangshuibai and Nanda2419 the two special germplasms in wheat breeding program. 相似文献
4.
Association of a major groat oil content QTL and an acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene in oat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. F. Kianian M. A. Egli R. L. Phillips H. W. Rines D. A. Somers B. G. Gengenbach F. H. Webster S. M. Livingston S. Groh L. S. O’Donoughue M. E. Sorrells D. M. Wesenberg D. D. Stuthman R. G. Fulcher 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(6-7):884-894
Oat groats are unique among cereals for the high level and the embryo-plus-endosperm localization of lipids. Genetic manipulation
of groat quality traits such as oil is desired for optimizing the value of oat in human and livestock diets. A locus having
a major effect on oil content in oat groats was located on linkage group 11 by single-factor analysis of variance, simple
interval mapping and simplified composite interval mapping. A partial oat cDNA clone for plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase
(ACCase), which catalyzes the first committed step in de novo fatty acid synthesis, identified a polymorphism linked to this
major QTL. Similar QTL and ACCase locus placements were obtained with two recombinant inbred populations, ‘Kanota’בOgle’
(KO) and ‘Kanota’בMarion’ (KM), containing 137 and 139 individual lines, respectively. By having a common parent these populations
provide biological replication of the results in that significant genomic regions should be evident in analyses of multiple
cross combinations. The KO population was mapped with 150 RFLP loci distributed over the genome and was grown in five diverse
environments (locations and years) for measurement of groat oil content. The KM population was mapped with 60 RFLP loci and
grown in three environments. The QTL linked to AccaseA on linkage group 11 accounted for up to 48% of the phenotypic variance for groat oil content. These results provide strong
support for the hypothesis that ACCase has a major role in determining groat oil content. Other QTLs were identified in both
populations which accounted for an additional 10–20% of the phenotypic variance.
Received: 2 July 1998 / Accepted: 3 November 1998 相似文献
5.
Kuchel H Williams KJ Langridge P Eagles HA Jefferies SP 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(8):1029-1041
Grain yield forms one of the key economic drivers behind a successful wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping enterprise and is consequently a major target for wheat breeding programmes. However, due to its complex nature,
little is known regarding the genetic control of grain yield. A doubled-haploid population, comprising 182 individuals, produced
from a cross between two cultivars ‘Trident’ and ‘Molineux’, was used to construct a linkage map based largely on microsatellite
molecular makers. ‘Trident’ represents a lineage of wheat varieties from southern Australia that has achieved consistently
high relative grain yield across a range of environments. In comparison, ‘Molineux’ would be rated as a variety with low to
moderate grain yield. The doubled-haploid population was grown from 2002 to 2005 in replicated field experiments at a range
of environments across the southern Australian wheat belt. In total, grain yield data were recorded for the population at
18 site-year combinations. Grain yield components were also measured at three of these environments. Many loci previously
found to be involved in the control of plant height, rust resistance and ear-emergence were found to influence grain yield
and grain yield components in this population. An additional nine QTL, apparently unrelated to these traits, were also associated
with grain yield. A QTL associated with grain yield on chromosome 1B, with no significant relationship with plant height,
ear-emergence or rust resistance, was detected (LOD ≥2) at eight of the 18 environments. The mean yield, across 18 environments,
of individuals carrying the ‘Molineux’ allele at the 1B locus was 4.8% higher than the mean grain yield of those lines carrying
the ‘Trident’ allele at this locus. Another QTL identified on chromosome 4D was also associated with overall gain yield at
six of the 18 environments. Of the nine grain yield QTL not shown to be associated with plant height, phenology or rust resistance,
two were located near QTL associated with grain yield components. A third QTL, associated with grain yield components at each
of the environments used for testing, was located on chromosome 7D. However, this QTL was not associated with grain yield
at any of the environments. The implications of these findings on marker-assisted selection for grain yield are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Cassandra K. Walker J. F. Panozzo R. Ford P. Eckermann D. Moody A. Lehmensiek R. Appels 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,122(1):151-162
A breeding objective for the malting barley industry is to produce lines with softer, plumper grain containing moderate protein
content (9–12%) as they are more likely to imbibe water readily and contain more starch per grain, which in turn produces
