空肠弯曲杆菌与弗氏完全佐剂诱导系统性红斑狼疮样小鼠模型的建立

目的建立系统性红斑狼疮小鼠模型。方法利用空肠弯曲杆菌（CJ-朝1株）弗氏完全佐剂建立了系统性红斑狼疮模型（SLE）小鼠模型,并检测了淋巴细胞转化指数、dsDNA、器官组织病理切片、血清TNF-α和MMP-9。结果经过初次免疫和再次免疫后模型小鼠体重明显减轻,状态比较差。淋巴细胞转化指数增加,dsDNA水平明显增高,器官组织病理有炎症改变,血清TNF-α和MMP-9的水平明显增高。结论该模型具有系统性红斑狼疮的某些症状,为SLE的研究提供了的实验资料。     

不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒肺小血管内血栓形成

目的本实验旨在观察不同品系小鼠感染甲型流感病毒后肺组织内血栓形成的情况。方法使用H1N1病毒A/California/7/2009（CA7）株和H3N2病毒A/Brisbane/10/07株,对BALB/C小鼠、Scid小鼠、NOD/LTJ小鼠、BALB/C-nu小鼠、NOD-Scid小鼠和icosl-KO小鼠经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒。检测小鼠感染后肺组织病毒拷贝数并观察肺组织病理学改变。结果 H1N1和H3N2滴鼻攻毒的各组小鼠均染毒,病理表现为程度略有差异的间质性肺炎。13只H1N1病毒感染小鼠和6只H3N2感染小鼠在肺组织中观察到多个小血管内有血栓形成,血栓成分主要为纤维素和血小板。结论各品系小鼠感染H1N1和H3N2流感病毒后均可能出现肺组织内血栓形成。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒感染不同免疫缺陷小鼠的比较

目的宿主免疫系统的功能状态在病毒的感染中起着至关重要的作用,本实验观察了不同免疫缺陷小鼠感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的差异。方法使用六个品系的近交系小鼠,经乙醚麻醉后进行滴鼻攻毒,分析其在病毒感染后存活率、体重变化和肺组织病理改变的异同。结果感染H1N1病毒的6种小鼠在观察的14d内,野生型的C57BL／6小鼠感染开始体重缓慢下降,感染后期有所回升,有半数存活;BALB／c小鼠和四种免疫缺陷品系小鼠感染病毒后体重随病情发展快速下降,死亡率均为100％。野生型C57BL／6小鼠感染初期为较弥漫的间质性肺炎,后期病变逐渐局限;BALB／c小鼠和四种免疫缺陷品系小鼠感染病毒后出现弥漫的中重度间质性肺炎,细支气管上皮有变性坏死,但炎症细胞明显少于C57BL／6小鼠。结论在甲型H1N1流感病毒的初次感染中固有免疫和特异性免疫分别在感染的初期和后期起主要作用,宿主免疫系统的功能状态影响着甲型H1N1病毒感染和预后。     

小鼠白血病实验模型

动物白血病模型包括自发性白血病、由物理、化学及生物致癌因子诱发的白血病以及在纯系动物中传代的细胞移植性白血病.它们在研究人类白血病和其它恶性肿瘤的病因学、发病学、实验治疗和新抗癌药物的筛选中都发挥了重要作用.早在1908年,有学者用鸡白血病组织的     

人巨细胞病毒先天性中枢神经系统感染小鼠模型的建立

将人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）接种至８￣１２周龄Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ雌雄小鼠腹腔后,交配。等雌鼠临产时剖腹取出胎鼠脑双侧大脑皮层,进行病毒分析、病理学检测及用地高辛标记的ＨＣＭＶ寡核苷酸探针对大脑皮层细胞压印片进行原位分子杂交检测。病理学研究结果证实,鼠脑为侵袭性脑膜脑炎性病理改变,并在神经细胞内发现病毒特性性的大的核内嗜碱性包涵体;原位杂交结果显示,病毒核酸存在于受染神经细胞及神经胶质细胞核内及胞浆内;在鼠     

