大孔吸附树脂对金银花叶茎藤总黄酮的吸附性能

从金银花叶茎藤中提取总黄酮并用D-101大孔吸附树脂进行纯化,研究了D-101大孔吸附树脂对总黄酮的吸附及解吸附特性。结果表明,D-101树脂对金银花叶茎藤总黄酮分离纯化的最佳工艺参数为:上样液黄酮浓度0.538 mg/mL,静置吸附时间80 min,料液比1∶5(g∶mL),pH 2,流速为2 mL/min,以60 mL 75%的乙醇溶液洗脱,黄酮解吸率为94.5%,纯化后黄酮纯度为84.5%,是粗提液黄酮含量(16.8%)的5倍。金银花叶茎藤总黄酮在D-101树脂上的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。吸附热力学参数表明吸附过程为自发、放热过程,吸附动力学可用Pseudo-second-order模型较好地拟合,30℃时其表观吸附速率常数为1.034×10-2g/mg.min。     

大孔吸附树脂分离富集苜蓿皂甙的研究

本项工作以对苜蓿皂甙的吸附量和解吸率为指标筛选大孔吸附树脂。研究结果表明,X-5吸附树脂具有较好的吸附性能和解吸效果。研究应用正交试验方法进一步对大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苜蓿皂甙的工艺条件进行试验分析,确定苜蓿皂甙分离富集的最佳操作条件为:上样浓度8mg/mL,色谱柱的径高比1∶7,药材-树脂比例1∶3;吸附完全后,先以水洗脱,除去杂质,再以50%乙醇洗脱,可以得到纯度较好的苜蓿皂甙。     

苦瓜提取物的抑菌活性研究

本文研究了苦瓜(MC)不同活性成分的抑菌活性.结果表明:苦瓜提取物对细菌的抑菌作用明显,但对霉菌、酵母菌的抑制效果不明显.苦瓜粗皂甙和苦瓜粗多糖的抑菌效果比纯品的好.苦瓜乙醇浸提物、苦瓜粗多糖、苦瓜多糖、苦瓜粗皂甙、苦瓜皂甙、苦瓜粗蛋白对藤黄八叠球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为50、100、5、100、2、20 mg/mL.苦瓜多糖、苦瓜皂甙和苦瓜蛋白是苦瓜抑菌活性功能成分.     

利用大孔吸附树脂提取蜀葵花色素的研究

研究利用大孔树脂吸附和分离蜀葵(Althaearosea(L．)Cavan)花红色素,比较了D-072、D-401、D-301-G、D-101、NKA-9、D-290、D-110七种树脂对该色素的静态吸附情况以及不同极性解吸剂对吸附色素的树脂洗脱的效果,从中选择出吸附和解吸效果最佳的树脂以及较适的解吸剂。结果表明：用D-401大孔吸附树脂作吸附剂,色素吸附率达91％;解吸剂用含0．1％HCl的60％酸化乙醇,色素可被充分洗脱下来,解吸效果较好;树脂通过回收再生后可重复利用。大孔吸附树脂法精制蜀葵花色素工艺相对简单,原料、试剂利用率较高。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化香叶木苷

比较了D-101、D-140、AB-8、XAB-8、D312、聚酰胺等6种吸附树脂对蓬子菜中活性成分香叶木苷diosmin的吸附和洗脱条件,在静态吸附研究的基础上,进行了动态实验,并且利用二次吸附对该成分进行了纯化。结果表明AB-8树脂对diosmin的吸附量大、吸附速度快、解吸容易、富集分离效果好。利用聚酰胺进行二次纯化,得到纯度95%以上的diosmin。     

大孔吸附树脂对家蝇抗菌肽的吸附与分离纯化

通过比较6种不同型号的大孔吸附树脂对家蝇蛋白的吸附解吸特性,发现D101大孔吸附树脂的性能优于其他5种,吸附流速、浓度影响大孔吸附树脂的动态吸附性能。D101大孔吸附树脂对未经诱导的家蝇蛋白的吸附量可达217．18mg／g（以干树脂总量为基准）,洗脱率为76．48％。吸附后的大孔吸附树脂用15％、35％、55％的乙醇溶液阶段洗脱,各洗脱组分的疏水性逐渐增大,蛋白质含量也明显增加。用E.coli、S．aureus和B．subtilis对各洗脱组分进行抑菌活性测定,抑菌活性随洗脱组分的疏水性增加而增大。测得55％乙醇洗脱组分的抑菌活性最大,其中对E.coli的抑菌圈直径达5．8mm。     

