四川西北部巴蜗牛类研究兼一种新种描述（腹足纲：肺螺亚纲：柄眼目）

对川西北陆生贝类巴蜗牛科进行了系统整理，其中对假弯巴蜗牛[Bradybaena(Bradybaena)pseudo-campylaea(Moellendorff)]，松山巴蜗牛[Bradybaena(Bradybaena)sueshanensis Pilsbry]，单带反向巴蜗牛[Bradybaena(Bradybaena)controversa monotaeniata Pilsbry]进行了解剖，描述了新种茂县蛇蜗牛Pseudiberus(Pseudiberus)maoensis sp.nov，其模式标本及其他研究标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

灰巴蜗牛的防治试验

灰巴蜗牛Bradybaena ravida ravida是湖南为害蔬菜的蜗牛优势种。作者(1989)曾发表其生物学特性研究结果及其发生与环境的关系。本文报道灰巴蜗牛生活习性及其防治试验。1 生活习性灰巴蜗牛卵产于疏松表土层内。它们畏光怕热,喜生活在阴暗潮湿、多腐殖质的环境。     

甘肃南部巴蜗牛科(腹足纲:巴蜗牛科)的种类名录

本文根据甘肃南部所辖地区采集的腹足目巴蜗牛科标本和国内外报道,对其进行系统整理研究,列出巴蜗牛科动物76种,分隶11属1科,其中30种为甘肃省新纪录.     

蜗牛的解剖

以采自新疆大学校园巴蜗牛科Bradybaenidae的一种蜗牛为例,介绍了蜗牛的一般解剖方法,并对蜗牛的内部结构进行了标注和描述。     

中国特有陆生贝类毛华蜗牛属一新种(腹足纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

对毛华蜗牛属Trichocathaica 2种蜗牛Trichocathaica amphidroma Mollendorff,1899和T.foliosquama的贝壳及生殖系统进行了详细的描记,描述中涉及的一些特征为本文首次使用。文中附有新种叶鳞毛华蜗牛Trichocathaica foliosquama的贝壳、生殖系统全图及细部图。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国巴蜗牛科一新种(肺螺亚纲：柄眼目：巴蜗牛科)

作者对中国科学院动物研究所馆藏的巴蜗牛科标本进行了整理,并已知我国平瓣蜗牛属Ｐｌａｔｙｐｅｔａｓｕｓ共计１６种和亚种,其中现发１新种,即磁县平瓣蝇牛Ｐｌａｔｙｐｅｔａｓｕｓ ｃｉｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,对新种的形态特征作了详细描述,与其近假种进行了比较和讨论。     

青海华蜗牛属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

记述采自青海省达蛭华蜗牛属蜗牛1新种：达日华蜗牛Cathaica(Campylocathaica)darlagensis sp.nov。新种壳相与Cathaica(Campylocathaica)cunlunensis(Moellendorff,1899)相近,但新种壳高／壳径之比值较大,唇下部较平直,贝壳色带不同于后者。正模成螺,青海省达日县城,海拔3980m,1997－08－17,采集人李维平;副模5只成螺,采集数据同正模。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

马氏巴蜗牛消化系统的组织学研究

马氏巴蜗牛Bradybaena maacki (Gerstfldt)是吉林省较常见的蜗牛,故亦称吉林蜗牛。其外部形态特征已由陈德牛等作过描述,本文讨论了该动物消化系统的组织结构。     

卵形半肠吸虫的生活史研究(Trematoda:Mesocoeliidae)

本文首次阐明卵形半肠吸虫(Mesocoelium ovatum Goto et Ozaki,1930)的全程生活史。在福州,终宿主为黑眶蟾蜍(Bufo melanostictus),实验中间宿主为蜗牛,Bradybaena similaris和Cathaica ravida sieboldtiana。蜗牛吞食本吸虫卵而受感染。毛蚴在蜗牛肠管内孵化,而后钻到肠壁外发育为母胞蚴、子胞蚴、尾蚴和囊蚴各发育期。囊蚴可在子胞体中形成并可感染黑眶蟾蜍。本文讨论了半肠属(Mesocoelium)的演化系统问题及与外斜睾总科(Plagiorchioidea)中一些吸虫类群的关系。     

