糖尿病大鼠的SOD活性与抗氧化剂治疗对机体抗氧化状态的影响

目的探究糖尿病大鼠主要脏器SOD活性及蛋白表达水平的变化,并观察抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)短期治疗(4周)后对机体抗氧化状态的影响。方法 STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠(D组,n=8)每天给予NAC 1.5 g/kg灌胃治疗(D+N组,n=8),正常对照组(C组,n=8)同时给予同体积生理盐水。4周后,获取心、肺、肝、肾组织,试剂盒检测血浆总SOD、总抗氧化物浓度、脂质过氧化特异性标志物15-F2t-isoprostane及各组织总超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,Western blotting分析SOD亚型Cu/Zn-SOD及MnSOD蛋白表达水平。结果与C组相比,D组大鼠血浆15-F2t-isoprostane与总抗氧化物浓度及心肌组织中总SOD活性显著升高,而血浆、肺、肝、肾组织总SOD活性显著降低;心、肺组织中Cu/Zn-SOD蛋白表达水平明显升高,而肝、肾组织中明显降低;肺、肾组织中Mn-SOD蛋白表达水平明显降低,而肝组织明显升高,但心肌组织变化不明显。NAC干预能不同程度逆转上述改变,但进一步降低肾组织Mn-SOD表达。结论糖尿病大鼠各组织中总SOD活性、Cu/Zn-SOD及Mn-SOD蛋白表达水平具有组织差异性,抗氧化剂NAC能不同程度恢复糖尿病大鼠各组织抗氧化水平,从而起到阻止或延缓糖尿病相关的靶器官功能损害的作用。     

TMAO对脾虚高脂血症大鼠脂代谢的影响及香砂六君子汤的干预作用

目的 本研究拟探讨肠道菌群代谢物TMAO对脾虚高脂血症大鼠肝脂质代谢的影响,并进一步探讨香砂六君子汤干预肝脂质代谢紊乱的可能机制。方法 SD大鼠分为：空白对照组(C组);空白对照组+DMB(C+D组),DMB为TMAO抑制剂;脾虚高脂血症组(PG组);脾虚高脂血症+DMB组(PG+D组);脾虚高脂血症+香砂六君子汤组(PG+XS组)。除C组、C+D组外各组构建以劳倦过度和高脂饲料相结合建立脾虚高脂血症模型(造模12周),模型建立后C+D组、PG+D组每天饮用水中给予1%DMB,PG+XS组每天灌胃香砂六君子汤(每天11.34 g生药/kg),其余给予等量生理盐水,4周后进行取材检测。全自动生化仪检测大鼠血脂含量;HE染色、油红O染色观察大鼠肝变化及脂质沉积情况;ELISA法检测大鼠肝FFA变化;试剂盒法检测各组大鼠TG、TC含量;LC-MS法检测大鼠血浆TMAO含量;qRT-PCR法检测大鼠肝PERK、FOXO1、SREBP-2、ABCA1、miR-33 mRNA相对表达水平;Western Blot检测大鼠肝SREBP-2、ABCA1蛋白表达。结果 (1)PG组大鼠血清中TC、TG和...     

条件必需氨基酸对放射损伤大鼠血浆蛋白的影响

观察条件必需氨基酸对放射损伤大鼠血浆蛋白的影响。以雄性Wistar大鼠 6 9只 ,普通饲料喂养 6天 ,随机分成A、B、C、D四组 ,A、B、C组各 2 0只、D组 9只。A、B、C三组动物均接受 6 .5Gy的γ线全身照射 ,D组动物不照射。照射后在A组饲料中添加 3%精氨酸 +5 %牛磺酸 +1%谷氨酰胺 ;B组饲料中添加与A组等氮量的甘氨酸 (10 .91% ) ;C组及D组仍喂普通饲料。照射后 7及 14天测血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、纤维结合蛋白。结果显示A组在饲料摄入量、体重及血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、纤维结合蛋白水平等方面均优于B组及C组。提示饲料中增加条件必需氨基酸含量可以改善进食 ,促进体重恢复及蛋白质合成 ,进而提高受照大鼠应激能力     

