人b防御素3和植物des-pGLu1-brazzein融合蛋白表达菌的诱导条件优化及其活性分析

对人b防御素3和植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein嵌合基因的工程菌株BL-pET-hBD3-Bra的IPTG诱导表达条件进行了研究, 同时对所表达的目的蛋白进行了纯化和活性分析。IPTG浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度对菌株生长和目的蛋白表达的试验结果显示: 所取的IPTG浓度(0.2~1.0 mmol/L)对菌株生长和目的蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05); 菌株的生物量随着诱导时间的延长而增加, 6 h优于4 h(P<0.01), 但是蛋白的表达量无明显增加(P>0.05); 其中温度是重要的影响因素, 在30°C诱导时, 目的蛋白的表达量占总蛋白的35%左右。进一步的研究表明, 菌株在30°C~32°C生长, 在 30°C诱导最优。对目的蛋白的活性分析表明, 所得到的hBD3-Bra融合蛋白有甜味, 其甜度大约是蔗糖的200倍, 但是其杀菌活性很弱, 经凝血酶切割后, des-pGlu1-Brazzein的甜度大大提高, 大约为蔗糖甜度的600倍, 重组hBD3对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌活性。     

人β防御素3和植物des-pGLu1-brazzein融合蛋白表达菌的诱导条件优化及其活性分析

对人β防御素3和植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein嵌合基因的工程菌株BL-pET-hBD3-Bra的IPTG诱导表达条件进行了研究,同时对所表达的目的蛋白进行了纯化和活性分析.IPTG浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度对菌株生长和目的蛋白表达的试验结果显示:所取的IPTG浓度(0.2～1.0 mmol/L)对菌株生长和目的蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05);菌株的生物量随着诱导时间的延长而增加,6 h优于4 h(P<0.01),但是蛋白的表达量无明显增加(P>0.05);其中温度是重要的影响因素,在30℃诱导时,目的蛋白的表达量占总蛋白的35%左右.进一步的研究表明,菌株在30℃-32℃生长,在30℃诱导最优.对目的蛋白的活性分析表明,所得到的hBD3-Bra融合蛋白有甜味,其甜度大约是蔗糖的200倍,但是其杀菌活性很弱,经凝血酶切割后,des-pGlu1-Brazzein的甜度大大提高,大约为蔗糖甜度的600倍,重组hBD3对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌活性.     

植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein的密码子优化及其在毕氏酵母中的表达

根据甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein的成熟区氨基酸序列,按照酵母密码子的偏好优化其编码序列,合成了4对末端具粘合位点的寡聚核苷酸序列,经连接、PCR扩增后得到了179 bp的des-pGlu1-Brazzein编码序列,插入到pPIC9K载体中,构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-Bra。经酶切、电击转化到毕赤酵母菌GS115中。酵母工程菌株经筛选鉴定后诱导表达,目的蛋白的表达量约占上清总蛋白的51.6％,分离纯化后的des-pGlu1-Brazzein具有一定的甜度。     

乳糖诱导植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein在大肠杆菌中的表达

构建了植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein高效表达的工程菌株,对其乳糖诱导条件进行了优化。乳糖浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度对菌株生长和目的蛋白表达的试验结果显示,高浓度乳糖对菌株生长有抑制作用(P<0.01),对目的蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05),时间延长对于菌株生长有利(P<0.01),对目的蛋白的表达因温度不同而不同。进一步的研究表明,以0.5%乳糖在28℃～30℃诱导4h对菌株生长和目的蛋白的表达有利,目的蛋白的表达量可达20%左右。     

乳糖诱导植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein在大肠杆菌中的表达

构建了植物甜蛋白des-pGlu1-Brazzein高效表达的工程菌株,对其乳糖诱导条件进行了优化。乳糖浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度对菌株生长和目的蛋白表达的试验结果显示,高浓度乳糖对菌株生长有抑制作用（P<0.01）,对目的蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05),时间延长对于菌株生长有利（P<0.01）,对目的蛋白的表达因温度不同而不同。进一步的研究表明,以0.5% 乳糖在28℃～30℃诱导4h对菌株生长和目的蛋白的表达有利,目的蛋白的表达量可达20%左右。     