胸窗萤幼虫对灰巴蜗牛的捕食机制初探

本文对胸窗萤Pyrocoelia pectoralis Oliver 4龄幼虫捕食灰巴蜗牛Bradybaena ravida Benson的机制进行了初步探索。通过解剖幼虫消化道进行观察,发现幼虫的食道在与上颚基部骨化结构相连处分为2支,呈Y型结构,分别与2个上颚的中空管道相通;无毒腺结构存在。将幼虫头部及消化道各部分提取液注射到灰巴蜗牛体内后发现中肠提取液对蜗牛的致死效果显著高于头部和消化道其它部分提取液对蜗牛的致死效果(df=68,P<0.05),比较不同浓度中肠提取液对蜗牛致死效果的差异后发现,浓度为5 mg/mL的中肠提取液对蜗牛的致死时间(15.96±4.48)min与幼虫正常捕食的时间(14.47±2.32)min最为相近。     

The comparative anatomy and systematics of Jamaican Urocoptidae (Mollusca: Pulmonata)

Jamaican Urocoptidae can be assigned to three subfamilies, the Urocoptinae Pilsbry 1902, Apominae Paul 1982 and Microceraminae Pilsbry 1902, on shell and anatomical characters. Urocoptinae are characterized by a cylindrical or conical decollate shell; genitalia with an elongate spermatheca and no penial retractor muscle; the left ocular retractor arising from the pharyngeal retractor and both oculars divided anteriorly; a short or long radula (L/W ≏ 5 or ≏ 10) with V-shaped rows of teeth, no marginals and the mesocones and ectocones of laterals widely separated in alternating rows; and include the genera Urocoptis Beck, Anoma Albers and Spirostemma Pilsbry & Vanatta. The Apominae are characterized by elongate-cylindrical decollate shells; genitalia with a globular spermatheca and a penial retractor muscle; both ocular retractors arising from the pharyngeal and both divided anteriorly; an extremely long radula (L/W= 25–45) with narrow, weakly-lobed centrals flanked by two enormous laterals with ectocones reduced or absent, and 4–9 marginals; and include the genera Apoma Beck, Mychostoma Albers, Geoscala Pilsbry & Vanatta and Simplicervix Pilsbry. The type species of the type genera of both subfamilies occur in Jamaica and their anatomy is described. Jamaican Microceraminae include one species, Microceramus gossei (Pfeiffer) which has a conical, entire shell; genitalia with an oval spermatheca and no penial retractor muscle; neither ocular retractor arising from the pharyngeal and neither branched anteriorly; a short radula (L/W ≏ 5) with straight rows of lateral teeth and no marginals. Cladistic analysis suggests that Microceramus is the most primitive genus; that within the Urocoptinae Anoma and Spirostemma are more closely related to each other than either is to Urocoptis ; and that within the Apominae, Apoma is less closely related to Mychostoma, Geoscala and Simplicervix than they are to each other.     

Assessment of the genetic distances between some species of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca,Pulmonata)

On the basis of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci and the nucleotide sequences of nuclear (18S and ITS-1) and mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), a phylogenetic analysis of the three species of terrestrial mollusks of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata), Bradybaena fruticum Müll., Bradybaena schrencki Midd., and Bradybaena transbaicalia Shileyko, was conducted to clarify their taxonomic status. The analysis showed that Br. fruticum was far apart from the other two species (Br. schrencki and Br. transbaicalia). The genetic distance between the latter puts in doubt their status as distinct species. It is suggested that the species Br. transbaicalia can be treated as a form of Br. schrencki var. transbaicalia.     

Taxonomical notes on Chinese camaenids with description of three new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

The present study deals with four Chinese camaenid species based on museum collections and newly obtained materials. Pseudiberus liuae Wu, n. sp., diagnosed by two long mucous glands and the smallest shell size in the genus and inhabiting bare rock like other congeneric members, is described from southern Gansu. Aegista (Plectotropis) wardi (Preston, 1912) is conchologically re-described and moved out of Aegista Alber, 1860 to Pseudiberus Ancey, 1887 based on the keeled periphery and the absence of hairs, scales or their scars on the teleoconch, which are present in Aegista but partially absent in Pseudiberus. The first Chinese fluorescent snail Bradybaena qixiaensis Wu & Asami n. sp. is reported from Nanjing, Jiangsu. The species shares many characters with the Japanese fluorescent snail Bradybaena pellucida Kuroda & Habe, 1953 but is distinct in the pattern of microsculpture on the internal surface of the penis. Nesiohelix yeni Wu & Asami n. sp., sympatric with N. moreletiana (Heude, 1882), is distinguished from its congener by possession of a bubble-shaped penial caecum.