higher levels of malt extract. In a malting barley mapping population, ‘Arapiles’ × ‘Franklin’, the most significant and robust
quantitative trait locus (QTL) for endosperm hardness was observed on the short arm of chromosome 1H, across three environments
over two growing seasons. This accounted for 22.6% (Horsham 2000), 26.8% (Esperance 2001), and 12.0% (Tarranyurk 2001) of
the genetic variance and significantly increased endosperm hardness by 2.06–3.03 SKCS hardness units. Interestingly, Arapiles
and Franklin do not vary in Ha locus alleles. Therefore, this region, near the centromere on chromosome 1H, may be of great importance when aiming to manipulate
endosperm hardness and malting quality. Interestingly, this region, close to the centromere on chromosome 1H, in our study,
aligns with the region of the genome that includes the HvCslF9 and the HvGlb1 genes. Potentially, one or both of these genes could be considered to be candidate genes that influence endosperm hardness
in the barley grain. Additional QTLs for endosperm hardness were detected on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 6H and 7H, confirming that
the hardness trait in barley is complex and multigenic, similar to many malting quality traits of interest. 相似文献
7.
Detection and verification of malting quality QTLs using wild barley introgression lines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Inga Schmalenbach Klaus Pillen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(8):1411-1427
A malting quality quantitative trait locus (QTL) study was conducted using a set of 39 wild barley introgression lines (hereafter
abbreviated with S42ILs). Each S42IL harbors a single marker-defined chromosomal segment from the wild barley accession ‘ISR
42-8’ (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) within the genetic background of the elite spring barley cultivar ‘Scarlett’ (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare). The aim of the study was (1) to verify genetic effects previously identified in the advanced backcross population S42,
(2) to detect new QTLs, and (3) to identify S42ILs exhibiting multiple QTL effects. For this, grain samples from field tests
in three different environments were subjected to micro malting. Subsequently, a line × phenotype association study was performed
with the S42ILs in order to localize putative QTL effects. A QTL was accepted if the trait value of a particular S42IL was
significantly (P < 0.05) different from the recurrent parent as a control, either across all tested environments or in a particular environment.
For eight malting quality traits, altogether 40 QTLs were localized, among which 35 QTLs (87.5%) were stable across all environments.
Six QTLs (15.0%) revealed a trait improving wild barley effect. Out of 36 QTLs detected in a previous advanced backcross QTL
study with the parent BC2DH population S42, 18 QTLs (50.0%) could be verified with the S42IL set. For the quality parameters α-amylase activity and
Hartong 45°C, all QTLs assessed in population S42 were verified by S42ILs. In addition, eight new QTL effects and 17 QTLs
affecting two newly investigated traits were localized. Two QTL clusters harboring simultaneous effects on eight and six traits,
respectively, were mapped to chromosomes 1H and 4H. In future, fine-mapping of these QTL regions will be conducted in order
to shed further light on the genetic basis of the most interesting QTLs. 相似文献
8.
U. Kumar A. K. Joshi S. Kumar R. Chand M. S. R?der 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(3):477-491
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a destructive disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world. To identify quantitative trait loci
(QTLs) for spot blotch resistance, two mapping populations were developed by making the crosses between common susceptible
cultivar ‘Sonalika’ with the resistant breeding lines ‘Ning 8201’ and ‘Chirya 3’. Single seed descent derived F6, F7, F8 lines of the first cross ‘Ning 8201’ × ‘Sonalika’ were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch in three blocks in each of
the 3 years. After screening of 388 pairs of simple sequence repeat primers between the two parents, 119 polymorphic markers
were used to genotype the mapping population. Four QTLs were identified on the chromosomes 2AS, 2BS, 5BL and 7DS and explained
62.9% of phenotypic variation in a simultaneous fit. The QTL on chromosome 2A was detected only in 1 year and explained 22.7%
of phenotypic variation. In the second cross (‘Chirya 3’ × ‘Sonalika’), F7 and F8 population were evaluated in three blocks in each of the 2 years. In this population, five QTLs were identified on chromosomes
2BS, 2DS, 3BS, 7BS and 7DS. The QTLs identified in the ‘Chirya 3’ × ‘Sonalika’ population explained 43.4% of phenotypic variation
in a simultaneous fit. The alleles for reduced disease severity in both the populations were derived from the respective resistant
parent. The QTLs QSb.bhu-2B and QSb.bhu-7D from both populations were placed in the same deletion bins, 2BS1-0.53-0.75 and 7DS5-0.36-0.61, respectively. The closely
linked markers Xgwm148 to the QTL on chromosome 2B and Xgwm111 to the QTL on chromosome 7D are potentially diagnostic markers for spot blotch resistance. 相似文献
9.
