大鼠延髓内脏带IFN-γ分布免疫组织化学法研究

The distribution of Interferon-γ-immunoreactive(IFN-γ-IR)in neurons and fibers in the medullary visceral zone(MVZ)of the rat were studied by using the streptavidin-perosidase(SP) immunohistochemical method.The results show that IFN-γ-IR positive neurons and fibers were densely distributed in the rat MVZ.Some INF-γ-IR positive neurons and fibers were densely stained,and some were sparsely stained.Some were large,and some small.Morphological variation also existed among them.IFN-γ-IR positive neurons and fibers mainly occurred in the ambiguous nucleus(nA),ventrolateral reticular nucleus(nVL).dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve(dmnX),nucleus tractus solitarus(NTS) and intermediate(IRT) parts.IFN-γ-IR positive fibers could be divided into 3 kinds:net shaped.thin-long and dot fibers.     

IFN-γ在沙眼衣原体感染的细胞培养中的影响

为了探讨IFN-γ在沙眼衣原体（chlamydia trachomatis,ct)感染细胞培养中的影响,本实验采用不同浓度γ-干扰素作用于ct感染的HeLa细胞,用透射电镜观察HeLa细胞内原体（elementary bodies,EBs)和网状体（reticulate bodies,RBs)。同时用反相高效液相色谱法（reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定细胞内色氨酸的浓度。结果显示不同浓度γ-干扰素作用下细胞内ct的EBs和RBs形态及数量不同,中高浓度的IFN-γ作用下胞内EBs和RBs明显减少或轻度减少,et生长受到抑制,细胞内色氨酸含量与γ-干扰素量呈负相关,说明IFN-γ通过诱导产生2,3-吲哚-双加氧酶（indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)降解色氨酸而抑制ct生长,提示γ-干扰素是抑制细胞内感染ct生长的一个重要因素。     

鸡脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的克隆和测序分析

根据哺乳动物脂肪酸结合蛋白基因序列设计一对引物对鸡基因组进行PCR扩增,将163bp扩增片段进行克隆和测序,并与猪的脂肪酸结合蛋白（fatty acid binding protein,FABP）基因序列进行同源性比较。该基因因片段与猪的心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白（heart fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP）基因有68%的同源性,与猪的脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白（adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,A-FABP）基因有75%的同源性,演绎成氨基酸之后与猪的脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白相应的氨基酸有75%的同源性。Northern结果表明该基因只在脂肪组织中表达。     

国内cDNA文库及cDNA克隆的研究概况

本文就笔者所收集到的资料,对国内已报道的5个cDNA文库及9个cDNA克隆的建立进行简要概述,以期对国內cDNA文库及cDNA克隆的研究现状有个大致的了解。     

单克隆抗体γ3重链可变区cDNA的合成与克隆

用异硫氰酸胍法从分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,经oligo(dT)-纤维素柱亲和层析获得poly(A)~ RNA后,用恒定区5′端第122—125号氨基酸密码的互补序列3′A-T-A-G-G-T-G-A-C-C 5′做为引物,进行逆转录酶反应,合成双链cDNA,大小为300bp左右,与重链可变区基因的长度相符。用dC:dG接尾的方法,将ds-cDNA插入pUC19质粒,转化E.coli HB101。分离出重组体之后,经菌落原位杂交,酶切重组质粒DNA及Southern印迹,证明插入片段是重链可变区基因。     

中国鸭IFN—γ基因的克隆与表达

鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）感染鸭,是研究IFN－γ在机体自然感染过程中机体与病毒的相互作用和病毒的清除机制的良好动物模型。从PHA刺激后的鸭外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中提取RNA,通过RT－PCR获得鸭IFN－γ（DuIFN-γ）cDNA基因,构建DuIFN-γ真核表达质粒,转染COS－7细胞,经细胞病变效应（CPE）抑制分析和MTT法对重组DuIFN-γ滴度进行测定。实验表明,重组DuIFN-γ能够抑制VSV感染鸭胚成纤维细胞而产生的细胞病变效应。抗－DuIFN-γ抗体,能中和这种抗病毒活性。并且,GST－DuIFN-γ融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到表达和进一步纯化。     