逆向溶血斑法检测小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮的分泌

用逆向溶血斑法检测单个小鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮的分泌,为进一步研究单个睾丸间质细胞的结构和功能提供一种有效的途径,结果表明,分泌睾酮的睾丸间质细胞周围形成空斑,空斑面积随睾酮分泌增加而增大,说明只要获得抗体,逆向溶血斑法就可以检测任何细胞的分泌物。     

建立小鼠心肌梗死模型的研究

目的建立心肌梗死小鼠模型。方法40只昆明小鼠,PTCA导丝逆行引导下气管插管,人工呼吸,采用开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支方法造成心肌梗死。结果40只小鼠成功行左前降支结扎术;术后1天存活小鼠38只,术后2周存活32只。结论此方法可有效模拟心肌梗死的发生。     

结核分枝杆菌持续感染小鼠模型的建立及其免疫特征

为建立小鼠结核分枝杆菌持续感染模型并研究其免疫应答特征,选取雌性C57BL/6小鼠,经尾静脉感染结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株,并以异烟肼和利福平联合治疗。分别于感染后4、8、12周处死小鼠,用平板法计数肺和脾荷菌数,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中特异性抗体水平及亚类,流式细胞术检测CD4+脾淋巴细胞经结核分枝杆菌抗原——纯化蛋白衍生物(PPD)刺激后分泌细胞因子的细胞比例。结果显示,感染4周后小鼠肺和脾荷菌数lg CFU分别达3.67±0.25和3.54±0.24,至少持续8周;药物治疗可有效降低脏器荷菌数。感染12周后,感染组血清中抗结核分枝杆菌特异性抗体水平显著升高(P0.01),且以IgG1为主;治疗组总IgG抗体水平显著低于感染组(P0.01),且IgG2a相对较高(P0.05)。感染组CD4+脾淋巴细胞中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素2(IL-2)分泌细胞比例显著增加(P0.01和P0.001),而IL-4分泌细胞比例显著降低(P0.01);治疗组IL-2和IL-4分泌细胞比例显著低于正常组(P0.05和P0.01)。本研究建立的小鼠结核分枝杆菌持续感染模型有望用于结核病治疗性疫苗和药物的研发及筛选。     

裸鼠呼吸道合胞病毒感染的动物模型

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的首位病毒病原体,免疫缺陷个体容易发生严重感染,目前尚无理想RSV感染动物模型用于研究。我们用细胞免疫缺陷裸鼠感染RSV,旨在建立理想的动物模型,为RSV感染的防治研究奠定基础。裸鼠滴鼻感染RSV后肺组织分离到病毒,直接免疫荧光检测到支气管肺泡灌洗液RSV抗原阳性,空斑形成实验检测肺组织病毒滴度在感染后第3天达高峰,并持续到第9天仍能检测到病毒。免疫组化检测RSV抗原主要分布在细支气管、毛细支气管和肺泡上皮细胞胞浆内。肺组织病理学显示RSV感染导致裸鼠淋巴细胞浸润为主的肺间质性炎症,电镜分析超微结构可见到细胞内病毒颗粒和气血屏障的破坏。支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数显示裸鼠RSV感染炎症高峰在感染后第9天。裸鼠RSV感染的病毒复制和病理改变特点与人相似,病毒持续高水平复制,是客观而实用的评价抗RSV制剂效果的小鼠模型。     

裸鼠呼吸道合胞病毒感染的动物模型

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是全世界婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的首位病毒病原体,免疫缺陷个体容易发生严重感染,目前尚无理想RSV感染动物模型用于研究.我们用细胞免疫缺陷裸鼠感染RSV,旨在建立理想的动物模型,为RSV感染的防治研究奠定基础.裸鼠滴鼻感染RSV后肺组织分离到病毒,直接免疫荧光检测到支气管肺泡灌洗液RSV抗原阳性,空斑形成实验检测肺组织病毒滴度在感染后第3天达高峰,并持续到第9天仍能检测到病毒.免疫组化检测RSV抗原主要分布在细支气管、毛细支气管和肺泡上皮细胞胞浆内.肺组织病理学显示RSV感染导致裸鼠淋巴细胞浸润为主的肺间质性炎症,电镜分析超微结构可见到细胞内病毒颗粒和气血屏障的破坏.支气管肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数显示裸鼠RSV感染炎症高峰在感染后第9天.裸鼠RSV感染的病毒复制和病理改变特点与人相似,病毒持续高水平复制,是客观而实用的评价抗RSV制剂效果的小鼠模型.     

