美洲南蛇藤的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称美洲南蛇藤(Celastrus scandens L.). 2 材料类别幼嫩的顶芽或带腋芽的茎段. 3 培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:1/3MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+IBA 0.02+3%蔗糖;(2)增殖培养基:MS+6-BA 1.0+IBA 0.2+3%蔗糖;(3)壮苗培养基:MS+6-BA 0.1+IBA 0.02+3%蔗糖;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS+NAA 0.5+1.5%蔗糖.     

蕊帽忍冬的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称 蕊帽忍冬(Lonicera pileata Oliv.). 2 材料类别 带腋芽的茎段. 3 培养条件 芽诱导培养基:(1)1/2MS+6-BA 1.0mg-L-1(单位下同)+IBA 0.1;芽增殖培养基:(2)MS+6-BA 1.5+IBA 0.3;(3)MS+6-BA 2.0+IBA 0.3;(4)MS+6-BA 3.0+IBA 0.3;(5)MS+6-BA 3.0+IBA0.1;(6)MS+6-BA 4.0+IBA 0.1;生根培养基:(7)1/2MS;(8)1/2MS+IBA 0.2;(9)1/2MS+NAA0/2.     

沙地植物柄扁桃的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称柄扁桃[Prunuspedunculata(Pall.)Maxim.],别名长柄扁桃。2材料类别实生苗茎尖。3培养条件不定芽诱导培养基:(1)MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.1;(2)MS+6-BA2.0+NAA0.2;(3)MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.1;(4)MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.2。壮苗与生根培养基:(5)1/2MS+IBA0.5。上述培养基均加5.0g·L-1的琼脂粉和3%蔗糖,pH5.8。培养温度为20～25℃,光强为30～40μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间为12～14h·d-1。4生长与分化情况4.1无菌苗的培育取饱满种子,去掉内果皮,用流水冲洗12h,用0.1%HgCl2消毒10min,无菌水冲洗4次,接种于琼脂培养基上…     

霸王鞭的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称霸王鞭(EuphorbiaroyleanaBoiss)。2材料类别带芽眼茎段。3培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.1;(2)增殖培养基:MS+6-BA2.0+KT1.0+NAA0.1;(3)壮苗培养基:MS+NAA1.0+6-BA0.5;(4)生根培养基:MS+IBA1.0+6-BA0.1。以上培养基均添加3%蔗糖、0.55%琼脂,pH值5.8,培养温度25℃,光强30～40μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间10～14h·d-1。4生长与分化情况4.1芽的诱导取当年生霸王鞭茎段,用自来水将其外部泥土冲洗干净,再用洗涤剂清洗,拔去茎表面的刺,用软毛刷仔细清洗刺座部分,然后于超净台上将茎段转入70%乙…     

独尾草的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称独尾草(EremuruschinensisFedtsch.)。2材料类别根。3培养条件愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+2,4-D0.5;(2)MS+6-BA3.0+NAA1.0。增殖及苗诱导培养基:(3)MS+6-BA2.0￣3.0+NAA0.5;(4)MS+6-BA1.0+KT0.2+NAA0.02;(5)MS+6-BA3.0+NAA0.05。生根培养基:(6)MS+IBA0.1;(7)MS+NAA0.1。所用培养基均加0.8%￣0.9%琼脂、3%白砂糖,pH5.6￣5.8。培养温度为(22±2)℃,相对湿度65%￣75%,光照时间12￣14h·d-1,光强30￣40μmol·m-2·s-1。4生长与分化情况4.1愈伤组织的获得选取秦岭(陕西省略阳县)野生独尾…     

刺果甘草的组织培养及植株再生

1植物名称刺果甘草(GlycyrrhizapallidifloraMaxim)。2材料类别嫩茎。3培养条件培养基:(1)MS+6-BA0.5mg·L-1(单位下同)+IAA1;(2)MS+6-BA0.5+NAA1;(3)MS+6-BA0.5+IBA1;(4)MS+6-BA0.5+2,4-D1;(5)MS+NAA0.5+2,4-D0.5;(6)MS+6-BA0.1+NAA0.1;(7)MS+6-BA0.3+NAA0.1;(8)MS+6-BA0.5+NAA0.1;(9)1/2MS+IAA0.4;(10)1/2MS+IAA0.6;(11)1/2MS+IAA0.8;(12)1/2MS+IAA1;(13)1/2MS+IAA1.2。上述MS培养基中均加3%蔗糖,1/2MS培养基中加1.5%蔗糖,固体培养基的琼脂含量为0.5%,pH5.8～6.0。光强30～40μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间…     

