尕海湿地退化演替过程中土壤有机氮组分的变化特征

为探究尕海湿地退化演替过程中土壤有机氮各组分变化规律,采用野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究尕海湿地未退化(UD)、轻度退化(LD)、中度退化(MD)和重度退化(HD)4个退化演替阶段的土壤总氮(TN)和有机氮组分[未知态氮(HUN)、酸解氨态氮(AMN)、酸解氨基酸态氮(AAN)以及氨基糖态氮(ASN)]含量及其分布特征。结果表明: 当尕海湿地退化演替到LD时,0～10 cm层土壤TN、HUN、AMN和AAN含量分别降低17.3%、19.4%、8.6%和-5.6%,MD时分别降低28.0%、19.4%和17.1%和0,HD时分别降低35.8%、28.8%、28.6%和55.6%;10～20 cm层,LD时上述氮素含量分别降低4.0%、10.3%、2.9%和9.1%;MD时分别降低21.0%、18.3%、-2.9%和-9.1%;HD时分别降低9.9%、38.9%、21.2%和51.4%;而20～40 cm无显著变化;4个退化阶段各酸解氮组分占TN比例大小顺序为HUN(25.9%～32.5%)> AMN(6.7%～11.1%)> AAN(4.8%～11.1%)> ASN(1.2%～4.4%)。冗余分析显示,土壤含水量是土壤有机氮组分变化的主要驱动因子。尕海湿地退化显著降低了0～10 cm层土壤TN及酸解氮各组分含量,减弱了土壤氮“汇”功能,AAN和ASN对湿地退化最为敏感。     

不同覆盖材料对夏秋苹果根区土壤硝酸盐代谢的影响

以3年生新红星苹果树为试验材料,在春季将稻草苫、农用地毯、透明塑料膜和园艺地布覆盖地表,于夏秋季调查根区土壤硝化-反硝化作用、硝酸还原酶(NR)和亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性以及铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮含量和植株生长的变化.结果表明: 4种覆盖处理均降低了夏季土壤硝化强度和夏秋之交的土壤NiR活性,提高了秋季土壤铵态氮含量以及夏秋之交的土壤反硝化强度、NR活性和铵态氮含量,降低了夏秋季土壤硝化强度、反硝化强度和NR活性的变异系数;稻草苫提高了夏季和秋季土壤反硝化强度与硝态氮含量,降低了夏季土壤NR和NiR活性;在4种处理中,稻草苫覆盖的土壤硝化与反硝化强度及NR活性在整个夏秋季的变异系数最低;农用地毯降低了夏季土壤反硝化强度,提高了夏季土壤NR和NiR活性、夏秋之交土壤硝态氮含量和秋季土壤反硝化强度;透明塑料膜降低了夏季土壤硝态氮含量,提高了夏季土壤亚硝态氮含量、夏秋之交土壤硝态氮含量以及秋季土壤硝化强度和NiR活性;园艺地布提高了夏季土壤反硝化强度、夏秋之交和秋季土壤的硝化强度以及秋季土壤硝态氮含量.4种覆盖处理均促进了植株生长,其中稻草苫和园艺地布促进新梢和干径增粗的效果更显著;4种覆盖处理对夏秋季土壤硝酸盐代谢的影响不同,但对土壤硝酸盐代谢与转化都具有稳定作用,其中稻草苫的稳定效果最好.     

氮素减施对茶树光合作用和氮肥利用率的影响

为探讨当前茶园施肥水平下氮素减施对茶树的生长与氮肥利用率的影响,在大田条件下设置不施氮(空白对照CK),纯氮16 kg·667 m^-2(减氮55.6%,处理A)、纯氮26kg·667 m^-2(减氮27.8%,处理B)、纯氮36 kg·667 m^-2(常规施氮CF)4个施氮处理,研究氮素用量减施对茶树光合作用、产量、氮素吸收及其利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CF比较,处理B能提高茶树的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用率(WUE);各施氮肥处理中以处理B的产量最高,氮肥农学效率最高,土壤养分剩余较少,氮素的利用效率较高;CF产量较处理B增加不显著,氮肥农学效率降低,土壤未利用养分较多。因此,减氮27.8%的施肥能保证与常规施肥的茶叶产量,氮素利用率明显提升,有利于茶业的可持续发展。     