模拟失重及高+Gx对猕猴心肌超微结构、血浆内皮素-1及C-反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨30天模拟失重后高+Gx过载对猴猴心肌超微结构、血浆内皮素-1及C反应蛋白的影响,来研究模拟失重超重对心血管的影响,本实验为研究抗荷服和飞船轨道运行段应急返回超重医学提供实验数据.方法:15只雄性猕猴随机分为5组,即模拟失重组(对照组,A),+13 Gx/230 s组(B),模拟失重超重组+11 Gx/270 s(C),模拟失重超重组+13 Gx/230 s(D)和模拟失重超重组+15 Gx/200 s(E).动物放血处死,抽取血液测定血浆内皮素-1及C反应蛋白的含量,组织取材后经戊二醛固定,制成电镜标本,观察猴心肌超微结构的变化.结果:C组、D组和E组血浆内皮素-1及C反应蛋白含量较A组升高,有统计学意义(P＜0.05),C、D、E组之间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D组血浆内皮素-1及C反应蛋白含量较B组升高,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).电镜下A组可见线粒体双层膜结构清晰,线粒体嵴清晰;B、C、D组部分线粒体出现双层膜结构消失,嵴数量减少;E组线粒体出现水肿、空泡样变,肌节断裂.结论:(1)失重后超重+13 Gx可引起心肌轻微损伤,失重后超重+15 Gx心肌损伤严重,且损伤程度随着+Gx值的增加而加重.(2)失重后超重比单纯超重心肌损伤严重.(3)本实验为超重耐力研究和提出科学合理的飞船轨道运行段应急返回超重医学提供实验支持.     

甲醛对大鼠脑影响的实验形态学研究

２４只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,体重２００～２８０ｇ。６只为正常对照组,１８只为实验性甲醛蒸气吸入组,每天定时吸入甲醛蒸气（２００ｍｇ／ｍ３）３０分钟,分别在７、１４和２１天后处死,然后观察大脑皮层神经细胞的酶组织化学变化及超微结构变化。酶组织化学结果显示：ＳＤＨ、Ｍｇ－ＭＴａｓｅ,ＣｈＥ活性降低↓;ＡＬＰ、ＡＣＰ、ＭＡＯ活性增强↑。超微结构变化可见（２１天）：皮层神经细胞线粒体嵴断裂、肿胀、空泡样变。表明甲醛对大脑皮层神经细胞的功能和结构均有影响。     

JNK1信号分子参与调控糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞肥大和纤维化

目的:探讨c-jun N端蛋白激酶1(JNK1)信号分子在糖尿病(DM)大鼠心肌细胞肥大和纤维化过程中的作用。方法:使用60mg/kg链脲佐菌造模后,将造模成功的48只大鼠分为3组,依次为糖尿病模型组(A组,n=16),腹腔注射生理盐水20μg/(kg·d);AngⅡ给药组(B组,n=16),将血管紧张素Ⅱ+0.9%生理盐水的ALZET微渗透泵植入皮下,以剂量700 ng/kg·d血管紧张素Ⅱ连续给药6周;SP600125给药组(C组,n=16),一次性尾静脉注射15 mg/kg SP600125。另外,选取20只大鼠为正常对照组(D组),给予等量溶媒。连续喂养两个月后检测相关指标。每周检测大鼠的空腹血糖水平,并称重,之后处死大鼠,称量心脏重量,计算心体比值和左室指数,同时应用免疫组化法检测心肌组织中Vimentin、collagenⅠ和α-actin的表达情况,另外,应用RT-PCR检测心肌组织中PI3Km RNA和Akt-1m RNA的表达情况。结果:D组大鼠状态良好,无死亡现象;A组和B组大鼠状态不佳,C组大鼠状态较好,三组大鼠均有死亡现象;A组、B组和C组大鼠的体重、心重明显低于D组,而心体比值显著高于D组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A、B、C三组大鼠的体重、心重和心体比值之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);A、B、C组大鼠造模后空腹血糖水平明显高于D组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与D组相比,A组、B组和C组大鼠心肌组织中Vimentin、collagenⅠ和α-actin的平均光密度值明显升高;C组大鼠心肌组织中Vimentin、collagenⅠ和α-actin的平均光密度值显著低于A组和B组,同时B组大鼠心肌组织中Vimentin、collagenⅠ和α-actin的平均光密度值明显高于A组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);A组、B组和C组大鼠心肌组织中PI3Km RNA和Akt-1m RNA表达水平明显高于D组,C组大鼠心肌组织中PI3Km RNA和Akt-1m RNA表达水平显著低于A组和B组,而A组大鼠心肌组织中PI3Km RNA和Akt-1m RNA表达水平明显低于B组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:JNK1信号分子可以通过IRS-1-PI3K-Akt途径影响信号传导,进而诱发糖尿病心肌病,Vimentin、collagenⅠ和α-actin表达水平升高,加速心肌细胞肥大和纤维化的进程。使用抑制剂后能明显改善这些蛋白的表达,这为临床上的治疗提供理论基础。     

