清清爽牌湿巾的杀菌效果

采用载体定量杀菌试验,对清清爽牌湿巾的杀菌消毒效果进行了实验室研究。发现清清爽牌湿巾对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白假丝酵母菌作用2 min,杀菌率分别达到99.98%、99.76%和99.20%。模拟现场试验,清清爽牌湿巾对手自然菌杀菌率达到99.99%,起到了显著地杀菌消毒效果。     

艾叶提取物的杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对艾叶提取物的杀菌效果进行实验室研究。研究发现,艾叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均具有明显的杀菌作用。通过模拟现场试验,艾叶提取物有显著的杀菌效果。     

杀菌肽的研究进展应用前景

杀菌肽是昆虫体内诱导产生的一具有强抗菌活性的，由３０多个氨基酸组成的多肽，它的特殊空间结构可以使原核细胞膜形孔洞，导致细胞死亡，对真核细胞膜却无此作用，哺乳动物体内亦存在类似的有抗菌活性有多肽。杀菌肽因其广谱杀菌活性而引起了植物学家和医学家的注意，已被 用于植物抗病原和医学研究。     

杀菌肽的研究进展及应用前景

杀菌肽是在昆虫体内诱导产生的一类具有强抗菌活性的、由30多个氨基酸组成的多肽.它的特殊空间结构可以使原核细胞膜形成孔洞,导致细胞死亡,对真核细胞膜却无此作用.哺乳动物体内亦存在类似的有抗菌活性的多肽,杀菌肽因其广谱杀菌活性而引起了植物学家和医学家的注意.已被用于植物抗病原菌和医学研究.     

医院内假丝酵母菌感染菌种的分布及耐药分析

目的了解医院内假丝酵母菌感染菌种的分布及抗真菌药物的耐药谱,为临床抗真菌治疗提供正确数据。方法采用VITEK-32微生物自动鉴定仪进行假丝酵母菌菌种的鉴定,同时用ATB FUNGUS真菌药敏条作药敏试验。结果从住院患者的血液、痰、尿、分泌物、胆汁等标本中共检出真菌505株。其中白假丝酵母菌281株,热带假丝酵母菌124株,光滑假丝酵母菌21株,季也蒙假丝酵母菌17株,近平滑假丝酵母菌16株,克柔假丝酵母菌10株,皱折假丝酵母菌8株,异常汉逊假丝酵母菌6株,5氟-胞嘧啶和两性霉素抑菌效果最好,其耐药率分别为2.8%和3.4%。其他4种抗真菌药物制霉菌素、氟康唑、伊曲康唑和酮康唑的耐药率分别为6.1%、13.7%、9.3%和28.3%。结论医院假丝酵母菌感染耐药率逐年上升,非白假丝酵母菌感染明显增加。氟康唑对白假丝酵母菌有很强的抗菌活性且毒副作用小。假丝酵母菌感染的迅速增加同广泛应用超广谱抗菌药物、激素及免疫抑制剂等有关。假丝酵母菌感染死亡率高,因此早期诊断及有效性治疗是减少死亡率的关键。     

苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物的协同杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。研究发现,0.1%苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物混合溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均呈现出显著的协同杀菌作用。结果表明,苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物具有良好的协同杀菌效果。     

苦参水提液的杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对苦参水提液的杀菌效果进行实验室研究。研究发现,苦参水提液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均具有明显的杀菌作用。通过模拟现场试验,苦参水提液起到了显著地杀菌效果。     

深圳市人民医院连续13年真菌血症病原谱分析

目的调查深圳市人民医院真菌血症病原谱。方法收集2004-2016年深圳市人民医院真菌血症患者血液分离的真菌,使用VITEK-2、VITEK-MS系统并结合真菌内转录间隔区(ITS)测序技术进行菌种鉴定。结果 2004-2016年共发生真菌血症295例,分离296株真菌,假丝酵母菌占89.9%(266/296)。最常见前5位真菌依次为白假丝酵母菌(36.1%,107/296)、近平滑假丝酵母菌种复合群(19.3%,57/296)、热带假丝酵母菌(13.9%,41/296)、光滑假丝酵母菌种复合群(11.8%,35/296)和菌膜假丝酵母菌(4.7%,14/296);非白假丝酵母菌占53.7%(159/296)。69.8%(206/295)真菌血症来自重症医学科(ICU)(89例)、新生儿科(33例)、血液科(30例)、胃肠外科(29例)和呼吸科(25例)。结论假丝酵母菌是真菌血症最重要的病原菌,其中非白假丝酵母菌占比过半。     