大孔树脂富集迷迭香酸的静态吸附和解析研究

考察了AB-8、D101、X-5、NKA-II 4种大孔吸附树脂对迷迭香叶中迷迭香酸的静态吸附和解析性能。以吸附量、吸附率、解吸量、解析率为指标,筛选出较好的AB-8树脂。通过静态吸附和解析实验,研究了吸附时间和温度对AB-8静态吸附过程的影响,同时研究了一定温度和解析液中乙醇浓度对迷迭香酸静态解析过程的影响,并且从热动力学角度研究分析其吸附过程。结果表明,准二级反应动态模型、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程适用于静态吸附过程,乙醇浓度是影响解析率的关键因素。     

酵母菌Y17吸附Cu2+的影响因素及吸附机理研究

以高效吸附Cu2 的酵母菌Y17为材料,对其吸附Cu2 过程中的主要影响因素,包括溶液Ph、Cu2 初始浓度、菌体添加量、吸附时间和温度以及吸附机理进行了探讨.结果表明,对吸附过程影响较大的因素依次为吸附液Ph值、Cu2 初始浓度、菌体添加量和吸附时间.正交试验得到最佳吸附条件为溶液Ph5.0,吸附时间40min,加菌量5.Og湿菌/L时,对初始浓度为8mmol/L的Cu2 达到最佳吸附率为82.7%.通过对Y17菌体不同处理及解吸实验,初步确定Y17吸附Cu2 的位点在细胞壁,细胞壁表面的-NH2,-COOH基团在其吸附过程中起着重要作用.     

川栀子中京尼平苷的提取吸附工艺研究

研究了川栀子中有效成分京尼平苷的吸附提取工艺。通过正交实验设计,综合考察了提取时间、提取溶媒和料液比(栀子质量(g)与溶剂体积(m L)之比)等因素的影响,优化得到京尼平苷的最佳提取工艺为:水提2次,料液比1∶6,提取时间为1 h。选用HP-20、HPD-100、HPD-450、D-101、D-101A五种不去同型号的大孔吸附树脂,测定其对京尼平苷吸附性能,最终选定HPD–100型号的大孔吸附树脂作为最佳吸附材料。     

鸡枞发酵菌粉中皂苷的大孔树脂分离纯化

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂纯化鸡枞皂苷的方法.方法:采用分光光度法测定鸡枞皂甙的含量,分别考察了树脂种类、样品液浓度、pH值、吸附流速、洗脱剂浓度对鸡枞皂甙分离纯化的影响.结果:HPD-450树脂最适合鸡枞皂苷的纯化.工艺条件为:洗脱剂乙醇的体积分数为40%,吸附流速为1～2mL/min,样品液浓度为2.5～4.0mg/mL,样品液pH值为5～7.采用HPD-450大孔吸附树脂对鸡枞皂甙进行纯化效果最优.结论:在上述条件下,大孔树脂可用于鸡枞皂甙的分离纯化.     

Saponins from the traditional medicinal plant Momordica charantia stimulate insulin secretion in vitro

The antidiabetic activity of Momordica charantia (L.), Cucurbitaceae, a widely-used treatment for diabetes in a number of traditional medicine systems, was investigated in vitro. Antidiabetic activity has been reported for certain saponins isolated from M. charantia. In this study insulin secretion was measured in MIN6 β-cells incubated with an ethanol extract, saponin-rich fraction, and five purified saponins and cucurbitane triterpenoids from M. charantia, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (1), momordicine I (2), momordicine II (3), 3-hydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al-7,23-di-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), and kuguaglycoside G (5). Treatments were compared to incubation with high glucose (27 mM) and the insulin secretagogue, glipizide (50 μM). At 125 μg/ml, an LC-ToF-MS characterized saponin-rich fraction stimulated insulin secretion significantly more than the DMSO vehicle, p=0.02. At concentrations 10 and 25 μg/ml, compounds 3 and 5 also significantly stimulated insulin secretion as compared to the vehicle, p≤0.007, and p=0.002, respectively. This is the first report of a saponin-rich fraction, and isolated compounds from M. charantia, stimulating insulin secretion in an in vitro, static incubation assay.     