F. Han S. E. Ullrich A. Kleinhofs B. L. Jones P. M. Hayes D. M. Wesenberg 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):903-910
Current techniques for quantitative trait locus (QTLs) analyses provide only approximate locations of QTLs on chromosomes.
Further resolution of identified QTL regions is often required for detailed characterization. An important region containing
malting-quality QTLs on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chromosome 1 was identified by previous QTL analyses in a Steptoe×Morex cross. This region contains two putative adjacent
overlapping QTLs, each of which has effects on malt-extract percentage, α-amylase activity, diastatic power, and malt β-glucan
content. All favorable alleles for these traits are attributed to Morex. The objective of the present study was fine structure
mapping of this complex QTL region to elucidate whether these two putative overlapping QTLs are really one QTL. Another question
was whether the apparently overlapping QTLs are due to the pleiotropic effects of a single gene, or the independent effects
of several genes. A high-resolution map in the target region was developed which spans approximately 27 cM. Molecular-marker-assisted
backcrossing was employed to create isogenic lines with a Steptoe background differing only in the region containing the QTLs
of interest. A total of 32 different recombinants were identified, of which eight most-informative isogenic lines plus one
reconstructed Steptoe control were selected for field testing. The additive effects on malt-extract percentage, α-amylase
activity, diastatic power, and malt β-glucan content from eight isogenic lines were calculated based on malting data from
three locations. By comparing the significant additive effects among isogenic lines carrying different Morex fragments, two
QTLs each for malt extract and for α-amylase, and two to three for diastatic power were identified in certain environments
and resolved into 1–8-cM genome fragments. There was a significant QTL×environment interaction for diastatic power, and there
are indications that epistatic interactions for malt β-glucan content occur between the QTLs on chromosome 1 and QTLs on other
chromosomes.
Received : 4 June 1997 / Accepted : 19 June 1997 相似文献
10.
Targeted discovery of quantitative trait loci for resistance to northern leaf blight and other diseases of maize 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chung CL Poland J Kump K Benson J Longfellow J Walsh E Balint-Kurti P Nelson R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(2):307-326
To capture diverse alleles at a set of loci associated with disease resistance in maize, heterogeneous inbred family (HIF)
analysis was applied for targeted QTL mapping and near-isogenic line (NIL) development. Tropical maize lines CML52 and DK888
were chosen as donors of alleles based on their known resistance to multiple diseases. Chromosomal regions (“bins”; n = 39) associated with multiple disease resistance (MDR) were targeted based on a consensus map of disease QTLs in maize.
We generated HIFs segregating for the targeted loci but isogenic at ~97% of the genome. To test the hypothesis that CML52
and DK888 alleles at MDR hotspots condition broad-spectrum resistance, HIFs and derived NILs were tested for resistance to
northern leaf blight (NLB), southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), anthracnose leaf blight (ALB), anthracnose stalk
rot (ASR), common rust, common smut, and Stewart’s wilt. Four NLB QTLs, two ASR QTLs, and one Stewart’s wilt QTL were identified.