30种药用植物提取物杀虫杀菌活性研究

采用微量点滴法和载毒叶片饲喂法测定30种药用植物乙醇提取物对粘虫3龄幼虫的触杀、胃毒以及拒食活性。结果表明,供试样品在50mg·mL-1浓度下均无明显的触杀或胃毒作用,但卡瓦胡椒和川陈皮对试虫有一定的拒食活性,其中卡瓦胡椒24h拒食中浓(AFC50)为4.12mg·mL-1,48h为9.12mg·mL-1。采用抑制菌丝生长速率法和抑制孢子萌发法测定离体杀菌活性的结果表明,供试样品在2mg·mL-1浓度下,卡瓦胡椒和厚朴对供试病原菌均有较强抑制作用。毒力测定结果表明,卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦根腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌4种病原真菌菌丝生长抑制的有效中浓(EC50)分别为108、258、290、205mg·L-1,厚朴分别为208、331、345、408mg·L-1;卡瓦胡椒对玉米大斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌、烟草赤星病菌3种病原真菌抑制孢子萌发的有效中浓(EC50)分别为155、195、268mg·L-1,厚朴则分别为151、242、241mg·L-1。根据以上结果,我们认为卡瓦胡椒和厚朴的乙醇提取物具有较高的杀菌活性,其有效成分值得进一步研究。     

醋酸氯己定的杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对醋酸氯己定的杀菌效果进行实验室研究。研究发现,0.1%醋酸氯己定对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均具有明显的杀菌作用。通过模拟现场试验,醋酸氯己定起到了显著的杀菌效果。     

Deletion of the gene encoding cytochrome b562 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Abstract Cryptococcus humicola strains secrete killer toxins inhibitory (at pH values ranging from 3 to 5.5) to many ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi. RNA or DNA plasmids were not detected in the killers. The amino acid-containing toxins were of low M _r, soluble in methanol, resistant to proteolysis, thermostable, cellophane-diffusible and were specified as microcins. These findings show that the killer phenomenon in yeasts such as bacteriocinogeny may be due to excretion of two types of killer toxins: mycocins and microcins.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单个核细胞中C-myc和ras癌蛋白的表达及NK亚群的状况

作者检测了系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中 C-myc.Ki-ras 和Ha-ras 三种癌蛋白的表达和自然杀伤细胞(NK)亚群状况。结果显示,SLE 患者血液淋巴细胞和单核细胞中上述三种癌蛋白的阳性率均显著高亍健康对照组(P<0.001);而 SLE 组 NK 总数和CD16~+.CD16~+.57~+亚群细胞数则显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。作者结合文献讨论了 SLE 患者PBMC 中癌基因激活的可能机制和重要意义,以及与 NK 细胞和其亚群改变之间的相互关系。     

嗜杀酵母的生物学功能及其应用

嗜杀酵母能够分泌毒素蛋白,杀死敏感酵母。嗜杀酵母对自身分泌的嗜杀毒素具有免疫力。嗜杀酵母的嗜杀特性与两种双链线状RNA(dsRNA)有关,即编码产生毒素蛋白的M-dsRNA和编码自身和M-dsRNA外壳蛋白的L-dsRNA。嗜杀毒素破坏细胞跨膜化学质子梯度,造成ATP和钾离子泄漏,导致细胞死亡。应用嗜杀酵母可避免野生型酵母污染,净化发酵体系,改善发酵产物品质;嗜杀毒素也可作为抵制病原酵母和类酵母微生物的抗真菌剂。     

ISOLATION AND EXPRESSION OF THE INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE FROM THE KILLER WHALE, ORCINUS ORCA