苦瓜总皂甙对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用的研究

研究苦瓜总皂甙的抑菌作用及抑菌条件。以苦瓜正丁醇浸提物为原料,研究其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明,苦瓜总皂甙对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用明显,最低抑菌浓度为30 mg/mL;抑菌最适pH值范围5~8;苦瓜总皂甙的热稳定性好,在121℃处理10 min仍具有较好的抑菌活性。金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线表明,对数生长期的金黄色葡萄球菌对苦瓜总皂甙较敏感,而对接近稳定期的菌体抑制作用较弱。     

Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae)

? Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Momordica charantia L. to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure within and between M. charantia and its four related species (Cucurbita pepo L., Luffa cylindrical L., Lagenaria siceraria L., and Cucumis sativus L.). ? Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequence COntaining Repeats (FIASCO) method, 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in 36 individuals of M. charantia. Across all the M. charantia samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from three to eight. Seven primers successfully amplified in the four related species. ? Conclusions: These markers will be useful to study population ecology and population differentiation among M. charantia species and its related species.     

苦瓜的营养价值、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展

本文总结了半个多世纪来国内外学者对苦瓜的研究,为苦瓜进一步开发提供了借鉴。     

瓜实蝇不同寄主种群对4种杀虫剂的敏感性

为探索瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae不同寄主种群对杀虫剂的敏感性,本研究在室内通过药膜法测定了瓜实蝇节瓜、黄瓜、丝瓜和苦瓜种群4日龄成虫对4种杀虫剂的敏感性,随后将瓜实蝇不同寄主种群致死中浓度LC50进行比较,计算抗性倍数。结果表明,4个寄主种群对甲维盐的敏感性为节瓜 > 苦瓜 > 丝瓜 > 黄瓜,其中节瓜、苦瓜种群对甲维盐最敏感,其次是丝瓜、黄瓜,LC50值分别为0.250、0.391、0.809和1.035 mg/L。4个寄主种群对灭多威的敏感性表现为节瓜 > 黄瓜 > 苦瓜 > 丝瓜,LC50值分别为0.302、0.318、0.652和0.804 mg/L。对多杀菌素的敏感性大小依次为黄瓜、节瓜、丝瓜、苦瓜,LC50值分别为1.157、1.198、1.232和2.029 mg/L。对啶虫脒的敏感性为苦瓜 > 节瓜 > 黄瓜 > 丝瓜,LC50值分别为17.946、20.166、20.190和21.986 mg/L,其中对甲维盐的敏感性差异幅度最大,为4.140倍,其次是灭多威,为2.654倍,对啶虫脒的敏感性差异幅度最小,为1.225倍。表明寄主植物可引起瓜实蝇对杀虫剂的敏感性变化。     

Plant extracts as an alternative to control Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

We evaluated the effects of crude extracts from the plantain Plantago lanceolata and the bitter gourd Momordica charantia on the oviposition preference and development of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet under laboratory and/or greenhouse conditions. The ovicidal effects of these extracts were also studied in a greenhouse. Plantago lanceolata and M. charantia extracts also underwent fractionation directed by oviposition tests with the coffee leaf miner. The extracts of both plants reduced L. coffeella oviposition and egg hatching, apparently as a result of action of plant metabolites on the embryo. Adults originating from eggs treated with the extracts exhibited similar survival rates, but a higher female/male ratio. Fecundity was reduced for females obtained from eggs treated with the M. charantia extract. Partial chemical analysis indicated that both extracts produced polar fractions that reduced the oviposition of L. coffeella on coffee leaves under laboratory conditions. The extracts of P. lanceolata and M. charantia have potential for use in the development of new products to control the coffee leaf miner.     