Haemocyte population and ultrastructural changes during the immune response of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus to microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti

Abstract Haemocytes circulating in the haemolymph protect insects against pathogens that enter the haemocoel. Changes in haemocyte morphology and differences in haemocyte counts during the immune response of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) to microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) were investigated in the present study. The mean number of total haemocytes was significantly elevated in infected mosquitoes (P < 0.001), reaching a peak on the third day post‐infection. Differential counts show that mean numbers of prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular cells and oenocytoids increased significantly after infection with microfilariae granulocytes compared to the control and näive groups of Cx. quinquefasciatus (P < 0.05). Changes in proportional counts of haemocytes were also analysed in haemolymph perfusates of Cx. quinquefasciatus infected with W. bancrofti. On the first day post‐infection, infected mosquitoes showed an increase in the proportion of prohaemocytes (18.8% compared to 9.6% for the control) and of oenocytoids (7.1% compared to 4.7% control); however, they exhibited lower levels of plasmatocytes (36.6% compared to 42.1% control) and granular cells (36.1% compared to 41.4% control). On day 14 post‐infection, similar changes were observed for these haemocyte types, except that the proportion of granular cells was significantly greater than the control (41.2% compared to 31.3% control). Although an enhancement of prohaemocyte numbers was observed, this cellular type did not show any ultrastructural alteration. On the other hand, granular cells, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids presented morphological alterations indicative of innate immunological activation in mosquitoes infected with W. bancrofti.     

Changes in the haemocyte population of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, following infection with the filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti

The mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), which causes human bancroftian filariasis. Information on the mosquito humoral response against the filarial parasite during the process of its infection and development is important, as it decides the vector competence of the mosquito. Visible changes in the haemocyte population of mosquito, if any, will be an indicator of the possible humoral factors. The present study was aimed at investigating changes in the populations of various types of haemocytes of Cx. quinquefasciatus following infection with W. bancrofti. On day 2 post-feeding on microfilaraemic blood, the haemolymph perfusate of infected mosquitoes with L1 stage of the parasite showed 44.1% granulocytes, 42% prohaemocytes and 13.9% plasmatocytes, whereas that of the control mosquitoes fed on amicrofilaraemic blood showed 63.4% plasmatocytes, 22.2% prohaemocytes and 14.4% granulocytes. Differences in the population numbers of haemocyte types between the infected and control were significant (P > 0.05). However, the mosquitoes examined on day 6 post-feeding, when the parasite was in L2 stage, did not show any such changes. But, similar changes reappeared on day 12 in mosquitoes with L3 stage of the parasite. The observed haemocyte population changes indicate the possibility of some amount of humoral immune response, through the production of certain immune molecules, in Cx. quinquefasciatus infected with W. bancrofti. The nature and exact role of such a response on the filarial parasite development need further investigation.     

Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in paired serum and urine samples using polymerase chain reaction-based systems

The Global Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) aims toeliminate this disease by the year 2020. However, the development of more specificand sensitive tests is important for the success of the GPELF. The present studyaimed to standardise polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based systems for the diagnosisof filariasis in serum and urine. Twenty paired biological urine and serum samplesfrom individuals already known to be positive for Wuchereria bancroftiwere collected during the day. Conventional PCR and semi-nested PCR assayswere optimised. The detection limit of the technique for purified W.bancrofti DNA extracted from adult worms was 10 fg for the internalsystems (WbF/Wb2) and 0.1 fg by using semi-nested PCR. The specificity of the primerswas confirmed experimentally by amplification of 1 ng of purified genomic DNA fromother species of parasites. Evaluation of the paired urine and serum samples by thesemi-nested PCR technique indicated only two of the 20 tested individuals werepositive, whereas the simple internal PCR system (WbF/Wb2), which has highlypromising performance, revealed that all the patients were positive using bothsamples. This study successfully demonstrated the possibility of using the PCRtechnique on urine for the diagnosis of W. bancrofti infection.     