十萼花组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称十萼花(Dientcdon sinicus),别名十齿花. 2材料类别成年树带叶柄的叶片、腋芽. 3培养条件(1)叶片诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA1.0～2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;(2)腋芽诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.2;(3)继代培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA1.0 NAA 0.1.所有培养基均附加0.8%琼脂和3%的蔗糖,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度(23±1)℃,光照度2000 lx左右,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

山杜英的离体快速繁殖

1植物名称山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris). 2材料类别带腋芽茎段. 3培养条件(1)诱导分化培养基:MS 6-BA1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 IBA 0.5;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.5.     

牛至的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称牛至(OriganumvulgareL.)。2材料类别云南省滇东地区野生牛至2年生茎段。3培养条件启动培养基:(1)MS+6-BA0.3mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.05;增殖培养基:(2)MS+6-BA1.0+NAA0.1;(3)MS+6-BA2.0+NAA0.1;(4)MS+6-BA3.0+NAA0.1;(5)MS+6-BA4.0+NAA0.1;生根培养基:(6)MS+NAA0.3。以上培养基(1)～(5)中蔗糖浓度为3%,(6)为2%,琼脂均为7.5g·L-1,pH5.4。培养温度21～23℃,启动和增殖培养的光强50～56μmol·m-2·s-1,生根培养的光强40μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间12h·d-1。4生长与分化情况4.1无菌材料获取及侧芽的诱导选取植株中…     

野扇花的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称野扇花(Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf),别名清香桂。2材料类别带腋芽的嫩茎段。3培养条件(1)诱导培养基:MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1(单位下同)+NAA0.05+LH450;(2)增殖培养基:MS+6-BA0.5+NAA0.01+LH300;(3)生根培养基:1/4MS+NAA0.3+IBA0.2。(1)和(2)培养基均附加3%蔗糖、0.7%琼脂,(3)附加1.5%蔗糖、0.6%琼脂,pH5.8～6.0。培养温度(23±2)℃,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1左右,光照时间12h·d-1(李树丽和石文山2005;李雪等2005)。4生长与分化情况4.1外植体的处理先用洗涤剂将外植体清洗3次,然后在流水下冲洗2～3h。在超净工作台上用0.1…     

星叶草

一年生小草本,高3～9cm。根直伸,支根纤细。宿存的2子叶和叶簇生于植物顶部。子叶条形或披针状条形,长4～11mm,宽0．6～2mm,无毛。叶菱状倒卵形、匙形或楔形。长0．35～2．3cm,宽0．6～2mm,具牙齿．牙齿顶端有刺状短尖,无毛,脉二叉状分枝。     

花椒挥发油抗肿瘤药理作用研究

目的 提取花椒挥发油,并对其进行抗人肺癌杀伤及诱导凋亡试验。观察花椒是否具有抗肿瘤活性,并确定其最小杀伤肿瘤细胞的剂量;同时观察诱导细胞凋亡的最小剂量以确定其抗肿瘤机制。方法 利用改进水蒸气法提取花椒挥发油,利用Tween-80作为助溶剂对花椒倍比稀释,对人A549肺癌细胞进行抗肿瘤试验,利用SRB方法和形态学确认细胞杀伤率,采用荧光染料Hochest33258染色检测细胞的凋亡水平。将试验同时分为时间-效应组（24、48、72h）和剂量-效应组（0．125～16mg／ml）。结果 ≥4mg／ml以上剂量的花椒挥发油提取物对A549具有较高的抑瘤率,达到87．9％;最低抑瘤浓度为1mg／ml,抑瘤率为40．2％。形态学观察结果表明,被杀伤的细胞体积萎缩,细胞膜皱缩,成活细胞数稀疏,数量明显低于空白对照组。不同给药时间的研究结果表明,药物最佳作用时间为48h及72h。利用低于杀伤浓度的剂量作用于A549进行研究,观察其对A549细胞凋亡的影响,利用Hochest33258观察对细胞核的影响。结果表明,0．51mg／ml剂量的花椒挥发油提取物作用于细胞72h对肿瘤细胞具有明显的诱导细胞凋亡作用。结论 高浓度（4～16mg／m1）的花椒挥发油对人肺癌A549细胞株有杀伤作用,低浓度（1mg／ml）的花椒挥发油对A549有诱导细胞凋亡的作用。     