Pseudiberus liuae Wu in Wu & Asami, In Press

LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3C9299AA-5089-4E43-9B26-85A0D6C23B66

Bradybaena qixiaensis Wu & Asami, In Press

LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7991C4D5-5E0B-46DF-8B19-BE26511806CD

Nesiohelix yeni Wu & Asami, In Press

LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68CFF173-AACC-4DA8-B347-9ABB5CA569A3     

中国西藏巴蜗牛属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

本文记述采自西藏自治区察隅县吉公镇巴蜗牛属１新种,吉公巴蜗牛Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ（Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎｓ）ｊｉｇｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种壳相与Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ（Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ）ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｓ（Ｆｅｒｕｓｓａｃ,１８２１）相近,但前者个体体型较小,恋矢短且较真,其近端部断面为对称的二刃形,可与后者明显区分。正模,成螺,西藏自治区察隅县吉公镇,１９９７－０７－１８￣１９,吴岷采     

Biodiversity and Biogeography of Chthamalid Barnacles from the North-Eastern Pacific (Crustacea Cirripedia)

The biogeography and ecology of the species of Chthamalus present on the west coast of America are described, using data from 51 localities from Alaska to Panama, together with their zonation on the shore with respect to that of other barnacles. The species present were C. dalli, Pilsbry 1916, C. fissus, Darwin, 1854, C. anisopoma Pilsbry 1916 and four species in the C. panamensis complex. The latter are C. panamensis Pilsbry, 1916, C. hedgecocki, Pitombo & Burton, 2007, C. alani nom. nov. (formerly C. southwardorum Pitombo & Burton, 2007) and C. newmani sp. nov.). These four species were initially separated by enzyme electrophoresis. They could only be partially separated by DNA bar coding but may be separated using morphological characters.     

江苏沿海地区农田蜗牛的发生特点与防治对策

本地区为害农作物蜗牛主要有同型巴蜗牛和灰巴蜗牛,通过田间系统调查和室内外饲养观察,基本模清了江苏沿海地区,农田蜗牛的卵期和幼贝期,是其生命活动中的薄弱环节和开展防治的有利时期,农作物的苗期和花荚期（花铃期）是对农田蜗牛最敏感的生育期,亦即需要重点保护的关键时段;秋熟作物受蜗牛危害重于夏熟作物,根据当地的气候特点,每年春夏之交4－6月和秋季8－10月的温湿度条件,最适宜于两种蜗牛的生存,活动和取食,调查结果表明,该时期亦正是本地区蜗牛发生为害的两个峰期,经过试验示范,总结出一整套农田蜗牛的综合治理措施,筛选出一批除蜗保叶效果达80％左右,捅分别用作为作物前期毒饵诱杀的颗粒剂和后期喷雾除蜗的可湿性粉剂,并且针对江苏沿海地区,农田蜗牛的发生特点和灾变规律,提出了对农作物采用“播前耕翻（爆卵）压基数,综合措施保全苗（壮苗）,中后期化防夺丰收”。的总体防治策略。     

The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences

The systematics of topshells (family Trochidae) is currently unresolved: at present even the generic boundaries within this group are poorly defined. In this study, we used sequence data of two mitochondrial genes (16S and cytochrome oxidase 1, COI) and one nuclear gene (actin) to resolve the phylogeny of a closely related subgroup of the Trochidae, 30 species of largely Southern Hemisphere monodontine topshells. The phylogenies constructed revealed five well-supported generic clades: a South African clade (genus Oxystele Philippi, 1847), which lay basally to four internal Pacific clades (genera Chlorodiloma Pilsbry, 1889; Monodonta Lamarck, 1799; Austrocochlea Fischer, 1885; and Diloma Philippi, 1845). The molecular phylogenies constructed in this study shed light on previously unresolved relationships between different groups of topshells, allowing for the first time assignation (based on DNA sequence) of clearly defined, well-supported taxonomic and nomenclatural classification of monodontine topshells species. Austrocochlea crinita (Philippi, 1849), A. odontis (Wood, 1828), A. adelaidae (Philippi, 1849), and A. millelineata (Bonnet, 1864) are placed in the genus Chlorodiloma, which we resurrect from synonymy with Austrocochlea. The Japanese M. confusa Tapparone-Canefri, 1874 is treated as a separate species from M. labio (Linné, 1758). Melagraphia Gray, 1847 is synonymised with Diloma and its sole member, M. aethiops (Gmelin, 1791), along with A. concamerata (Wood, 1828), is transferred to that genus. The Juan Fernandez endemic D. crusoeana (Pilsbry, 1889) is synonymised with D. nigerrima (Gmelin, 1791). We find that morphologically cryptic species are not necessarily close genetically.