间歇有氧运动联合rhG-CSF可促进心肌组织Ang-1表达和血管再生

为了探讨间歇有氧运动联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员对心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织Ang-1表达及血管新生的影响。本研究以3月龄雄性SD大鼠为试验材料,通过结扎LAD建立MI模型。术后存活大鼠随机分为5组:假手术对照组(A组)、心肌梗死组(B组)、间歇有氧运动+心肌梗死组(C组)、rh G-CSF+心肌梗死组(D组)和间歇有氧运动+rh G-CSF+心肌梗死组(E组)。C组和E组8周后运用免疫组织化学方法检测心肌组织Ang-1、α-SMA、Ⅷ因子的表达(数)量。实验表明各干预手段均可促进MI大鼠心肌组织的Ang-1的表达量,且E组表达更显著;α-SMA染色结果显示:与A组比较,B组α-SMA表达数量无显著变化,与B组比较,C、D、E组血管新生数量分别提高了140.57%、271.73%和524.63%;Ⅷ因子染色结果显示:与A组比较,B组血管新生数量增多,与B组比较,C、D、E组血管新生数量分别提高了104.89%、232.66%和439.86%。研究表明间歇有氧运动和/或粒细胞集落刺激因子动员均可促进心梗大鼠心肌组织中Ang-1的表达,血管新生数量增多,且二者联合干预效果优于单一因素,为更有效治疗缺血性心脏病提供基础理论依据。     

Ang Ⅱ拮抗剂对慢性肾衰大鼠肾血流量和肾内氧耗的影响

目的观察血管紧张素II(AngⅡ)拮抗剂对5/6(ablation/infarction,A/I)肾切除诱导慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠肾功能、肾血流量及肾内氧耗的影响。方法制备5/6(A/I)肾切除诱导慢性肾衰大鼠模型,设正常组(A组,n=14只),模型组(B组,n=14只),AngⅡ拮抗剂治疗组(氯沙坦钾联合福辛普利钠)(C组,n=14只)。给予相应干预,疗程60 d。分别测量尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP),检测大鼠尾静脉血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血红蛋白(Hb),计算内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)。干预60 d后,检测肾血流量(RBF)、腹主动脉和肾静脉血气(AABG and RVBG),左肾静脉压(RVpO2),计算残余肾内氧耗(QO2/TNa)及观察残肾组织病理变化。结果 (1)造模后与A组比较,B、C两组的Scr、BUN和尾动脉SBP、DBP显著增加(P0.01),Ccr、Hb显著降低(P0.01),提示造模成功。(2)干预后与B组比较,C组的Scr、尾动脉SBP、DBP、QO2/TNa明显下降(P0.01),BUN降低(P0.05),Hb、Ccr、RVpO2显著升高(P0.01),RBF升高(P0.05)。(3)残肾组织病理形态学变化显示,C组的肾组织病理变化明显减轻,优于B组。结论 AngⅡ拮抗剂可以增加慢性肾衰大鼠肾血流量,降低肾内氧耗,改善肾功能及减轻肾组织病理变化,其肾脏保护作用机制可能与其调节细胞能量代谢,改善肾内氧耗有关。     

大蒜素对运动大鼠心肌脂质过氧化反应的干预作用研究

研究大蒜素对大鼠大负荷运动后心肌脂质过氧化反应的干预作用及机制。将成年雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为安慰剂组(A组)和用药组(B组),B组每日定时经口腔灌胃给予大蒜素30 mg/kg体重,A组给予相同体重比例的安慰剂(蒸馏水)。两周后观察各组在安静时及完成一次性大负荷游泳运动后即刻、运动后24 h心肌超微结构变化,并测定心肌组织SOD、MDA、TAC和血清CK-MB等指标。结果显示运动后两组大鼠心肌超微结构都出现改变和损伤,B组表现较轻微。B组在运动后两个时相心肌SOD和TAC均显著高于A组;心肌MDA和血清CK-MB非常显著低于A组。提示大蒜素有助于减轻大负荷运动导致的心肌脂质过氧化反应。     

促红细胞生成素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注神经元的保护作用及P53蛋白的表达

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(Epo)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注神经细胞的保护作用.方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注Epo治疗组(又分为高剂量A组、低剂量B组)、缺血再灌注组(C组)及假手术组(D组),采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.参考Longa的5分制法在大鼠麻醉清醒后进行评分,TTC染色法观察线栓侧的梗死体积,并检测脑组织含水量的变化,HE染色法观察脑缺血再灌注后脑组织的病理变化,TUNEL法观察神经细胞凋亡情况,western blot法观察p53蛋白的表达变化.结果:对照组比较,大鼠脑缺血再灌注后出现不同程度的脑梗死,24h后缺血中心区及周围区均可见到p53蛋白表达.缺血再灌注6h内给予Epo可显著改善大鼠神经功能评分,减少梗死体积及脑组织含水量,减轻病理学变化及神经细胞凋亡.结论:Epo通过调控神经细胞凋亡、改善缺血再灌注损伤而发挥脑保护作用,P53蛋白参与缺血再灌注后神经细胞凋亡机制.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.