短裙竹荪多糖Dd—S3P的分离纯化及其性质研究

短裙竹荪子实体经２％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液提取,用蛋白酶法和Ｓｅｖａｇ法相结合除去蛋白,乙醇分级沉淀,级分３经ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－２５柱层析纯化得到的短裙竹荪多糖Ｄｄ－Ｓ３Ｐ。经测定该多糖为均一组分,分子量约为３．８×１０＾５,红外光谱呈现出典型的多糖吸收峰,含有α－型糖苷连接键,紫外扫描无核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰。     

短裙竹荪多糖Dd-S3P的分离纯化及其性质研究

短裙竹荪子实体经2％Na2CO3溶液提取,用蛋白酶法和Sevag法相结合除去蛋白,乙醇分级沉淀,级分3经DEAE－SephadexA－25柱层析纯化得到短裙竹蒸蒸荪多糖DdS3P．经测定该多糖为均一组分,分子量约为3．8×105,红外光谱呈现出典型的多糖吸收峰,含有α-型糖苷连接键,紫外扫描无核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰．纸层析和气相层析分析得知Dd－S3P含有D-葡萄糖（D－Glc）、D-甘露糖（D－Man）和D-木糖（D－Xyl）,其摩尔比为1．83：1．00：1．21．经动物试验表明此多糖对小鼠S-180有一定的抑制作用,抑瘤率约31．3％．     

红托竹荪多糖抗氧化活性的研究

本文采用DPPH自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子自由基体系对红托竹荪多糖的抗氧化活性进行了研究,并同Vc和BHT进行了比较.结果表明,在0.2～1.2 mg/mL质量浓度范围内,红托竹荪多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的半数清除率(EC50)值分别为1.468、2.580和2.330,抗氧化活性稍强于BHT,但弱于VC.     

红托竹荪多糖对砷中毒大鼠肺损伤的影响

探讨红托竹荪多糖(Dictyophora rubrovalvata polysaccharide, DRP)对砷中毒大鼠肺组织损伤的影响。将SD大鼠(sprague dawley, SD)分为对照组(喂饲普通饲料)、砷染毒组(喂饲50 mg/kg染砷饲料)和红托竹荪多糖组(喂饲50mg/kg染砷饲料,在第4个月同时给与10mg/mL红托竹荪多糖溶液灌胃),每组10只,雌雄各半。4个月后,检测大鼠肺组织砷和血砷含量,对肺组织进行病理学观察,并测定大鼠肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的活性和含量。砷染毒组的肺组织砷和血砷含量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);红托竹荪多糖组的肺组织砷和血砷含量低于砷染毒组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理学观察发现,砷染毒组大鼠肺组织肺泡间隔明显增宽,局部肺泡融合,大量炎性细胞浸润;红托竹荪多糖组大鼠肺组织肺泡壁厚度变薄,肺组织中浸润的炎症细胞减少。砷染毒组与对照组相比,肺组织中的SOD、GSH...     

红托竹荪多糖对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

研究红托竹荪多糖(Dictyophora rubrovalvata polysaccharide,DRP)对酒精所致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。采用苯酚-硫酸法测得DRP的含量为74.68%±1.32%,利用傅里叶红外光谱初步分析表明DRP是含有α-糖苷键和β-糖苷键的吡喃环多糖。当DRP浓度达到3.0 mg/m L时,DPPH自由基的清除率达到80.12%,其还原力为0.31,对羟基自由基的清除率达到88.07%。雄性SD大鼠被随机分为6组：空白对照组(NC)、模型对照组(MC)、阳性对照组(PC)、红托竹荪多糖低(LDRP)、中(MDRP)、高(HDRP)剂量干预组,连续灌胃28 d后将其安乐死,测定血清中AST、ALT、TG水平以及肝脏SOD、GSH、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6水平,并根据病理切片分析红托竹荪多糖对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护程度。与MC组相比,DRP各剂量组血清AST、ALT、TG水平显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏SOD和GSH水平显著上升(P<0.05),MDA、TNF-α、IL-6含量显著下降(P<0.05),肝脏细胞变性和坏死等病理现象明显改善。D...     

竹荪栽培

本刊自本期起开辟“生物资源开发利用”栏,旨在为广大读者提供信息,帮助科技人员推广有关科研成果,为中小学、广大农村、企事业单位和家庭提供快速致富新途径,为供需双方架设沟通的桥梁。欢迎广大作者读者来稿来函,提供资料、信息及进行咨询。本栏所登稿件带有广告性质,实行有偿服务,收取适量的版面费(可开发票)。凡按规定交纳版面费者,文章均署上作者姓名和单位;不交纳版面费者,文章只暑作者姓名,不署单位。本刊有权对文章进行修改。作者来稿时,请同时说明是否交纳版面费。欢迎来稿,具体事项可与表刊编辑部联系。(本刊)     

银耳子实体多糖的分离、分析及生物活性

银耳(Tremella fuciformis Berk.)子实体经热水提取、去蛋白、柱层析分离纯化得银耳子实体多糖(简称TF)精品。TF总糖含量75.7%,其中含葡萄糖醛酸14.7%。TF由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,摩尔比为0:92:0.49:0.1 8:1.00:1.15:0.57,分子量115000。急性和亚急性毒性试验表明TF的毒性很小,小鼠腹腔注射,LD_(so)为96700±143.1 5mg/kg,狗静脉注射前后,血象、肝肾功能及组织切片均无病理性变化和损伤。TF有多种生物活性;可增加脾指数、半数溶血值和E玫瑰花结形成率,促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞转化和血清蛋白质的生物合成,并有明显抗放射、升高白血球、抗炎和红细胞凝集作用等。     

红托竹荪的栽培

红托竹荪（ＤｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｏｒａｒｕｂｒｏｖａｌｖａｔａＭ．Ｚａｎｇ,ＪｉｅｔＬｉｏｕ）为发现于云南,由臧穆等３人联合命名并于１９７６年发表的新种,是中国特产的竹荪种类,主要分布于云南、贵州等高山地区的慈竹、刚竹及金竹等林下。１９９２年笔者于江西临川...     