模拟氮沉降对天山云杉细根分解及其养分释放的影响

采用野外模拟试验,设计4种氮处理——对照(不施氮,CK)、低氮(施氮5kg·hm-2·a-1,LN)、中氮(施氮10kg·hm-2·a-1,MN)、高氮(施氮15kg·hm-2·a-1,HN),研究氮沉降对天山云杉细根分解及养分释放的影响。结果表明:(1)不同氮处理分解2年后天山云杉细根残留率依次为74.044%(HN)、71.967%(MN)、68.156%(CK)、61.933%(LN),且差异显著。(2)天山云杉的细根月分解速率在试验前期不同氮处理下规律不明显;而在试验后期呈现为对照中氮低氮高氮。(3)4种氮处理下天山云杉细根分解50%需要的时间依次为3.31年(LN)、3.67年(CK)、4.28年(MN)、4.64年(HN),分解95%需要的时间依次为14.39年(LN)、15.93年(CK)、18.58年(MN)和20.17年(HN)。(4)天山云杉细根C元素迁移模式总体表现为直接释放,N元氮为富集-释放模式,残留率呈现波动式下降趋势。(5)不同氮处理下天山云杉细根分解率与C元素浓度间均呈线性负相关关系;对照和低氮处理下,天山云杉细根分解率与N元素浓度间均为线性负相关关系,中氮和高氮处理下,细根分解率随N元素浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。     

氮肥对风箱果幼苗形态和生理特性的影响

采用盆栽实验的方法,设置4种水平氮肥处理,研究不同氮肥处理对风箱果1年生幼苗的生长表现、生物量积累和分配、光合生理特征、非结构性碳（NSC）积累等的影响。结果表明：施用氮肥促进了风箱果幼苗的地径、分枝数和冠幅的生长,促进了茎、叶和总生物量的积累（P<0.05）,提高了茎的生物量分配比例,减少了根生物量的分配比例;施用氮肥显著提高了净光合速率、叶氮含量、茎中的可溶性糖和NSC的积累（P<0.05）,但减少了根中的可溶性糖和NSC含量（P<0.05）。不同水平氮肥处理间（N1、N2、N3）的大部分指标差异并不显著,说明风箱果幼苗对土壤养分的变化并不敏感。     

Water use efficiency and carbon isotope composition of plants in a cold desert environment

Summary The effects of the availabilities of water and nitrogen on water use efficiency (WUE) of plants were investigated in a sagebrush steppe. The four species studied wereArtemisia tridentata (shrub),Ceratoides lanata (suffrutescent shrub),Elymus lanceolatus (rhizomatous grass), andElymus elymoides (tussock grass). Water and nitrogen levels were manipulated in a two-by-two factorial design resulting in four treatments: control (no additions), added water, added nitrogen, and added water and nitrogen. One instantaneous and two long-term indicators of WUE were used to testa priori predictions of the ranking of WUE among treatments. The short-term indicator was the instantaneous ratio of assimilation to transpiration (A/E). The long-term measures were 1) the slope of the relationship between conductance to water vapor and maximum assimilation and 2) the carbon isotope composition (¹³C) of plant material. Additional water decreased WUE, whereas additional nitrogen increased WUE. For both A/E and ¹³C, the mean for added nitrogen alone was significantly greater than the mean for added water alone, and means for the control and added water and nitrogen fell in between. This ranking of WUE supported the hypothesis that both water and nitrogen limit plant gas exchange in this semiarid environment. The short- and long-term indicators were in agreement, providing evidence in support of theoretical models concerning the water cost of carbon assimilation.     

