大肠埃希菌耐药性水平传播实验研究

目的研究重症监护病房（ICU）患者标本中分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药情况以及耐药性水平传播的实验研究。方法采取双纸片法（K-B）检测细菌的耐药性;产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌为供体菌,耐利福平大肠埃希菌（对其他抗生素敏感）作为受体菌进行接合实验;采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增整合子和耐药基因。结果30株大肠埃希菌中产ESBLs菌株检出率为46．7％;接合培养后,接合菌携带23kb和25kb大质粒,而无供体菌中一系列小质粒;供体菌和接合菌均携带I型整合子。结论大肠埃希菌耐药性严重,且呈多重耐药性;产ESBLs菌株可通过质粒和整合子将耐药基因转移给敏感菌,导致耐药性传播。     

非致病性大肠埃希菌能增多大肠埃希菌O157:H7志贺毒素的产生

大肠埃希菌(简称大肠杆菌)O157：H7毒力因子为志贺毒素2(stx2),其基因由温和噬菌体编码,由晚期基因启动子调控表达。stx2的合成与释放需要诱导噬菌体溶菌周期,而且正常肠道大肠杆菌感染了毒素编码的噬菌体就能制造毒素和噬菌体,使毒素水平远远超过病原性菌株本身的产量,作者在体外以及鼠肠道验证了这一假设。     

酸性氧化电位水防治大肠埃希菌腹膜炎的实验观察

目的：观察酸性氧化电位水(electrolyzed strong acid water,EOW)对大肠埃希菌所致小白鼠腹膜炎的治疗作用及毒性反应。方法：实验分酸性氧化电位水毒性测定组、治疗观察组和对照组,治疗组小鼠用大肠埃希菌O136K：78株经腹腔接种后,制造腹膜炎模型,然后采用不同的pH值,氧化还原电位(ORP)为950～1150mv的酸性氧化电位水对小鼠腹膜炎治疗及毒性作用进行观察。结果：4组不同pH值酸性氧化电位水治疗小鼠腹膜炎均有一定的作用,以pH2．8组疗效最为理想,小白鼠存活率为100％;腹腔中感染的大肠埃希菌消失或存在极少量,病理切片可见腹膜炎症反应明显降低,增厚的腹膜变薄,血管充血减轻。结论：酸性氧化电位水作为一种替代的抗菌消毒剂,在杀灭大肠埃希菌和治疗小鼠腹膜炎具有一定的作用,并且在尿毒症患者腹膜透析过程中,替代抗生素防治感染具有进一步研究和应用推广的价值。     

大肠埃希菌基因组研究

大肠埃希菌是最早启动全基因组测序的细菌之一,但是对于大肠埃希菌作为共生菌存在于人类和动物肠内的生物学本质尚不清楚。目前,研究人员正在对大肠埃希菌基因组中每个必需基因的功能进行研究,以期能进一步了解大肠埃希菌的生物学特性。本文就大肠埃希菌基因组研究现状、研究方法及其后基因组研究等方面进行综述。     

秦皮素对大肠埃希菌作用机制的初步研究

目的以大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922为供试菌,探讨秦皮素的抑菌活性及其作用机制。方法利用TTC法测定秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的最低抑菌浓度;通过测定加药前后菌体培养液电导率和大分子的变化及观察扫描电镜和透射电镜电镜结果,分析秦皮素对其细胞膜的影响;通过SDS-PAGE测定秦皮素对供试菌株蛋白含量的影响;采用逐个检出法研究秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922质粒合成的抑制作用。结果秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的生长,其最低抑菌浓度为40μg/mL。秦皮素作用菌体5 h后,培养液中的电导率比对照组增加1.96%,但DNA和RNA大分子增加的不明显。秦皮素作用大肠埃希菌20 h后,菌体可溶性蛋白总量比对照组降低42%。秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒有消除作用,药物作用48 h后,秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒消除率为60.3%。结论秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌的生长,其抑菌作用机制与抑制菌体内蛋白质合成和消除菌体内的质粒有关,但对大肠埃希菌细胞膜的影响不大。     