仙居鸡抑制素α亚基成熟区的cDNA克隆及其在卵泡中表达的研究

根据发表的鸡抑制素α亚基序列设计引物,用RT－PCR技术从仙居鸡卵泡的颗粒细胞总RNA中扩增出了抑制素α亚基成熟区序列,并进行了克隆和测序,结果显示,仙居鸡成熟α亚基是由113个氨基酸(aa)残基组成的蛋白质,具有1个糖基化位点和7个半胱氨酸残基,与发表的鸡和哺乳类相应序列对比,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为98％和61．4％－68．7％,其预测氨基酸序列的同源性分别为97．3％和64．6％－69％,且所测鸡α亚基成熟区的糖基化位点及半胱氨酸殖基的数目和位置与发表的鸡和乳类相似,说明该亚基的序列及结构在不同物咱间具有高度保守性,提示其可能具重要的生理功能,鸡各级卵泡中α亚基mRNA表达丰度的定量分析显示,从SYF到F1中,随着卵泡的成熟α亚基的表达量降低,其在SYF和F6－8中表达量最高,在LWF中表达量很低,说明α亚基在卵泡的吸收,选择及优势化过程中起重要调节作用。     

Th1细胞因子(IFN-γ)在幽门螺杆菌致病中的作用

目的：评价Thl细胞因子IFN-γ在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染时对胃上皮细胞的作用。方法：胃上皮细胞经IFN-γ处理后,流式细胞术测定表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子的表达和Hp的黏附,ELISA法测定细胞因子对Hp致胃上皮细胞凋亡的影响。结果：IFN-γ可诱导胃上皮细胞表达MHCR类分子,进而增加Hp的黏附。IFN-γ本身即可诱导胃上皮细胞凋亡,并可促进Hp诱导的胃上皮凋亡。结论：Thl细胞因子IFN-γ参与并加剧了Hp感染所致的胃黏膜炎症。     

甘蔗ACC氧化酶全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

ACC氧化酶是高等植物乙烯生物合成途径中的限速酶。根据报道的植物ACC氧化酶基因序列设计特异引物,从甘蔗cDNA文库中克隆到一ACC氧化酶基因片段,命名为GZ-ACO,该基因长792bp,与甘蔗基因组文库中克隆的ACO基因片段仅18个碱基之差。根据该cDNA片段序列,设计两对末端扩增的特异引物,利用RACE-PCR技术,获得GZ-ACO片段的5′端和3′端序列。用VectorNTI7.0软件对三个序列进行拼接和分析,结果得到全长的甘蔗GZ-ACO氧化酶基因。GZ-ACOcDNA核苷酸序列长1307bp,具有一个972bp完整的读码框,启动子ATG位于126bp,终止子TAA位于1097bp,推导编码323个氨基酸。系统进化分析表明,GZ-ACO基因氨基酸序列与其它植物已报道的ACC氧化酶基因具有65%~86%的同源率,且与单子叶禾本科植物首先聚类,其次与单子叶芭蕉科、兰科植物聚类,最后与双子叶植物聚类,与植物形态的系统进化结果一致。该基因已在DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank基因数据库注册,注册号为AY521566。     

Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding for a human sperm antigen involved in fertilization