水氮组合对冬小麦干物质及氮素积累和产量的影响

于2015—2017年小麦生长季在山东省泰安市农业科学研究院肥城试验基地进行田间试验,供试材料为‘泰山28',在150(A₁)、300(A₂)、450(A₃)、600 m³·hm^-2(A₄)4个灌水量和90(B₁)、135(B₂)、180(B₃)、225 kg·hm^-2(B₄)4个施氮水平下,研究水氮组合对小麦生长发育过程中干物质积累、氮素积累、水分消耗利用、光合特性、籽粒产量等的影响。结果表明: A₃B₃条件下各生育阶段的干物质积累量和氮素积累量,成熟期籽粒干物质和氮素积累量均为最大,花前花后营养器官生产储藏干物质及氮素向籽粒的运输量最高,且与其他水氮组合处理差异显著。各氮素处理下,60~200 cm土层土壤耗水量均为A₃>A₄>A₂>A₁;A₃B₃处理下的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率高于A₃B₄、A₄B₃和A₄B₄。A₃B₃处理显著提高了开花后7~28 d的旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,有利于小麦进行光合作用合成碳水化合物。水氮组合效应显著影响籽粒产量和产量构成,且A₃B₃处理下小麦产量最高,达到9400 kg·hm^-2。综上,450 m³·hm^-2和180 kg·hm^-2的水氮组合处理可以显著提高小麦干物质和氮素积累量,并促进干物质和氮素向籽粒运输,与高水肥处理相比,可以有效提高水分利用效率和氮素利用效率,有利于增强小麦旗叶的光合能力,产生更多的碳水化合物,增加籽粒产量。     

Effects of nitrogen fertilization in cotton crop on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) biology

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glove, is one of the pests of cotton crop and its relation with the host seem to depend on the amount of nitrogen available to the plant. The biology of A. gossypii using different cotton nitrogen fertility regimes was studied under greenhouse conditions, in Dourados, MS. A completely randomized design with nine replications in a factorial scheme (2x4x2)+1 was used. Two nitrogen sources (sulphate of ammonium and urea), four doses of nitrogen (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1), two different times of nitrogen application and one additional treatment without nitrogen were taken as factors. The nymphal phases, the pre-reproductive, reproductive and pos-reproductive periods, longevity, the life cycle and fecundity of the cotton aphid were evaluated. The doses of nitrogen influenced the cotton aphid biology in both sources and times of application, favoring its development and fecundity.     

氮限制对普通小球藻积累油脂过程中生化组成与光合生理的影响

以产油普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris Beijierineck)为材料,通过设置不同的初始硝酸钠浓度,研究不同程度的氮素限制对普通小球藻生长、生化组成及光合生理的影响。结果显示,在实验设置的4个氮素浓度下(18.0、9.0、4.5、3.6 mmol/L),普通小球藻生物量无显著差异,但较低的初始氮浓度明显促进了其油脂积累,其中4.5 mmol/L组藻细胞的总脂含量和总脂产率最高,分别达到干重的48.32%及0.0931 g·L-1·d-1,显著高于18.0 mmol/L的正常氮组(P0.05)。4个氮浓度组藻细胞内碳水化合物及可溶性蛋白的含量均有下降,油脂积累量逐渐升高,2个低氮组(4.5 mmol/L和3.6 mmol/L)在培养初期藻细胞内可溶性蛋白大量降解,油脂及碳水化合物有所积累,但碳水化合物随后逐渐转化为油脂。PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光能转化效率(Yield)以及相对电子传递效率(ETR)在培养过程中均呈下降趋势,77 K低温荧光结果显示,培养初期,2个光系统之间存在光能调配和状态转化。代表固碳能力的Rubisco活性表现为在较高氮浓度组先上升后下降,而在2个低氮组呈下降趋势;4个氮浓度组Rubisco的活化程度均呈先下降后上升的趋势。该研究表明适宜氮素限制促进普通小球藻油脂积累的过程中碳素分配和光合生理存在协同调控。     

若尔盖不同地下水位泥炭湿地土壤有机碳和全氮分布规律

以若尔盖典型泥炭湿地为研究对象,选择不同地下水位的样地,对各样地不同土壤剖面的土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量的分布规律及土壤容重、pH等影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:0 ～ 50 cm土层范围内,土壤有机碳含量和全氮含量与地下水位呈指数相关,随着水位的降低,土壤有机碳含量和全氮含量减少,且变异系数呈显著增加趋势,表明泥炭地排水、降低地下水位是泥炭地土壤有机碳和全氮丧失的重要原因.土壤有机碳和全氮含量间存在显著正相关,但与土壤pH和容重均呈极显著负相关.4个水位梯度下的土壤碳氮比的变动幅度在15.76 ～18.16,相对较低,表明在若尔盖气候条件下有机碳的分解速度较慢,而土壤碳氮比并没有受到地下水位和pH值的显著影响.     