In parallel, a population of 196 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from B73 × CML52 was evaluated for resistance to
NLB, GLS, SLB, and ASR. The QTLs mapped (four for NLB, five for SLB, two for GLS, and two for ASR) mostly corresponded to
those found using the NILs. Combining HIF- and RIL-based analyses, we discovered two disease QTLs at which CML52 alleles were
favorable for more than one disease. A QTL in bin 1.06–1.07 conferred resistance to NLB and Stewart’s wilt, and a QTL in 6.05
conferred resistance to NLB and ASR. 相似文献
11.
Uttam Kumar Arun K. Joshi Sundeep Kumar Ramesh Chand Marion S. Röder 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(4):783-792
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a destructive disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world. The development of disease resistant
cultivars is considered as the most effective control strategy for spot blotch. An intervarietal mapping population in the
form of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross ‘Yangmai 6’ (a Chinese source of resistance) × ‘Sonalika’
(a spot blotch susceptible cultivar). The 139 single seed descent (SSD) derived F6, F7, F8 lines of ‘Yangmai 6’ × ‘Sonalika’ were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch in three blocks in each of the 3 years. Joint
and/or single year analysis by composite interval mapping (CIM) and likelihood of odd ratio (LOD) >2.2, identified four quantitative
trait loci (QTL) on the chromosomes 2AL, 2BS, 5BL and 6DL. These QTLs were designated as QSb.bhu-2A, QSb.bhu-2B, QSb.bhu-5B and QSb.bhu-6D, respectively. A total of 63.10% of phenotypic variation was explained by these QTLs based on the mean over years. Two QTLs
on chromosomes 2B and 5B with major effects were consistent over 3 years. All QTL alleles for resistance were derived from
the resistant parent ‘Yangmai 6’. 相似文献
12.
Use of the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model in QTL mapping for adaptation in barley 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ignacio Romagosa Steven E. Ullrich Feng Han Patrick M. Hayes 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(1-2):30-37
The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for genotype x environment studies. The objective of the present study was to assess its value in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. This was done through the analysis of a large two-way table of genotype-by-environment data of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain yields, where the genotypes constituted a genetic population suitable for mapping studies. Grain yield data of 150 doubled haploid lines derived from the Steptoe x Morex cross, and the two parental lines, were taken by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project (NABGMP) at 16 environments throughout the barley production areas of the USA and Canada. Four regions of the genome were responsible for most of the differential genotypic expression across environments. They accounted for approximately 50% of the genotypic main effect and 30% of the genotype x environment interaction (GE) sums of squares. The magnitude and sign of AMMI scores for genotypes and sites facilitate inferences about specific interactions. The parallel use of classification (cluster analysis of environments) and ordination (principal component analysis of GE matrix) techniques allowed most of the variation present in the genotype x environment matrix to be summarized in just a few dimensions, specifically four QTLs showing differential adaptation to four clusters of environments. Thus, AMMI genotypic scores, when the genotypes constituted a population suitable for QTL mapping, could provide an adequate way of resolving the magnitude and nature of QTL x environment interactions.Ignacio Romagosa was on sabbatical leave from the University of Lleida and the Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Lleida, Spain, when this study was conducted 相似文献
13.