大肠埃希菌的分型研究

目的分析上海某医院各科室分离大肠埃希菌的药敏状况和致病性,了解大肠埃希菌在该院流行情况。方法采用K-B琼脂法进行药敏试验,多重PCR技术进行基因分型。结果药敏结果显示该菌对多种常用抗生素具有耐药性,仅对阿米卡星等药物敏感。85株菌分为4个基因型,其中B2型25株,致病性最强;D型37株,致病性次之。菌株间亲缘关系表明可能存在院内流行。结论实验获得菌株具有较强耐药性和致病性,应当采取相应的措施预防院内感染的流行。     

肠出血性大肠埃希菌产生的Vero毒素

本文简要述及Ｖｅｒｏ毒素的分子结构,生物学活性,作用机理,毒素分子中氨基酸置换对毒素活性的影响和Ｖｅｒｏ毒素及其基因的检测。     

噬菌体ΦEc-SL25对大肠埃希菌临床分离株裂解作用的研究

目的分离鉴定大肠埃希菌噬菌体并分析其裂解特性,为噬菌体疗法应用于大肠埃希菌感染提供实验依据。方法采用双层琼脂噬斑法从污水中分离噬菌体,通过透射电镜观察噬菌体的形态学特征,利用限制性酶切图谱初步分析噬菌体的基因组,测定噬菌体对宿主菌的最佳感染复数和一步生长曲线,分析噬菌体对宿主菌的裂解谱,观察噬菌体在不同的pH及温度下对宿主菌的裂解特性,SDS-PAGE分析噬菌体的主要和次要蛋白。结果通过噬斑法从污水中分离出1株能裂解大肠埃希菌的噬菌体,命名为ΦEc-SL25;电镜显示,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的形态特征符合有尾病毒目、管尾病毒科噬菌体;ΦEc-SL25的最佳感染复数为0.01;一步生长曲线表明,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的潜伏期为5 min,爆发期为10 min;ΦEc-SL25对26株大肠埃希菌的裂解率可达30.8%;在温度70℃20min时以及在pH 4~10的范围内,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25仍保持其裂解活性;蛋白电泳可观察到2条主要蛋白带和至少3条次要蛋白。结论噬菌体ΦEc-SL25是一种潜伏期短、裂解较性强的毒性噬菌体,可用于开发针对大肠埃希菌感染的生物制剂。     

泌尿系统感染高龄患者大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

目的:探究高龄患者泌尿系统感染大肠埃希菌对常用药物的耐药性,指导临床医生合理用药。方法:按照标准操作规程采集我院泌尿系统感染高龄患者的尿液,作常规尿标本培养和分离,应用微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定,采用纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验,采用纸片扩散法和双纸片确证法完成产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的检测。结果:129株大肠埃希菌中,检测出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株有62株,占48.1%;在17种常用抗生素敏感试验中,亚胺培南敏感性最高(100%),无耐药株出现,对第一、二、三和四代头孢类抗生素均出现了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄西林、四环素和哌拉西林高度耐药(均超过了95%)。结论:泌尿系统感染高龄患者大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗生素耐药性逐年升高,且产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株也逐渐增多,这就要求临床医生严格合理应用抗生素,尽量避免耐药菌株的出现。     

四株大肠埃希氏菌国际参考菌株动力和鞭毛抗原检定的研究

Authors identified four strains of Escherichia coli from Collaborative Centre for reference and research on Escherichia coli-Klebsiella (WHO) in Denmark. Our results were different from original record and reference. It was shown that strain H311b and H5 were motile strains, and its H antigen respectively is H11 and H27. The strain W27 is nonmotile. H antigen of the strain H511 is H40, not H8. Antigen formula of four strains respectively is 26:60:11 (strain H311b), 81:97:27 (strain H5), 115:-:- (strain W27), 102:-:40 (strain H511).     