乳糖作为诱导剂对人β-防御素3蛋白表达的影响*

对人β-防御素3基因工程菌株BL21-pET-hBD3的乳糖诱导条件进行了研究。乳糖浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度对菌株生长和目的蛋白表达的试验结果显示,高浓度乳糖对菌株生长有抑制作用(P<0.01),对目的蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05),延长诱导时间对菌株生长有利(P<0.01),但对蛋白的表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。以0.5%乳糖在37℃诱导4h对目的蛋白的表达有利,目的蛋白的含量可达28.1%。控制好诱导条件,乳糖与IPTG的     

重组人β防御素3在大肠杆菌中的表达和活性分析

防御素是生物界广泛分布的一类低分子短肽,具有广谱高效的杀菌、抗肿瘤作用,并且不易使微生物产生抗药性,具有很高的应用价值,其中最引人注目的是β防御素[1,2].人β防御素3(humanβ-defensin3,hBD3)是最近发现的第3种人源性β防御素,与其它人防御素相比,在抗菌活性等方面具有明显优势,是所有防御素中抗菌能力最强的之一[3~7],具有独特的研究和开发价值.为了得到高效表达hBD3的工程菌株,本实验按照细菌对密码子的偏爱,人工合成了hBD3的寡核苷酸片段,构建了其表达载体.经IPTG诱导、分离纯化和肠激酶切割,得到了与天然hBD3活性基本相同的…     

不同培养条件对抗a毒素ScFv基因表达的影响

将ScFv基因片段与pHOG21载体连接后,转化至受体菌XL1-Blue中,得到重组菌株XL1-Blue（pHOG2E3）。随后研究了培养基中无机盐成分、温度、诱导时间、IPTG和蔗糖浓度对SvFv基因表达的影响。经SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组菌株XL1-Blue(pHOG2E3）在LB培养基中加入0.5mmol/L IPTG和0.4mol/L蔗糖。37℃诱导6h,其目的蛋白 表达量较高,表达的ScFv蛋白主要以包含体的形式存在,分子量在31,000D,在重组菌株的培养上清和菌体裂解上清液中,通过ELISA法也检测到了ScFv的存在,且具有中和a毒素的活性。     

不同培养条件对抗α毒素ScFv基因表达的影响

将ScFv基因片段与pHOG21载体连接后,转化至受体菌XL1-Blue中,得到重组菌株XL1-Blue（pHOG2E3）。随后研究了培养基中无机盐成分、温度、诱导时间、IPTG和蔗糖浓度对ScFv基因表达的影响。经SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组菌株XL1-Blue（pHOG2E3）在LB培养基中加入0.5mmol/L IPTG和 0.4 mol/L蔗糖,37℃诱导6h,其目的蛋白的表达量较高,表达的ScFv蛋白主要以包含体的形式存在,分子量为31,000D,在重组菌株的培养上清和菌体裂解上清液中,通过E     

泰山土壤宏基因组DNA中耐热b-半乳糖苷酶基因的克隆、表达及性质

从泰山土壤宏基因组文库中发现可能的b-半乳糖苷酶基因pwtsA, 将其克隆到表达载体pET30a, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3)。工程菌在IPTG诱导下高效表达可溶性的重组蛋白PWTSA, 分子量为57 kD, 与预期大小一致。PWTSA能够水解ONPG产生o-硝基酚, 酶活力为13.6 U/mg, 确证了重组蛋白为b-半乳糖苷酶。PWTSA的最适反应温度在85°C ~95°C之间, 最适pH值为6.5, 对90°C左右的高温有很好的耐受力。在标准反应条件下, 酶作用于底物ONPG的米氏常数Km为0.83 mmol/L。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.