A cDNA encoding for a sperm antigen, designated NZ-2, was cloned and sequenced from human testis cDNA-λgt11 expression library by using antibodies to human sperm surface antigens belonging to 14–18 kD molecular regions. These sperm antigens are involved in binding to zona pellucida of the human oocyte. Computer generated translation analysis of 963-bp cDNA yielded an open reading frame (ORF) of 163 amino acids (aa) with first ATG, Met start codon at nucleotide (nt) 335 and the stop codon TAA at nt 824. The NZ-2 cDNA has 335-bp 5′ and 139-bp 3′ noncoding regions. The translated protein has a calculated molecular weight of ∼19 kD, and has two casein kinase II (CK-2) sites at aa 94–97 and 149–152, respectively. Extensive computer search in the GenBank, National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), and Swiss database indicates it to be a novel protein, having 99.5% nt sequence similarity, except for the first 40-bp, only with the human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing cloned human sperm DNA, at position 76935–76009. The in vitro translated product of T3 RNA polymerase by using NZ-2 cDNA digested with XhoI yielded a protein band of ∼20 kD, indicating it to be sense strand. The in vitro translated product of T7 RNA polymerase by using NZ-2 cDNA digested with NotI did not yield any protein band, indicating it to be antisense strand. The ∼20 kD protein was recognized specifically by the antisperm IgG, not by the control IgG in the Western blot procedure. Neither antisperm IgG nor control IgG recognized any protein band in the in vitro translation products of the antisense strand. The human genomic DNAs from three different cells/tissues namely, sperm, kidney, and testis when cut by HindIII, and then hybridized with the NZ-2 cDNA probe in the Southern blot procedure, showed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The recombinant human sperm NZ-2 antigen may find applications in the development of a contraceptive vaccine, and diagnosis and treatment of infertility in humans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:176–183, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding ascorbate peroxidase fromArabidopsis thaliana

A cDNA clone encoding ascorbate peroxidase (AP, EC 1.11.1.11) was isolated from a phage gt11 library of cDNA fromArabidopsis thaliana by immunoscreening with monoclonal antibodies against the enzyme, and then sequenced. The cDNA insert hybridized to a 1.1 kb poly(A)⁺ RNA from leaves ofA thaliana. Genomic hybridization suggests that the cDNA obtained here corresponds to a single-copy gene. The N-terminal amino acid sequence ofArabidopsis AP was determined by protein sequencing of the immunochemically purified enzyme, and proved to be homologous to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the chloroplastic AP of spinach. The predicted amino acid sequence of the mature AP ofA. thaliana, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, consists of 249 amino acid residues, which is 34% homologous with cytochromec peroxidase of yeast, but less homologous with other plant peroxidases. Amino acid residues at the active site of yeast cytochromec peroxidase are conserved in the amino acid sequence ofArabidopsis AP. The poly(dG-dT) sequence, which is a potential Z-DNA-forming sequence, was found in the 3 untranslated region of the cDNA.     

Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding the major albumin of Theobroma cacao

The major albumin, a polypeptide of 21 kilodaltons (kDa), from the seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), has been identified and partially purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. Some N-terminal sequence was obtained, permitting the construction of an oligonucleotide probe. This probe was used to isolate the corresponding copy DNA (cDNA) clone from a library made from poly(A)⁺ RNA from immature cocoa beans. The cDNA sequence has a single major open reading frame, that translates to give a 221-amino-acid polypeptide of M_r 24003. The existence of a precursor to the 21-kDa polypeptide of this size was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from total poly(A)⁺ RNA translation products. The polypeptide has a hydrophobic signal sequence of 26 amino acids before the mature start, and the mature polypeptide would have an M_r of 21223. The protein sequence is homologous with sequences of the Kunitz protease and -amylase inhibitor family, and the protein probably functions to defend the seed's protein reserves from the digestive enzymes of invading pests. However because the protein comprises 25–30% of the total seed protein it may itself also function as a storage protein. Electron micrographs of immunogold-labelled embryo sections show that the protein is located in membrane-enclosed organelles.Abbreviations cDNA copy DNA - IgG immunoglobulin G - kb kilobase pairs - kDa kilodaltons - M_r relative molecular mass - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis The authors are very grateful to Dr R. Jennings of the Virology Department, Sheffield University Medical School, for help in raising antibodies, and to Dr G. Cope, of the Biological Sciences Electron Microscopy Unit, Sheffield University, for taking the electron micrographs.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

人TRALL基因cDNA的克隆与序列测定

为研究人 TRALL的基因组结构 ,生物学性能和用于肿瘤生物治疗的可能性 ,利用反转录聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)从人急性早幼粒白血病细胞系 HL - 6 0细胞总 PNA中扩增出人 TRALL基因编码区 c DNA序列 ,将其克隆至 p GEM- T载体中 ,序列测定表明 ,克隆片段与文献报道的人TRALL基因编码区 c DNA序列完全一致。     

Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the major storage proteins of Theobroma cacao

The major storage proteins, polypeptides of 31 and 47 kilodaltons (kDa), from the seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), have been identified and partially purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. The polypeptides were both N-terminally blocked, but some N-terminal amino-acid sequence was obtained from a cyanogen bromide peptide common to both polypeptides, permitting the construction of an oligonucleotide probe. This probe was used to isolate the corresponding copy-DNA (cDNA) clone from a library made from poly(A)⁺ RNA from immature cocoa beans. The cDNA sequence has a single major open reading frame, that translates to give a 566-amino-acid polypeptide of M_r 65 612. The existence of a common precursor to the 31- and 47-kDa polypeptides of this size was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from total poly(A)⁺RNA translation products. The precursor has an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence which appears to be a typical signal sequence, with a predicted site of cleavage 20 amino acids after the start. This is followed by a very hydrophilic domain of 110 amino acids, which, by analogy with the cottonseed -globulin, is presumed to be cleaved off to leave a domain of approx. 47 kDa, very close to the observed size of the mature polypeptide. Like the hydrophilic domain of the cottonseed -globulin the cocoa hydrophilic domain is very rich in glutamine and charged residues (especially glutamate), and contains several Cys-X-X-X-Cys motifs. The cyanogen-bromide peptide common to the 47-kDa and 31-kDa polypeptides is very close to the proposed start of the mature domain, indicating that the 31-kDa polypeptide arises via further C-terminal processing. The polypeptide sequence is homologous to sequences of the vicilin class of storage proteins, previously found only in legumes and cotton. Most of these proteins have a mature polypeptide size of approx. 47 kDa, and are synthesised as precursors only slightly larger than this. Some, however, are larger polypeptides (e.g. -conglycinin from soybean is 72 kDa), usually due to an additional N-terminal domain. In cottonseed the situation appears to parallel that in cocoa in that the vicilin is synthesised as an approx. 70-kDa precursor and then processed to a 47-kDa (and in the case of cocoa also a 31-kDa) mature protein. In this context it is interesting that cotton is closer in evolutionary terms to cocoa than are the legumes, both cotton and cocoa being in the order Malvales.Abbreviations A absorbance - cDNA copy DNA - IgG immunoglobulin G - kb kilobase pairs - kDa kilodaltons - M_r relative molecular mass - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis The authors are very grateful to Dr R. Jennings of the Virology Department, Sheffield University Medical School, for help in raising antibodies.     

Cloning and sequencing the cDNA encoding pig liver thioltransferase

We report here, the first successful cloning and sequencing of a full-length cDNA gene (TT) encoding the pig liver thioltransferase (TT). The TT cDNA was obtained by screening a commercial (Clonetech) pig liver cDNA library in lambda gt11, using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against pig liver TT. Two positive clones were identified in 3.5 x 10(5) recombinants. For verification, we successfully hybridized three oligodeoxyribonucleotide nucleotide probes, synthesized according to three different regions of the pig liver TT amino acid (aa) sequence, to both of the positive clones. In addition, the size of the TT beta-galactosidase fusion protein, produced by the positive clone, was consistent with the length of the cDNA. The TT cDNA was subcloned into the EcoRI site of M13mp18 replicative form and sequenced by the dideoxy chain-termination method using 35S-labeled nucleotides. The aa sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence is in exact agreement with the previously reported primary aa sequence, except that the N terminus should be N-acetylalanine followed by glutamine, rather than the reverse, as originally interpreted by conventional mass spectrometry fast atom bombardment analysis of the tryptic peptide corresponding to the first 8 aa residues.     

人血小板因子4基因cDNA的克隆与序列测定

为研究人血小板因子4（hPF4)的生物学性能和用于肿瘤生物治疗的可能性,运用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）从人工白血病细胞系HEL细胞总RNA中扩增出hPF4基因cDNA序列,将其克隆至pUC18载体中。序列分析证实克隆片段与献报道的hPF4基因cDNA序列完全一致,说明已成为克隆到hPF4基因cDNA。