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains may carry virulence properties of diarrhoeagenic E. coli

To analyze whether Escherichia coli strains that cause urinary tract infections (UPEC) share virulence characteristics with the diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes and to recognize their genetic diversity, 225 UPEC strains were examined for the presence of various properties of DEC and UPEC (type of interaction with HeLa cells, serogroups and presence of 30 virulence genes). No correlation between adherence patterns and serogroups was observed. Forty-five serogroups were found, but 64% of the strains belonged to one of the 12 serogroups (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O14, O15, O18, O21, O25, O75, and O175) and carried UPEC virulence genes (pap, hly, aer, sfa, cnf). The DEC genes found were: aap, aatA, aggC, agg3C, aggR, astA, eae, ehly, iha, irp2, lpfA(O113), pet, pic, pilS, and shf. Sixteen strains presented aggregative adherence and/or the aatA sequence, which are characteristics of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), one of the DEC pathotypes. In summary, certain UPEC strains may carry DEC virulence properties, mostly associated to the EAEC pathotype. This finding raises the possibility that at least some faecal EAEC strains might represent potential uropathogens. Alternatively, certain UPEC strains may have acquired EAEC properties, becoming a potential cause of diarrhoea.     

Effect of mild heat stress and mild infection pressure on immune responses to an E. coli infection in chickens

Outdoor or organic farming demands robust chickens that are able to combat common infections before they spread to the flock. Priming the immune system of the chickens early in life with micro-organisms that they will encounter later in life prepares chickens to a life in environments where they are subjected to a more natural level of infection pressure. Also, exposure to non-infectious stressful situations may prepare the immune system to combat infectious challenges. The present study investigated whether the immune system could be primed by applying small doses of infective material to the chicken flock or by exposure to short-term non-infectious stimulation, and whether the effect of those stimuli would depend on the genetic material chosen. The effect of the stimulations was examined on selected immunological variables in two chicken strains, using small amounts of manure and litter from other chickens or short-term heat stress, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, all chickens were subjected to an Escherichia coli infection and followed for another 3 weeks. Measures of body weight gain, chicken mannan-binding lectin (cMBL), percentage of CD4+ and MHCII+ lymphocytes, mean fluorescence intensity (m.f.i.) of CD4 on CD4+ cells and MHCII on MHCII+ cells and antibody titres to E. coli were taken. In conclusion, the chickens redistribute lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood in response to potentially infectious agents as well as to stressful non-infectious treatments. Responses to stress situations were dependent on the frequencies of stress exposures and on the chicken breed. This may reflect the superiority of one breed over another in adapting to treatments or in discriminating whether a treatment is harmless or dangerous. However, the differences did not influence the disease resistance to infection with a mixture of E. coli O2, O11 and O78 in the present study.     

大肠杆菌半乳糖结合凝集素的提取纯化

采用琼脂糖凝胶CL-6B（Sepharose CL-6B）亲和层析以及Sephadex G-75凝胶分子筛等对大肠杆菌（Esche-richia coli,E.coli）半乳糖凝集素进行了纯化。结果显示,目标蛋白经简单的步骤即可以得到纯化,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及凝血实验证明纯化蛋白为E.coli半乳糖凝集素,蛋白提取回收率为11.4%。研究首次从E.coli蛋白提取液中分离得到纯的半乳糖凝集素,且此方法简单快捷,优越性明显。应用此方法将有利于微生物半乳糖凝集素的深入研究。     

Fusion expression of mutated cecropin CMIV in E. coli

A cDNA coding mutated cecropin CMIV from Bombyx mori was synthesized according to its amino acid sequense using E .coli biased codons .The gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pEZZ318 and was expressed in E .coli HB101.The fusion protein produced was purified by affinity chromatography to yield 26 mg/L fusion product .The anti-bacterial activities of recombinant cecropin CMIV were recovered after cleavage by chemical method.     