The Establishment of an In Vivo HIV-1 Infection Model in Humanized B-NSG Mice

Suitable animal models for human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infection are important for elucidating viral pathogenesis and evaluating antiviral strategies in vivo. The B-NSG(NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1/Bcge) mice that have severe immune defect phenotype are examined for the suitability of such a model in this study. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were engrafted into B-NSG mice via mouse tail vein injection, and the repopulated human T-lymphocytes were observed at as early as 3-weeks post-transplantation in mouse peripheral blood and several tissues.The humanized mice could be infected by HIV-1, and the infection recapitulated features of T-lymphocyte dynamic observed in HIV-1 infected humans, meanwhile the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) suppressed viral replication and restored T lymphocyte abnormalities. The establishment of HIV-1 infected humanized B-NSG mice not only provides a model to study virus and T cell interplays, but also can be a useful tool to evaluate antiviral strategies.     

人巨细胞病毒AD169株感染家兔致病机理的初步研究

本文试用家兔作HCMV感染致病机制模型研究,用家兔荧光法及病毒再分离技术考证了感染期间的病毒血症动态。观察到兔在原发性病毒感染后的第13无病毒首先在单核细胞(MC)、淋巴细胞(LC)中显现,并向血浆排放病毒,进而随血道播散至全身组织,引起相应靶器官感染致病。     

胰腺癌裸鼠皮下异种移植动物模型建立研究

目的:用人体胰腺癌细胞株,建立小鼠胰腺癌细胞株(pGHAM-1)移植性胰腺癌模型,并研究其生物学特性。方法:将pGHAM-1细胞培养后配成1×107/ml,取0.2mL接种于小鼠皮下。于接种后20、30、40天观察肿瘤的生长、转移及腹水量。接种40天后处死动物,解剖取出移植瘤,用游标卡尺测量肿瘤大小,再进行HE染色的组织病理学检查,免疫组织化学检测血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及肿瘤转移相关蛋白(nm23-H1)的表达。结果:分别于20、30、40天测量肿瘤体积为84.1±21.9 mm3,413.7±208.4 mm3,2187.3±1882.8 mm3,后者与10 d前比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。HE染色结果显示肿瘤组织呈条索状或小梁状排列,肿瘤组织与正常组织交界处有少量淋巴细胞浸润,肿瘤组织中血管生成罕见。免疫组织结果显示VEGF和nm23-H1蛋白在肿瘤组织中均呈阴性表达。结论:异位裸鼠人胰腺癌移植瘤模型易复制,时间短,成功率高,为胰腺癌体内研究提供了理想的动物模型。     

结核分枝杆菌感染实验模型

结核分枝杆菌是引起人结核病的主要病原,全世界约有1/3人口感染结核分枝杆菌。尽管该病原可感染并引起许多动物疾病,但人类是其中心宿主。为研究结核分枝杆菌的致病机理及宿主对本病原的保护性和免疫病理学反应,选择合适的动物模型非常必要。本文阐述了结核病研究中常用的实验模型及各种模型的优缺点。实验模型的合理应用将促进我们对结核病的认识,从中获取的资料将有助于我们发现更好的预防和治疗方案。     

人T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠动物模型的建立

目的:通过建立一理想的动物模型来模拟T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病的发病状态,为探索急性淋巴细胞白血病全新的治疗方法提供平台。方法:采用抗鼠-CD122抗体注射NOD/SCID小鼠进行预处理,通过尾静脉注射9例不同病例的白血病细胞,以及1株T-ALL细胞系。通过检测小鼠体内白血病细胞及脏器白血病细胞浸润情况,观察白血病细胞植入。将白血病细胞进行二次移植,观察移植稳定性。对白血病动物模型进行药物处理,观察小鼠生存期,模拟人体治疗反应。结果:有4例病例的细胞及T-ALL细胞株成功植入。流式细胞检测显示受体小鼠体内较多比例人CD45+细胞表达,免疫组化显示CD45+细胞浸润小鼠不同脏器,系列移植也获得成功。体内药物处理显示地塞米松能延长小鼠的生存期,与临床观察相一致。结论:成功建立经抗鼠CD122单抗预处理的人T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病NOD/SCID小鼠模型,具有原发疾病的所有主要特征。