体外翻译系统在分子生物学研究中的应用

体外翻译系统又称无细胞蛋白质合成系统,是分子生物学中一种常规的表达系统,该系统可用于蛋白质快速分析鉴定,基因转录和翻译的调控机理的研究以及分子间的相互作用的研究,如蛋白质和蛋白质的相互作用,蛋白质与DNA的相互作用,蛋白质与RNA的相互作用等。     

分子生物学技术在啤酒酿造业中的应用

分子生物学技术的运用为传统啤酒酿造业注入了新的活力,中简要介绍分子生物学技术在啤酒酵母工程菌构建,啤酒发酵中污染杂菌的鉴定以及在啤酒原料分析等方面的应用概况。     

转基因动物的发展前景

随着新技术的发展和对基因功能的了解,转基因技术获得了更加广泛的应用。基因治疗载体慢病毒载体、精子介导基因转移(SMGT)和睾丸介导基因转移(TMGT)等方法的发展和完善,可能会取代传统的显微注射技术。用于细胞基因调控研究的RNA干涉技术和基因诱导表达方法,现在移植到了转基因动物中,并获得了理想结果。本展望了转基因技术在基因调控、制备生物反应器和改良畜牧动物等方面的应用和发展前景。     

分子生物学技术讲座（九）：转基因动物技术

（续１９９８年第３３卷第１期第２５页）所谓的转基因动物技术是指通过人工操作的方式,将外源基因整合到动物的基因组内,使该转基因动物能稳定地将此基因遗传给后代的实验技术。此项技术使人类试图将某些动物作为一种生物反应器去生产各种有用的蛋白,特别是医用活性肽...     

分子生物学技术在病毒受体研究中的应用

随着对病毒受体研究的不断深入，许多新技术，新方法被应用于病毒受体的研究之中，本文对其中的分子克隆技术，噬菌体表面呈现技术及转基因动物等项技术在受体研究中的应用概况作一介绍，评述。     

转基因技术在水产动物营养中的应用

近年来,随着分子生物学研究的进展,转基因技术得到了迅猛的发展,在水产动物营养中也有广泛的应用.动物转基因技术是指将外源基因或体外重组的基因结构导入动物的基因组内,使其在动物体内整合和表达,产生具有新的遗传性状,并能将这种性状稳定地传递给后代的一种技术.对转基因技术的一般方法,如显微注射、精子载体、电穿孔,逆转录病毒载体感染和基因枪等方法,以及转基因技术在水产动物营养中的应用进行了综述.     

焦磷酸测序技术其在分子生物学领域的应用

焦磷酸测序技术是一项新型DNA测序技术。在DNA聚合酶、ATP硫酸化酶、荧光素酶和三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶4种酶的协同作用下,将引物上每个dNTP聚合与一次荧光信号释放偶联起来,通过检测荧光的释放和强度,达到实时测定DNA序列的目的。操作中不需要电泳、样品标记和染色,具有高度的可重复性,并行性和自动化特点,本综述了焦磷酸测序技术的基本原理,测序过程和它在SNPs研究,病原微生物的快速鉴定、病因学分析、法医鉴定等方面应用。     

乳酸菌在动物营养中的应用

乳酸菌是人体及动物肠道中的一种常见菌类,具有多种有益功能,被广泛应用于食品、医药及饲料等领域。乳酸菌具有多种益生作用,不仅可以调节动物肠道内的菌群,还可以帮助其更好地吸收营养,提高免疫力。文章介绍了乳酸菌的分类、贮存、生产功能,以及其在动物营养学上的应用。     

分子生物学技术在动物行为生态学中的应用

分子生物学技术在动物行为生态学研究中的应用目前主要集中于繁殖行为、亲缘选择、社会分工、空间定位和聚群行为等几个方面。其中在繁殖行为中的应用最为广泛和深入,包括探讨动物优势等级与繁殖成功度之间的关系、配偶外性行为、种内巢寄生以及交配对策。     

基因工程技术在动物营养学上的应用及其发展前景

综述了基因工程技术在动物营养学中应用的最新进展,并就其在动物营养学上的发展前景作了展望。     

Plastid biotechnology: prospects for herbicide and insect resistance, metabolic engineering and molecular farming

Transgene expression from the chloroplast (plastid) genome offers several attractions to plant biotechnologists, including high-level accumulation of foreign proteins, transgene stacking in operons and a lack of epigenetic interference with the stability of transgene expression. In addition, the technology provides an environmentally benign method of plant genetic engineering, because plastids and their genetic information are maternally inherited in most crops and thus are largely excluded from pollen transmission. During the past few years, researchers in both the public and private sectors have begun to explore possible areas of application of plastid transformation in plant biotechnology as a viable alternative to conventional nuclear transgenic technologies. Recent proof-of-concept studies highlight the potential of plastid genome engineering for the expression of resistance traits, the production of biopharmaceuticals and metabolic pathway engineering in plants.     