3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因的质粒载体构建和表达

目的 实现3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因在大肠埃希菌中的高可溶性表达.方法 从土壤中分离睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌,提取其基因组DNA,PCR扩增3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3α-HSD)基因,将它克隆到原核表达载体上进行诱导表达.提取细菌总蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分析并测定酶活性.结果 经核苷酸序列测定和酶切鉴定结果表明,成功地构建了重组质粒,IPTG诱导表达后,获得融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE初步测定目的蛋白的相对分子量约为29kDa,与预期理论值一致;酶活性测定结果表明菌体可溶性总蛋白HSD酶比活性为142.81 U/mg,是对照BL21的12.97倍.结论 该研究成功地构建了3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因高效原核表达系统,为利用基因工程手段大量制备3α-HSD的工作奠定了基础.     

天花粉蛋白突变基因TCSA-S在大肠杆菌BL21中的表达

天花粉蛋白是具有N-糖苷酶活性的一种植物Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白,本研究用PCR方法获得了天花粉蛋白的突变基因TCSA-S,构建了表达载体pET-30a( )-TCSA-S,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),并在30℃条件下诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,重组的突变体基因TCSA-S表达产物主要存在于包含体中。     

小鼠Nanog基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

按照nanog基因编码序列设计合成引物,利用RT-PCB从小鼠的囊胚期胚胎中扩增得到该 基因,并将该基因克隆到pET-28b(+)载体上,获得pET-28b(+)-nanog原核表达重组质粒,限制 性酶分析和DNA序列测定均证实该克隆插入片段为nanog基因编码序列。重组质粒转化大肠杆 菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,在大肠杆菌表达系统中获得了高效表达,western杂交证实该 蛋白具有6-His抗原活性,从而证实目的蛋白为Nanog蛋白。     

Metabolic oscillations in an E. coli fermentation

Recombinant E. coli fermentations were observed to undergo regular, reproducible oscillations in oxygen uptake for several hours during a controlled fermentation process. Culture growth slowed during the period of oscillations, delaying induction of recombinant protein production. The oscillations were similar in 10-L and 1,000-L fermentors and also occurred with different feed control algorithms. Both observations support the hypothesis that the oscillations are metabolic in nature. Analysis of amino acid, ATP, and GTP pools suggests that the oscillations result from aberrant regulation of isoleucine biosynthesis leading to repeated starvation events in which protein synthesis and growth are impaired. Both a nutritional solution, isoleucine feeding, and a genetic solution, repair of an ilvG frameshift mutation in E. coli K-12 strains, were found to eliminate the oscillations, further supporting the proposed mechanism for the behavior. These results illustrate the interesting and complicated physiological behavior which can be displayed in metabolic networks and provide another example of surprising problems that can arise in growing recombinant organisms in fermentors.     

The detection of non-O157 E. coli in food by immunomagnetic separation

AIMS: To compare immunomagnetic separation (IMS) protocols (enrichment media and temperature) for the isolation of Escherichia coli serotypes O26 and O111 from four different foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Foods (minced beef, cheese, apple juice and pepperoni) spiked with low numbers (<100 g(-1)) of stressed nalidixic mutant E. coli serotypes O26 and O111 were enriched in media based on buffered peptone water (BPW), tryptone soya and EC broths incubated at temperatures of 37 and 42 degrees C to optimize the IMS technique. BPW enrichments gave increased recoveries of both serotypes compared with tryptone soya and EC broths. Elevated temperatures of incubation at 42 degrees C were superior to 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Positive detection of low numbers of stressed target pathogens in all replicate tests was only possible using BPW enrichments. The majority of tests from alternative enrichments resulted in zero or single colonies recovered post-IMS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The optimum IMS protocol would improve isolation rates of E. coli O26 and O111 from foods and lead to increased safety for the consumer. Sub-optimal IMS protocols could lead to foods being incorrectly labelled free from these pathogens.     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达

从四棱豆中克隆高赖氨酸蛋白基因wblys,通过PCR扩增wblys片段,转入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建pGEX-4T-1/wblys大肠埃希菌工程菌,表达重组蛋白,IPTG诱导后,发现细菌全蛋白在44 ku(含GST标签)处多出1条明显条带。HPLC检测赖氨酸含量。诱导后菌体总赖氨酸含量比正常菌体提高15.84 mg/g。在大肠埃希菌中高效表达植物源高赖氨酸蛋白基因,为该基因在益生菌中表达提供研究工作基础。