The Xanthones of Swertia erythtrosticta Maxim

Swertia erythrosticta Maxim. (Gentianaceae) is a herb used for curing some diseases in Tibetan traditional medicine system. Eight xanthones were isolated from this species. Their structures were identified as 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(Ⅰ), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅱ), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (Ⅲ), 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (Ⅳ), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (Ⅴ), 1,3,7,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone(Ⅵ), as well as 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 5-dihydroxy-3 -metho xy xanthone(Ⅶ), 8-O-β-D-gl ucopyr anosyl- 1,3,5- trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅷ) by means of chemical methodes and spectral analyses.     

Sul Dioicismo Di Idesia Polycarpa Maxim

Summary

On the dioecism in idesia polycarpa maxim.

Idesia polycarpa Maxim. is a dioecious species, native of Japan and China. Two specimens have been studied for this research, a ♀ and a ♂ one, growing in the Botanical garden of Siena.

The female plant does not present anomalies in the sex behaviour; the male plant, on the contrary, bears occasionaly some flowers with ovaries, which exceptionally develop into fruits.

In the Botanical Garden of Pisa a case of complete sex inversion has been observed (male into female).

In both the ♀ and the ♂ the first development stage is identical and hermaphrodyte. The flower is tendentially proterandrous, unisexuality being attained only successively.

In the male flowers the pystil degenerates while the pollen mother cells undergo meiosis. The ovary ceases developing farther, at the ovule forming stage from the placentae. The only cellular line which degenerates is the epithelium, which lines the ovary inner surface and extends as far the upper surface of the stygma. The microspores tetrads form contemporarily. The tapetum is of the secretory type.

The stamens degenerates in female flowers at the moment corresponding to the passage from the vegetative to the reproductive stage; i. e. the stamens of the female flowers are not capable to carry out the meiosis. The first cellular layer to be reached by a degeneration process is the tapetum; the second is the archesporial tissue. During the degeneration of these two tissues ovules are developing. The female gamethophyte is of the monomegasporial, normal, eightnucleate type. The fruits born by the female plant are roundish, with 8–30 fertile seeds and 50–65 sterile ones. Thè fruits which are exceptionally born by the male plant are bigger, pear-shaped, and countain 20–40 fertile seeds and 65–85 sterile ones.

The epithelium lining the ovaries undergoes total degeneration in normal male flowers; a partial one in the occasional male flowers which have more or less developed pistils. When only the stygma epithelium degenerates, the ovary produces a higher number of ovules even through the whole style region, so that a style does not form and the ovary does not shut, giving a pear-haped fruit.

A higher number of seeds are therefore produced by such an ovary, not only because the placentae go on producing ovules for a longer period, but because also their stylar region is active in this process. It is evident then, that the stigma plays a very important role in the normal closing of the ovary.

In the cases of partial degeneration, ovules remain vital only where the corresponding epithelium is unaltered. This shows that the epithelium has a great importance in the ovule producing phase of the placentae.

Everything seems to point out that the anthers degeneration is autonomous, owing to its own incapacity to undergo meiosis. On the contrary the suppression of the ovary in the male flower is not autonomous and does not occur in a particular moment of the ovary development, but it coincides with microsporogenesis. The suppressor of the ♀ sex therefore acts through the opposite sex. In a male plant where the anthers happen to degenerate, pystils develop in various degree, even completely.