Verification of yield QTL through realized molecular marker- assisted selection responses in a barley cross 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Romagosa Ignacio Han Feng Ullrich Steven E. Hayes Patrick M. Wesenberg Darrell M. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1999,5(2):143-152
Verification of putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) is an essential step towards implementing the use of marker-assisted
selection (MAS) in cultivar improvement. In a previous study with 150 doubled haploid lines derived from the 6-row cross Steptoe/Morex
(S/M), four regions (QTL1–4) of the barley genome were associated with differential genotypic expression for grain yield across
environments. The objectives of this study were to verify the value of these four QTL for selection and to compare the efficiency
of alternative MAS strategies using these QTL vs. conventional phenotypic selection for grain yield. A total of 92 DHLs derived
from the S/M cross that were not used in the original mapping efforts were used for QTL verification. Confirmation of QTL
effects was first accomplished by assessing yield differences between individuals carrying alternative alleles at each putative
locus in three environments. QTL1 on chromosome 3 was confirmed as the most important and consistent locus to determine yield
across sites, with the S allele being favorable. The M allele at QTL3 on chromosome 6 was beneficial for grain yield across
sites, but to a lesser degree than QTL1. Magnitudes of allele effects at QTL2 (chromosome 2) and QTL4 (chromosome 7) were
highly influenced by the environment where the genotypes were grown. Verification of QTL effects was best achieved by comparing
realized selection response. Genotypic (MAS) and tandem genotypic and phenotypic selection were at least as good as phenotypic
selection. Consistent selection responses were detected for QTL1 alone and together with QTL3. Genotypic selection for lines
carrying the S allele at QTL1 resulted in the identification of high-yielding genotypes. Selection responses increased when
the M allele at QTL3 was combined with the S allele at QTL1. Significant qualitative QTL × environment interactions for QTL2
and QTL4 were detected through differential realized selection responses at different sites. Without a thorough understanding
of the physiological and agronomic particulars of any QTL and the target environment, MAS for QTL showing qualitative interactions
should be minimized
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
K. S. Scheurer W. Friedt W. Huth R. Waugh F. Ordon 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(6-7):1074-1083
One hundred and forty six barley doubled-haploid lines (DH lines) were tested for variation in grain yield, yield components,
plant height, and heading date after artificial infection with a German isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV-Braunschweig).
Of these 146 lines 76 were derived from the cross of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) tolerant cultivar ’Post’ to cv ’Vixen’
(Ryd2) and 70 from the cross of Post to cv ’Nixe’. Phenotypic measurements were gathered on both non-infected plants and plants
artificially inoculated with BYDV-PAV by viruliferous aphids in pot and field experiments for three years at two locations.
For all traits a continuous variation was observed suggesting a quantitative mode of inheritance for tolerance against BYDV-PAV.
Using skeleton maps constructed using SSRs, AFLPs and RAPDs, two QTLs for relative grain yield per plant after BYDV infection,
explaining about 47% of the phenotypic variance, were identified in Post × Vixen at the telomeric region of chromosome 2HL
and at a region containing the Ryd2 gene on chromosome 3HL. In Post × Nixe, a QTL was found in exactly the same chromosome 2HL marker interval. In this cross,
additional QTL were mapped on chromosomes 7H and 4H and together these explained about 40% of the phenotypic variance. QTL
for effects of BYDV infection on yield components, plant height, and heading date generally mapped to the same marker intervals,
or in the vicinity of the QTL for relative grain yield, on chromosomes 2HL and 3HL, suggesting that these regions are of special
importance for tolerance to the Braunschweig isolate of BYDV-PAV. Possible applications of marker-assisted selection for BYDV
tolerance based on these results are discussed.
Received: 1 December 2000 / Accepted: 9 March 2001 相似文献
15.
Zhang G Mergoum M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(6):757-766
Kernel shattering (KS) can cause severe grain yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The introduction of genotypes with Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance has elevated the KS importance. ‘Sumai3,’ the
most commonly used FHB-resistant germplasm worldwide, is reported to be KS susceptible. The objectives of this study were
to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for KS and to determine the relationship between KS and FHB. A recombinant inbred
line population derived from a cross between Sumai3 and ‘Stoa’ was evaluated for KS in five environments and FHB in two field
trials, separately. Four genomic regions on chromosomes 2B, 3B, and 7A were associated with KS. Of them, two major KS QTLs
were detected consistently over three environments and each located proximal to the centromere on chromosomes 3B and 7A. The
resistant alleles at these two QTLs together can reduce KS by 66.1% relative to the reciprocal alleles and by 41.1% compared
to the population mean. The field FHB data revealed four QTLs on chromosomes 2B, 3B, and 7A. Three of these FHB QTLs coincided
with and/or linked to the KS QTLs with opposite allele effects in the corresponding genomic regions, which may explain the
negative correlation (r = −0.29 and P < 0.01) between the KS and FHB infection found in this study. The results in this study indicate that KS and FHB in Sumai3
are, in part, inherited dependently. However, the correlation between KS and FHB is not strong, and the major FHB resistance
QTL on chromosome arm 3BS was not linked to any KS QTL. Our results showed that pyramiding of the two major KS-resistant alleles
and the unlinked major FHB-resistant allele could produce lines with both low values of KS and FHB infection. 相似文献
16.