模拟人工湿地中植物多样性对铵态氮去除的影响

为了研究植物多样性对人工湿地生态系统的氮去除功能和硝化作用的影响,在模拟人工湿地中配置了单种和4种植物混种2个处理,并以铵态氮为唯一入水氮源负荷。结果表明:混种系统出水中的无机氮浓度显著低于单种系统(分别为3.41和7.20mg·L-1,P<0.05),铵态氮浓度也显著低于单种系统(分别为1.35和4.11mg·L-1,P<0.05);而出水硝铵浓度比(NO3-∶NH4+=1.55)则高于(P<0.05)单种系统(0.80),说明多样性增强了系统的硝化作用;混种系统基质的无机氮存留量(1455mg·m-2)低于(P<0.05)单种(2235mg·m-2),说明混种系统中可能存在资源的互补利用;根据物质平衡法推算出混种系统中植物总的氮吸收量对无机氮去除的贡献率(48%)大于(P<0.05)单种(31%),植物的可移除部分(地上)对无机氮移除的贡献率也呈现此规律(混种和单种分别为33%和20%,P<0.05);基质氮存留在2种系统中的贡献率则与植物吸收规律相反(混种和单种分别为5%和9%,P<0.05);混种系统中的反硝化作用、氨挥发和微生物的氮固持等对氮去除的贡献率低于单种系统。     

Changes in secondary metabolite and biologically active compounds of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) upon organic and conventional production systems

Ajowan is one of the most important medicinal species of the family Apiaceae, which has pharmacological properties for future research in drug development. The essential oil composition of this species in response to different sources of nitrogen and organic fertilizers has not been investigated yet, though the issue is of interest. The factorial combination of four nitrogen sources levels including control (no nitrogen source), urea (U), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), half of the sulfur-coated urea (1/2 SCU) + Alkazot Plus biological fertilizer) and organic fertilizers at four levels such as control (no organic sources), humic acid, vermicompost, half of vermicompost + humic acid) were laid out in a randomized completed block design (RCBD) in a field experiment. Results showed that the interaction between different sources of nitrogen and organic fertilizers on Ajowan essential oil percent and yield were significant (P < 0.01). The highest essential oil percent (5.5%) and essential oil yield (85.4 kg/ha) were obtained at control and Urea + vermicompost treatments. The results of essential oil analysis showed that seven compounds were identified in the ajowan oil, which are based on the highest amount included: Thymol, Gamma-terpinen, O-cymene, Alpha-terpineol propionat, Beta- pinene, Para-cymene, and Alpha pinene.     

矮壮素配合氮肥全基施对华北夏玉米氮素利用的调控效应

为了解矮壮素(CCC)配合氮肥基施对夏玉米氮代谢及氮素利用率的调控效应,本研究以‘京农科728’(简称JNK728)和‘中单909’(简称ZD909)为材料,于2018和2019年在中国农业科学院新乡试验基地开展大田试验。试验设置常规氮肥处理(CN)和常规氮肥配合CCC处理(CN-CCC),包含0、62.5、125、187.0 kg·hm^-2 4个施氮水平。结果表明: 与常规氮肥处理相比,矮壮素配合氮肥全基施处理在施氮量为62.5和125 kg·hm^-2时,JNK728和ZD909产量在2018和2019年试验中平均分别增加了7.7%和5.0%。CCC处理提高了玉米生育期内功能叶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶和可溶性蛋白含量,促进了玉米氮素代谢。CCC配合低中施氮量(62.5和125 kg·hm^-2)条件下,JNK728和ZD909植株的含氮量平均分别增加17.6%和30.3%,籽粒含氮量分别增加10.3%和17.4%,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥利用率分别较常规氮肥处理平均提高10.0%、15.7%、23.3%、24.8%和5.7%、15.0%、49.9%、71.7%。CCC配合适量氮肥全基施可以增强玉米氮素代谢,提高玉米氮素利用率和产量。在本研究中,CCC配合125 kg·hm^-2施氮量处理的夏玉米增产效果最佳。     