Artificial cells: prospects for biotechnology

A variety of techniques can now be used to alter the genome of a cell. Although these techniques are very powerful, they have limitations related to cost and efficiency of scale. Artificial cells designed for specific applications combine properties of biological systems such as nanoscale efficiency, self-organization and adaptability at relatively low cost. Individual components needed for such structures have already been developed, and now the main challenge is to integrate them in functional microscopic compartments. It will then become possible to design and construct communities of artificial cells that can perform different tasks related to therapeutic and diagnostic applications.     

Hydrophobins: New prospects for biotechnology

Hydrophobins are small amphipathic molecules found uniquely in fungi. They perform crucial roles in allowing filamentous species to break through interfaces during aerial hyphae formation, sporulation, fruit body production and cell penetration. Initial biotechnological applications have exploited materials coated with hydrophobins to switch hydrophobic surfaces to hydrophilic and vice versa. Recent improvements in our understanding of the biophysics of hydrophobin layer formation, including the use of mixed types of molecules, together with advances in genomics promise to extend greatly the potential for hydrophobin biotechnologies.     

Environmental biotechnology in India: prospects and case studies

The emergence and acceptance of the concept of sustainable development warrants that the scope of environmental biotechnology be enlarged to address issues like environmental monitoring, restoration of environmental quality, resource/residue/waste-recovery/utilization/treatment, and substitution of the non-renewable resource base with renewable resources. This paper delineates the current and prospective applications in these sub-areas of environmental biotechnology, and documents case studies on environmental monitoring (enteric viruses), restoration of environmental quality (oil spill remediation), resource recovery (hydrocarbon recovery from oily sludges, biosurfactants from distillery spentwash, desulphurization of coal & sour gases), and substitution of non-renewable resources with renewables (conversion of lignocellulisics into value added chemicals).The author is with the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur: 440 020, India     

Application of molecular genetic and microbiological techniques in ecology and biotechnology of cyanobacteria

The review discusses the advances and problems in biotechnology and ecology of cyanobacteria and considers the possibilities of molecular genetic and microbiological techniques in this field. Due to the ease of cultivation, high growth rate, availability of synchronous cultures, and existence of numerous molecular genetic and microbiological techniques for various cyanobacterial strains, cyanobacteria—prokaryotic organisms that are ancient relatives of the chloroplasts—are model organisms in the studies of photosynthesis, dinitrogen fixation, cell division, hydrogen production, and in a number of other areas of basic and applied science. These techniques make possible deeper understanding of the role of cyanobacteria in various ecosystems and utilization of their potential in numerous applied projects, including production of molecular hydrogen, phycobiliproteins, and cyanophycin; formation of nanoparticles; removal of heavy metals from the environment; substrate biodegradation; manufacture of products for medicine and food industry; and solution of the problem of cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater and marine environments.     

Cacao biotechnology: current status and future prospects

Theobroma cacao—The Food of the Gods, provides the raw material for the multibillion dollar chocolate industry and is also the main source of income for about 6 million smallholders around the world. Additionally, cocoa beans have a number of other nonfood uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Specifically, the potential health benefits of cocoa have received increasing attention as it is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. At present, the demand for cocoa and cocoa‐based products in Asia is growing particularly rapidly and chocolate manufacturers are increasing investment in this region. However, in many Asian countries, cocoa production is hampered due to many reasons including technological, political and socio‐economic issues. This review provides an overview of the present status of global cocoa production and recent advances in biotechnological applications for cacao improvement, with special emphasis on genetics/genomics, in vitro embryogenesis and genetic transformation. In addition, in order to obtain an insight into the latest innovations in the commercial sector, a survey was conducted on granted patents relating to T. cacao biotechnology.     

分子生物学技术在肠道微生物研究中的应用进展

肠道微生物与宿主的健康状况息息相关,已成为当今的热点研究领域。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,高通量测序技术、实时荧光定量PCR技术和PCR-DGGE技术等凭借其高灵敏度、高通量、无需体外培养等优势,为研究微生物结构和功能基因组提供了新方法,并在肠道菌群的研究中应用广泛。本文对这三种分子生物学技术在肠道微生物研究中的应用进行了综述,总结了这三种技术在肠道微生物研究中的应用范围和优缺点,并展望了其在肠道微生物研究中的广阔应用前景。     

Cocoa biotechnology: status, constraints and future prospects

Current status and future prospects of cocoa biotechnology are reviewed. Potential for improving and modifying cocoa bean yield and quality are discussed. Prospects for producing cocoa components in vitro and cocoa butter substitutes in crops other than cocoa are examined. Application of complementary research tools is expected to allow significant enhancements in cocoa bean yield. Furthermore, cocoa varieties with modified characteristics are likely to become available, in particular varieties with increased cocoa butter content and modified fatty acid patterns. In vitro production of cocoa components is less likely.