Complementary DNA encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) was isolated, cloned, and sequenced from the killer whale, Orcinus orca . The sequence of the killer whale IL-2 coding region consists of 455 nucleotides which translate into a polypeptide containing 151 amino acids. Killer whale IL-2 displays 88%, 88%, 87%, 87%, 85%, 84%, 80%, and 71% nucleotide sequence homology and 76%, 76%, 76%, 73%, 68%, 73%, 64%, and 56% amino acid homology with the cow, sheep, pig, red deer, horse, human, manatee, and mouse, respectively. High levels of killer whale recombinant IL-2 were generated by transiently transfecting killer whale IL-2/pCMV Blue plasmid DNA into cultured monkey kidney cells (Cos-1). Generation of this recombinant IL-2 will allow the development of assays useful for assessing IL-2 levels in the serum and from isolated lymphocytes of killer whales and possibly other species of cetaceans. A major contribution and significance of the in vitro expression of killer whale IL-2 exists in its potential to be used as a therapeutic agent.     

我国沿海拟虎鲸骨骼研究

本文对我国沿海所捕获的拟虎鲸骨骼系统,进行了较全面的研究和测量,并对其骨骼特点及形态、功能方面也做了些探讨。     

利用细胞质导入法选育嗜杀啤酒酵母

利用细胞质导入(Cytoduction)法中的核融合缺陷细胞融合技术,在对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)D518菌株不做任何遗传标记,将嗜杀酵母5045菌株的嗜杀质粒转移到受体菌D518中,获得了具有两亲株优良性状的融合子KD102菌株。对融合子分析表明:融合子遗传性状稳定,不仅含有供体菌5045的嗜杀质粒,而且受体菌D518的核基因被原封不动地保留下来,为异质体细胞(Heteroplasmon)。将融合子KD102菌株用于小型、中型及生产性酿酒试验,结果表明,具有与亲株D518同样的酿造特性。在发酵过程中,能抑制野生酵母污染,净化发酵体系。对于保证啤酒纯种酿造及提高成品酒的生物稳定性具有明显效果。     

Production of yeast killer toxin in experimentally infected animals

The ability of a killer yeast (Pichia anomala, UCSC 25F) to produce toxin in vivo was demonstrated, for the first time, in tissues of normal and immunosuppressed experimentally infected mice by means of a fluorescent antibody technique and a killer toxin specific monoclonal antibody. The possible significance of the findings is discussed.     

Yeast antagonists in the normal microflora of the intestinal tract in the long-lived inhabitants of Abkhazia

Yeast of different taxonomic groups isolated from the organism of long-livers of Abkhazia have been studied for their antagonistic activity relative to the conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria and for the presence of the killer factor. It is shown that representatives of ten species of fungi are antagonists of the studied bacteria, the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae being the most active antagonists. The presence of the killer factor is found in representatives of five species o the yeast. It is supposed that the antagonistic activity relative to the bacteria and the killer activity in the yeast are due to substances of different chemical nature.     

Curing of the killer character of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with acridine orange

Acridine orange, an intercalating dye usually employed in the curing of bacterial plasmids, was tested for its ability to cure K1 and K2 killer strains (laboratory and wine strains). The results showed a high curing percentage of the killer character. This was demonstrated by the loss of M1 or M2 dsRNAs (responsible for toxin production and resistance to it) and because the meiotic products exhibited non-Mendelian segregation. The curing percentages varied, depending on the strain but not on the killer type, and showed similar efficiency as compared with other known curing agents.     

Biology of killer yeasts

Killer yeasts secrete proteinaceous killer toxins lethal to susceptible yeast strains. These toxins have no activity against microorganisms other than yeasts, and the killer strains are insensitive to their own toxins. Killer toxins differ between species or strains, showing diverse characteristics in terms of structural genes, molecular size, mature structure and immunity. The mechanisms of recognizing and killing sensitive cells differ for each toxin. Killer yeasts and their toxins have many potential applications in environmental, medical and industrial biotechnology. They are also suitable to study the mechanisms of protein processing and secretion, and toxin interaction with sensitive cells. This review focuses on the biological diversity of the killer toxins described up to now and their potential biotechnological applications. Electronic Publication