限水减氮对关中平原冬小麦氮素利用和氮素表观平衡的影响

研究限水减氮对冬小麦产量、氮素利用率和氮素表观平衡的影响,探讨限水减氮管理模式在关中平原冬小麦生产中的可行性,可为实现关中平原灌区冬小麦生产的稳产高效和环境友好发展提供科学依据。本研究于2017—2018和2018—2019年连续2年在陕西杨凌地区进行小麦田间裂区试验,灌水量为主处理,设置两个灌溉水平,1200 m³·hm^-2(常规灌溉,在越冬期和拔节期灌溉, W₂)和600 m³·hm^-2(限水灌溉,仅在越冬期灌溉, W₁);施氮量为副处理,设置4个施氮水平,300 kg·hm^-2(关中地区常规施氮量,N₃₀₀)、225 kg·hm^-2(减量施氮25%,N₂₂₅)、150 kg·hm^-2(减量施氮50%,N₁₅₀)和0 kg·hm^-2(不施氮,N₀),分析冬小麦产量、氮素利用效率、收获后土壤硝态氮积累量和氮素表观平衡。结果表明: 限水减氮能显著增加冬小麦植株和籽粒氮素含量,提升产量和氮素携出量,提高氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学效率,减少硝态氮的淋失,降低氮素盈余量,维持氮素平衡。2017—2019年在W₁N₁₅₀处理基础上增加了灌溉量和施氮量,冬小麦产量和氮素携出量不会显著增加。2017—2018年和2018—2019年,与W₂N₃₀₀相比,W₁N₁₅₀同时期植株氮素含量分别提高0.1%～25.5%和14.0%～31.6%,籽粒氮素含量分别提高0.1%和4.6%。氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学效率平均提高95.3%、4.2%、81.7%和33.0%,氮素盈余量分别减少97.2%和95.1%,有效减少了土壤硝态氮的淋失。综合各项指标,越冬期灌溉600 m³·hm^-2配合施氮量150 kg·hm^-2的限水减氮组合能够保证关中平原冬小麦高产、高效和环境友好发展。     

Modeling of nitrogen dynamics in an Austrian alpine forest ecosystem on calcareous soils: a scenario-based risk assessment under changing environmental conditions

We modeled the behavior of an Austrian alpine forest ecosystem on calcareous soils under changing climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition scenarios. The change of nitrate leaching, emission rates of nitrogen compounds, and forest productivity were calculated using four process-oriented models for the periods 1998-2002 and 2048-2052. Each model reflects with high detail a segment of the ecosystem: PnET-N-DNDC (photosynthesis-evapotranspiration-nitrification-denitrification-decomposition; short-term nitrogen cycling), BROOK90 (water balance for small and homogenous forest watersheds), HYDRUS (water flux in complex and heterogenous soils), and PICUS v1.3 (forest productivity). The nitrogen balance model (NBM) combines the individual results into a comprehensive picture and extends the specific values beyond the limits of the individual models. The evaluation of the findings was outlined with TRACE, a model enabling a long-term prognosis of nitrogen cycling in annual time steps. Temperature increase and nitrogen input are influenced by various components and processes of the forest ecosystem. An increase of the temperature of 2.5 degrees C led to an enhancement of the N2O emission rates and affected the mineralization and the nitrification rates with the consequence of increased nitrate leaching into the subsoil. Enhanced nitrogen input also showed notable effects on nitrate leaching.     

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization to Short-Rotation Willow Coppice Plantations Grown in Sweden on Yield and Economy

A fertilization trial was carried out in established short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) plantations of two bred varieties of willow (Salix spp.; "Tora" and "Jorr") at five sites in central Sweden between 2008 and 2010. Mineral nitrogen was applied at four different rates: No fertilization (Control), 160 kg nitrogen ha^?1 as a single dose after harvest (Economy), 60–100–60 kg nitrogen ha^?1 in year 1–2–3 (Normal), and 160 kg nitrogen ha^?1 year^?1 in years 1–3 (Intensive), using a randomized block design with four replicates. The yield response (biomass increase per kg fertilizer nitrogen) was 65, 67 and 46 kg kg^?1 in the Economy, Normal and Intensive treatments, respectively. The results from the fertilization trial were used for economic calculations of different fertilization strategies given varying costs for fertilization and marginal value of the increased yield (price received for wood chips minus the costs for harvest and transportation of wood chips to a district heating plant). Comparative calculations were made based on data from a previous fertilization trial during the first cutting cycle of old, non-bred varieties. The calculations showed positive net present values of fertilizing bred willow varieties given a realistic fertilization response and a price for wood chips close to the market price for forestry-based wood chips in Sweden.     