The flowers of the female plant reache the microsporogenesis stadium about 15 days later than those of the male. The author suggests that this delay may be responsible for the realization of the female sex, checking the normal development of the anthers, probably under the influence of environmental factors. On this base he has tried to explain anomalies in male flowers.     

四合木的化学成分研究

从我国蒺藜科特有属植物四合木（Taraena mongolica Maxim）的全株中首次得到了五种化合物。应用光谱等检测方法,对其结构进行了鉴定。分别鉴定为：十四碳酸月桂醇酯（1）、羽扇豆醇（2）、β-谷甾醇（3）、5,7,3＇,4＇-四羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮（4）、5,7,4’-三羟基-3,3’-二甲氧基黄酮（5）。上述成分均为首次从四合木中得到。其中5,7,3’,4＇-四羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮表现出较高的抗氧化活性。     

甘西鼠尾草一新变型

2004年8月份,我们在巴颜喀拉山南坡考察时,在四川省的壤塘县发现了甘西鼠尾草的个白花变型,生境为海拔3350m的沟谷林缘灌丛,现报道如下。     

蓝花侧金盏化学成分的研究

从藏药蓝花侧金盏的乙醇溶液中分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱学方法分别鉴定为三十一烷醇(1)、对甲酰基肉桂酸(2)、芹菜素(3)、木犀草素(4)、荭草苷(5)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、异荭草苷(7)及侧金盏醇(8)。化合物1、2、4、6、7均首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

延龄草中微量元素研究

目的:通过测定延龄草中微量元素的含量,发挥延龄草的药用和食用价值.方法:采用干法灰化处理样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定延龄草中微量元素的含量.结果:延龄草中9种微量元素含量分别是:Zn 20.00 mg/kg,Fe 95.5 mg/kg,Cu 7.5 mg/kg,Mn 11.75 mg/kg,Cd 0.02 mg/kg,Cr 0.0955 mg/kg,Co 0.0075 mg/kg,Pb 0.01175 mg/kg,Ni 0.07275mg/kg.结论:延龄草中人体必需的微量元素Zn、Fe、Mn的含量较高,有害元素Pb、Cd等的含量很低.     

五角枫种群表型多样性

为揭示五角枫种群的表型分化程度、变异模式及地理变异规律,以山西19个种群为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法从形态学角度对五角枫种群的叶片、果实、种子等23个表型性状进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1)五角枫23个表型性状中除果柄长、着生痕、种子长/宽以外,其余20个表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在显著和极显著差异。(2)19个种群的平均变异系数为18.07。叶片、果实、种子的平均表型变异系数依次为:果实19.78%叶片18.77%种子10.25%。(3)五角枫种群间表型分化系数(VST)均值为48.82%,种群内变异(51.18%)与种群间变异(48.82%)基本相当。叶片、果实、种子表型分化系数的平均值为:叶片58.08%果实41.24%种子25.87%。(4)五角枫叶片、果实和种子的信息多样性指数(H)为:叶片6.1079果实5.9118种子5.2855;多样性指数平均值(D)分别为:果实0.9967叶片0.9961种子0.9948。(5)主成分分析结果显示:五角枫种群表型多样性基本来源为:叶片贡献率果实贡献率种子贡献率。(6)五角枫表型变异呈现出以经度和纬度变异并存的趋势,少数表型性状与经度和纬度呈现显著或极显著相关。(7)利用欧氏距离对五角枫种群进行UPGMA聚类分析,将五角枫19个种群划分为两大类群。五角枫种群具有较高的表型多样性,种群间和种群内均存在丰富的表型变异,与其遗传特点和分布生境等密切相关,研究结果为今后五角枫种质资源的保护和利用奠定了基础。     

The Chemical Constituents from Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.

Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. is endemic in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It has been widely used in Tibetan traditional medicine. From the methanol extracts of this species, eight compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid ( Ⅰ ), ursolic acid ( Ⅱ ), daucosterol (Ⅲ), skimmin (Ⅳ), eosmosiin (Ⅴ), pedalitin (Ⅵ), pedaliin (Ⅶ), and a new natural product pedaliin-6″-acetate ( ⅩⅢ ).