Breeding for fruit quality traits is complex due to the polygenic (quantitative) nature of the genetic control of these traits.
Therefore, to improve the speed and efficiency of genotype selection, attention in recent years has focused on the identification
of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and molecular markers associated with these QTLs. However, despite the huge potential of
molecular markers in breeding programmes, their implementation in practice has been limited by the lack of information on
the stability of QTLs across different environments and within different genetic backgrounds. Here, we present the results
from a comprehensive analysis of the inheritance of fruit quality traits within a population derived from a cross between
the apple cultivars ‘Telamon’ and ‘Braeburn’ over two successive seasons. A total of 74 different QTLs were identified for
all the major fruit physiological traits including fruit height, diameter, weight and stiffness, flesh firmness, rate of flesh
browning, acidity, the oBrix content and harvest date. Seventeen of these QTLs were ‘major’ QTLs, accounting for over 20%
of the observed population variance of the trait. However, only one third (26) of the identified QTLs were stable over both
harvest years, and of these year-stable QTLs only one was a major QTL. A direct comparison with published QTL results obtained
using other populations (King et al., Theor Appl Genet 102:1227–1235, 2001; Liebhard et al., Plant Mol Biol 52:511–526, 2003)
is difficult because the linkage maps do not share a sufficient number of common markers and due to differences in the trait
evaluation protocols. Nonetheless, our results suggest that for the six fruit quality traits which were measured in all populations,
nine out of a total of 45 QTLs were common or stable across all population × environments combinations. These results are
discussed in the framework of the development and application of molecular markers for fruit quality trait improvement. 相似文献
17.
Kazuhiro Sato Kiyosumi Hori Kazuyoshi Takeda 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,22(4):517-526
Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was evaluated in five recombinant inbred (RI) populations. The RI populations consisted
of top-cross progeny derived from a diallel set of crosses. Each of five two-row barley lines differing in response to FHB
were crossed with ‘Harbin 2-row’. FHB severity was scored on an 11-point scale, where resistant = 0 and susceptible = 10,
based on the ‘cut-spike test’. Disease data were obtained for each population for 2 or 3 years. Linkage maps comprised of
expressed sequence tag (EST) markers were developed for each population and used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection.
Thirty two QTLs were detected using all data sets (individual populations and years). Thirteen QTLs were detected using averages
across years; 10 of these were consistent across the individual year and average data sets. These QTLs clustered at 14 regions,
with clusters on all chromosomes. At 11 of these clusters, Harbin 2-row contributed FHB resistance alleles. No QTLs were detected
near the row type (vrs1) locus in any of the five RI populations, suggesting that the FHB resistance QTL in this region reported in two-row × six-row
crosses may be pleiotropic effect of vrs1. QTL were coincident with the flowering type locus (cly1/Cly2) on chromosome 2H in every population. Some QTL × QTL interactions were significant, but these were smaller than QTL main
effects. Considering the pleiotropic effect of spike morphology on FHB resistance, future FHB resistance mapping efforts in
barley should focus on cross combinations in which alleles at vrs1 are not segregating.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
Simple sequence repeat markers linked to QTL for resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus in melon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Palomares-Rius FJ Viruel MA Yuste-Lisbona FJ López-Sesé AI Gómez-Guillamón ML 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(7):1207-1214
A population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between the Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) resistant genotype TGR-1551 and the susceptible Spanish cultivar ‘Bola de Oro’ has been evaluated for WMV resistance
in spring, fall and growth chamber conditions. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses detected one major QTL (wmv) on linkage group (LG) XI close to the microsatellite marker CMN04_35. This QTL controls the resistance to WMV in the three
environmental conditions evaluated. Other minor QTLs affecting the severity of viral symptoms were identified, but they were
not detected in all the assayed environments. The screening of the marker CMN04_35 in an F2 progeny, derived from the same cross, confirmed the effect of this QTL on the expression of WMV resistance also in early
generations, which evidences the usefulness of this marker for a marker assisted selection program. 相似文献
19.