保氮剂对水葫芦堆肥进程及氮素损失的影响

为研究保氮剂对水葫芦堆肥进程及氮素损失的影响,以切碎的水葫芦为原料,以硫酸亚铁、腐植酸钠、过磷酸钙按75∶20∶5质量比配制成保氮剂,进行35 d的好氧堆肥试验.试验设置占堆体总质量0%(对照,CK)、1%(PN1)、2%(PN2)、3%(PN3)的保氮剂4个处理,对堆肥过程中堆体理化性质、氮组分含量、氨挥发及氮素损失率进行监测.结果表明: 堆肥高温期,保氮剂处理的堆温明显高于CK,堆体含水量则在降温期显著低于CK(P<0.05).堆肥完成后,保氮剂处理的全氮、有机氮含量均显著增加,以PN3处理最高,其全氮、有机氮含量分别比CK高16.3%和13.2%;同时,PN1、PN2、PN3处理的氨挥发总量分别比CK低25.9%、31.5%、42.4%,氮素固定率则分别达31.3%、40.7%、72.2%.表明水葫芦堆肥过程中添加保氮剂可加快启动速度、缩短堆肥时间,并能减少氨挥发、氮素损失.总体上,以PN3处理效果最佳.     

杜鹃根际土壤肥力与菌根真菌侵染关系

以2年生杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)苗为试材,设置杜鹃花类菌根真菌混合接菌(J1)、杜鹃花类菌根真菌和马尾松外生菌混合接菌(J2)、不接菌(J3)等3种接菌组合以及不同氮磷钾施肥组合试验,结合Pearson相关性分析与逐步回归分析统计方法,分析杜鹃苗根际菌根真菌侵染与土壤肥力指标的相关性。结果表明,接菌处理土壤侵染率和养分含量显著高于不接菌处理,各接菌处理下,施用N、P、K养分为1水平(即尿素2.2 g·株^-1、钙镁磷1.9 g·株^-1、氯化钾1.4 g·株^-1)可以促进土壤养分含量的积累,J2处理下施P、K为1/4水平及N、P、K均为1/2水平也能促进土壤中全氮、有效氮、全钾的积累。相关性分析发现,J1处理侵染率与全氮含量显著正相关,J2处理侵染率与有效钾含量极显著正相关,J3处理与有机质和有效氮含量显著正相关。逐步回归分析表明,影响杜鹃苗菌根真菌侵染率的主要肥力因子是全氮、有效氮和有效钾。     

Organic nitrogen use by salal ericoid mycorrhizal fungi from northern Vancouver Island and impacts on growth in vitro of Gaultheria shallon

 Salal (Gaultheria shallon) recovers quickly from rhizomes after clear-cut timber harvesting and dominates clearcuts of Tsuga heterophylla and Thuja plicata forests. Thus it contributes to considerable problems in regeneration of these sites in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Based on what is known about other ericaceous plants, we speculated that mycorrhizal fungi of salal play a vital role in the growth and dominance of salal by providing access to organic nitrogen. In this study, the ability of four species of fungi isolated from salal to use different forms of organic nitrogen was tested in pure culture and in association with salal. The organic forms of nitrogen applied were glutamine (an amino acid), glutathione (a peptide), and bovine serum albumin (BSA, a protein). The fungi tested were Oidiodendron maius, Acremonium strictum, and two nonsporulating fungi. Inoculated plants always grew better than noninoculated plants regardless of nitrogen source. Glutamine was used as readily as ammonium nitrogen by all four fungi and the mycorrhizal plants of salal colonized by those fungi. There was considerable variation between fungus species or the plants inoculated with those fungi in using glutathione and BSA. Salal inoculated with O. maius grew better on glutathione than BSA, while A. strictum and unknown 1 produced significantly greater yields of salal on BSA. Colonization rates of salal by all four fungi was higher on glutathione or BSA than on ammonium or glutamine. Accepted: 19 June 1999