褐藻多糖的分离提取及生理活性研究进展

褐藻多糖是海藻胶、褐藻糖胶和褐藻淀粉的统称,主要存在于褐藻中。褐藻糖胶作为其主要的生理活性物质,主要由L-岩藻糖和硫酸酯基组成,具有抗氧化、抗凝血、防癌抗肿瘤、抗病毒和消炎等活性。综述了褐藻多糖的提取分离方法和褐藻糖胶的生理活性研究进展,以期为褐藻多糖的应用提供参考。     

A polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata inhibits the immunosuppressive function of cancer‐associated fibroblasts

Reversing the function of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we isolated a novel polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata (ZSP4) and examined its effects on the function of prostate CAFs. The supernatant of prostate CAFs can stimulate the proliferation of immune cells and inhibit the growth of CD4+/CD8+ T cells. However, after ZSP4 stimulation, the functions of prostate CAFs were inhibited. The mechanism experiment shows that ZSP4 can stimulate prostate CAFs by down‐regulating the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. Polysaccharides extracted from Dictyophora indusiata stimulate the proliferation of immune cells and reverse the immune‐suppressive functions of prostate CAFs, shedding new light on the development of novel anticancer strategies. The endocrine therapy used to treat prostate cancer aims to eliminate androgenic activity from prostatic tissue; these therapies are painful and of poor therapeutic effect. In this study, we found that polysaccharides extracted from Dictyophora indusiata may affect the micro‐environment of tumours and inhibit the growth of the tumours. Our results suggest that polysaccharides may modulate negative immune regulation and enhance antitumour immunity, which is important for clinical therapy.     

红托竹荪菌托多糖提取工艺及抗氧化降血糖活性

为利用红托竹荪菌托,采用酶解法提取菌托多糖,优化多糖提取工艺,并测定多糖分子量、单糖组成、抗氧化及降血糖活性。结果表明,最佳酶解法提取工艺为纤维素酶2.5%、果胶酶0.4%、木瓜蛋白酶1.5%,50 ℃酶解1 h,料液比1:60、提取温度80 ℃、时间3 h,该条件下多糖提取率达15.37%,比热水浸提法提高39.60%。酶解法多糖分子量为3 344 Da (Mn)、522 208 Da (Mw)、2 929 Da (Mp),主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖和岩藻糖等组成,葡萄糖占最高,达48.82%。菌托多糖为2.0 mg/mL时,DPPH·清除率为93.83%,Fe³⁺还原能力为0.140 7,α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率为54.62%、α-淀粉酶活性抑制率为56.45%,与热水浸提法相比差异极显著或显著。酶解法提取红托竹荪菌托多糖,提取率较高,具有较高的抗氧化、降血糖活性,具有推广应用价值。     

芦荟多糖及其分离分析

介绍了芦荟多糖的提取方法及分析方法 ,包括芦荟多糖的纯度鉴定 ,分子量测定以及组成分析和功能团的鉴定     

两种方法提取香菇多糖的比较研究

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖。热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243%;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771%。微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

桦褐孔菌子实体多糖提取研究

目的:为了获得桦褐孔菌多糖最大量的多糖收率,研究了影响多糖提取的最佳条件.方法:对影响桦褐孔菌胞内水溶性多糖提取效果的6个因素进行了单一因素影响实验,并对多糖提取影响因子的3个因素进行正交试验,对多糖提取工艺参数进行了优化.结果:正交试验确定桦褐孔菌子实体多糖的最佳提取条件是:料水比为1∶40,温度80℃,提取1.5h,多糖收率达2.53％.结论:确立了桦褐孔菌子实体多糖提取工艺,建立了一套简便、高效的桦褐孔菌胞内多糖的提取方法.     

Spore dispersal of Dictyophora fungi (Phallaceae) by flies

The composition and food habits of insects visiting fungi of two Dictyophora species, D. indusiata(Vent. & Pers.) and D. duplicata Fisch, were examined in Furano, northern Japan, and in Kyoto, central Japan. As well as field work being carried out, the quantity and the viability of spores in the recta of drosophilid and muscid flies were examined in vitro. Although the composition of insects varied locally and temporally, most of the insects were observed to feed on gleba, which contains spores. Among the insect assemblies, a few insects were specialized for mycophagy but most were secondarily or not at all mycophagous. Although Dictyophora-feeders rarely attached the spores on their body surfaces, they contained a quantity of spores in their gut, which was estimated to be about 35 000–240 000 for drosophilids and about 1.7 million for muscids. Those spores showed high germination rates, which were not significantly different from the intact spores. Thus, spores of Dictyophora are dispersed as excrement through the gut of Dictyophora-feeding insects but not as adherers on the insect body.     

毛竹林下的竹荪栽培

一、引言我国竹林资源丰富,居世界前列。但经营管理普遍粗放,经济效益不高,不少地区只顾砍竹、挖笋,甚至乱砍滥挖,使竹林日趋衰败,产量不断下降。为了改变这一局面,途径