Genotype and phenotype associations with drought tolerance in barley tested in North Africa 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
B P FORSTER R P ELLIS J MOIR V TALAMÈ M C SANGUINETI R TUBEROSA D THIS B TEULAT-MERAH I AHMED S A E E MARIY H BAHRI M EL OUAHABI N ZOUMAROU-WALLIS M EL-FELLAH M BEN SALEM 《The Annals of applied biology》2004,144(2):157-168
A review is presented of genetic strategies deployed in a 3-yr project on drought tolerance in barley. Data were collected on genetic, physiological and agronomic traits in non-irrigated and irrigated field trials in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. A wide range of barley germplasm (developed from African and European cultivars, adapted landraces and wild barleys) was tested, and positive traits were found in each gene pool. The contrasting environments of the three North African countries had major effects on plant/genotype performance. Genetic effects were also detected, as were genotype × environment interactions. A range of strategies were deployed to investigate the physiology and genetics of quantitative traits associated with field performance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using backcross lines, recombinant inbred lines and doubled haploid mapping populations. A detailed genetic map was generated in the Tadmor × (ER/Apm) recombinant inbred lines, an important mapping population specifically developed by ICARDA (Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) and CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) to study drought. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield and other important morphological and physiological traits were also identified in a population of doubled haploids derived from F2BCj plants from a cross between a cultivar and a wild barley accession. Significantly, the wild parental line was found to contribute a number of positive alleles for yield. Effects of major developmental genes could explain many of the responses observed. QTLs were found to cluster around major genes controlling flowering time (sghI), plant stature (sdwI and arie.GP) and ear type (vrsl), and it is highly likely that the associations represent pleiotropic effects. Some QTLs were associated with candidate genes such as dehydrins and rubisco activase. One of the most significant results was the identification and generation of material that out performed the best local standards in the three participating North African countries; the selected lines have now entered local breeding programmes. The strategies adopted provided information on physiological traits, genotypes and genetic markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection. Target QTLs and their associated genetic markers may be deployed in marker assisted selection programmes to match crop phenology to the field environment. 相似文献
20.
Common loci underlie field resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome in Forrest,Pyramid, Essex,and Douglas 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Njiti VN Meksem K Iqbal MJ Johnson JE Kassem MA Zobrist KF Kilo VY Lightfoot DA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):294-300
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines results in severe yield losses. Resistant cultivars offer the most-effective protection against yield losses but resistant
cultivars such as ’Forrest’ and ’Pyramid’ vary in the nature of their response to SDS. Loci underlying SDS resistance in ’Essex’ × Forrest
are well defined. Our objectives were to identify and characterize loci and alleles that underlie field resistance to SDS
in Pyramid×’Douglas’. SDS disease incidence and disease severity were determined in replicated field trials in six environments
over 4 years. One hundred and twelve polymorphic DNA markers were compared with SDS disease response among 90 recombinant
inbred lines from the cross Pyramid×Douglas. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to SDS derived their beneficial
alleles from Pyramid, identified on linkage group G by BARC-Satt163 (261-bp allele, P=0.0005, R2=16.0%) and linkage group N by BARC-Satt080 (230-bp allele, P=0.0009, R2=15.6%). Beneficial alleles of both QTLs were previously identified in Forrest. A QTL for re- sistance to SDS on linkage group
C2 identified by BARC-Satt307 (292-bp allele, P=0.0008, R2=13.6%) derived the beneficial allele from Douglas. A beneficial allele of this QTL was previously identified in Essex. Recombinant
inbred lines that carry the beneficial alleles for all three QTLs for resistance to SDS were significantly (P≤0.05) more resistant than other recombinant inbred lines . Among these recombinant inbred lines resistance to SDS was environmentally
stable. Therefore, gene pyramiding will be an effective method for developing cultivars with stable resistance to SDS.
Received: 20 October 1999 / Accepted: 22 May 2001 相似文献