苦瓜和瓜蒌体内皮质醇含量的测定

利用灵敏度高,专一性强的放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）测定了苦瓜和瓜萎不同器官中皮质醇的含量。结果表明：苦瓜和瓜萎各器官均含有皮质醇,且含量在５０～４５０ｎｇ／ｇ．ＦＷ;顶芽中含量最高,其次是花器官;苦瓜和瓜篓雌花皮质醇含量明显高于雄花,且雌花在授粉后当天含量最高,说明皮质醇可能在植物的生长发育过程中起某种作用。     

Role and differential expression of calpastatin mRNA and protein in cultured cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxic stress

This study investigated the beneficial effects and mechanism of action of the juice of Momordica charantia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetes mellitus was associated with significant (p < 0.01) time course reductions in body weight, plasma insulin and the number of insulin positive cells per islet and significant (p < 0.01) time course elevation in blood glucose and osmolarity and systolic blood pressure compared to age-matched healthy controls. Oral intake of M. charantia juice by STZ-induced diabetic rats partially reversed all the diabetes-induced effects measured. Daily oral administration of M. charantia juice to STZ-induced diabetic rates significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the Na+- and K+-dependent absorptions of glucose by the brush border membrane vesicles of the jejunum compared to the responses obtained in STZ-induced diabetic rat. Either insulin (100 MM) or the fruit juice lyophilised extract (5 microg x ml(-1)) can stimulate 14C-D-glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. These effects were completely blocked by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. High concentrations (10-200 microg x ml(-1)) of M. charantia juice extract inhibited 14C-D-glucose uptake in L6 myotubes compared to the control response. The effect of M. charantia treatment was also investigated on myelinated fibre abnormalities in the tibial nerve of STZ-induced diabetic and control rats. The results show that diabetes was associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean cross-sectional myelinated nerve fibres, axonal area, myelin area and maximal fibre area compared to end controls. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with M. charantia juice normalised the structural abnormalities of peripheral nerves. The results indicate that M. charantia can exert marked beneficial effects in diabetic rats, and moreover, it can regulate glucose uptake into jejunum membrane brush border vesicles and stimulate glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells similar to the response obtained with insulin.     

Cucurbitane glucosides from Momordica charantia leaves as oviposition deterrents to the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii

The American serpentine leaf mining fly, Liriomyza trifolii, whose larva feeds on more than 120 plant species is well characterized by its high degree of polyphagy. Observations on the oviposition behavior by L. trifolii demonstrated that among cucurbitaceous plants, Momordica charantia is rarely attacked by L. trifolii. The methanol extract of M. charantia leaves strongly deterred the females from ovipositing on kidney bean leaves treated at a concentration of 1 g leaf equivalent extract/ml. Analysis of the polar fraction of the methanol extract of M. charantia leaves resulted in the isolation of a novel cucurbitane glucoside, 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3,23-dihydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al, named momordicine IV, along with another known compound, momordicine II. Momordicine II and IV deterred oviposition by L. trifolii significantly when bioassays were carried out on kidney bean leaves treated at 75.6 and 20.3 microg/cm2 leaf surface, respectively. There was no synergistic effect on oviposition deterrent when the two compounds were combined in their natural abundance.     

Cucurbitane triterpenoid oviposition deterrent from Momordica charantia to the leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii

Females of Liriomyza trifolii, a polyphagous leafminer, are often deterred from ovipositing on Momordica charantia leaves. The methanol extract of M. charantia leaves showed strong oviposition deterrent activity against L. trifolii females on the host plant leaf when it was dipped in the methanol extract at a concentration of 1 g of fresh leaf equivalent/ml. Bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract of the leaves of M. charantia led to the isolation of a new cucurbitane triterpenoid, 7,23-dihydroxy-3-O-malonylcucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al, along with another known compound, momordicine I. Both 7,23-dihydroxy-3-O-malonylcucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al and momordicine I respectively had significant ovipositing deterrent effect towards the adult females of L. trifolii on host plant leaves treated at concentrations of 3.25 and 33.60 microg/cm2.