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1.
Harri?t Schellekens Wesley E. P. A. van Oeffelen Timothy G. Dinan John F. Cryan 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(1):181-191
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a), the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3), and the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C), are well known for their key role in the homeostatic control of food intake and energy balance. Ghrelin is the only known gut peptide exerting an orexigenic effect and has thus received much attention as an anti-obesity drug target. In addition, recent data have revealed a critical role for ghrelin in dopaminergic mesolimbic circuits involved in food reward signaling. This study investigates the downstream signaling consequences and ligand-mediated co-internalization following heterodimerization of the GHS-R1a receptor with the dopamine 1 receptor, as well as that of the GHS-R1a-MC3 heterodimer. In addition, a novel heterodimer between the GHS-R1a receptor and the 5-HT2C receptor was identified. Interestingly, dimerization of the GHS-R1a receptor with the unedited 5-HT2C-INI receptor, but not with the partially edited 5-HT2C-VSV isoform, significantly reduced GHS-R1a agonist-mediated calcium influx, which was completely restored following pharmacological blockade of the 5-HT2C receptor. These results combined suggest a potential novel mechanism for fine-tuning GHS-R1a receptor-mediated activity via promiscuous dimerization of the GHS-R1a receptor with other G protein-coupled receptors involved in appetite regulation and food reward. These findings may uncover novel mechanisms of significant relevance for the future pharmacological targeting of the GHS-R1a receptor in the homeostatic regulation of energy balance and in hedonic appetite signaling, both of which play a significant role in the development of obesity. 相似文献
2.
Novel SNPs of the Caprine Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR) Gene and Their Association with Growth Traits in Goats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qijiang Jin Xing Tang Fang Liu Yang Chun Lei Zhang Jia Jie Sun Dan Xia Chen X. Y. Shi Yu Du Chuchao Lei Hong Chen 《Biochemical genetics》2010,48(9-10):847-856
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a G protein-coupled receptor that binds ghrelin, plays an important role in the central regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion, food intake, and energy homeostasis. This study analyzed polymorphism of the caprine GHSR gene as a genetic marker candidate for growth traits in goats. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (GU014697:g.165G→A and GU014697:g.548T→C) were identified in exon 2 of the caprine GHSR gene by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. Their associations with growth traits were analyzed in 313 Xuhuai goats. The results indicated that GU014697:g.548T→C had significant effects on growth traits. Body length and body length index were significantly higher in individuals with genotype TT than CC and CT in (P < 0.05). TT individuals also tended to have better performance in other traits, such as body height and chest circumference, although there were no statistical differences (P > 0.05). This suggests that GHSR is a strong candidate gene that affects growth traits in goats. 相似文献
3.
Zhai W Flynn N Longhi DA Tino JA Murphy BJ Slusarchyk D Gordon DA Pendri A Shi S Stoffel R Ma B Sofia MJ Gerritz SW 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(18):5083-5086
The discovery and optimization of a novel series of prolinol-derived GHSR agonists is described. This series emerged from a 11,520-member solid-phase library targeting the GPCR protein superfamily, and the rapid optimization of low micromolar hits into single-digit nanomolar leads can be attributed to the solid-phase synthesis of matrix libraries, which revealed multiple non-additive structure-activity relationships. In addition, the separation of potent diastereomers highlighted the influence of the alpha-methyl stereochemistry of the phenoxyacetamide sidechain on GHSR activity. 相似文献
4.
Karen Kulju McKee Carina P. Tan Oksana C. Palyha Jim Liu Scott D. Feighner Donna L. Hreniuk Roy G. Smith Andrew D. Howard Lex H.T. Van der Ploeg 《Genomics》1997,46(3):426
The recent cloning of a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) from human pituitary gland and brain identified a third G protein-coupled receptor (GPC-R) involved in the control of growth hormone release. The nucleotide sequence of the GHS-R is most closely related to the neurotensin receptor-1 (NT-R1) (35% overall protein identity). Two human GPC-Rs related to both the type 1a GHS-R and NT-Rs were cloned and characterized. Hybridization at low posthybridizational stringency with restriction enzyme-digested human genomic DNA resulted in the identification of a genomic clone encoding a first GHS-R/NT-R family member (GPR38). A cDNA clone was identified encoding a second GHS-R-related gene (GPR39). GPR38 and GPR39 share significant amino acid sequence identity with the GHS-R and NT-Rs 1 and 2. An acidic residue (E124) in TM-3, essential for the binding and activation of the GHS-R by structurally dissimilar GHSs, was conserved in GPR38 and GPR39. GPR38 is encoded by a single gene expressed in thyroid gland, stomach, and bone marrow. GPR39 is encoded by a highly conserved single-copy gene, expressed in brain and other peripheral tissues. Fluorescencein situhybridization localized the genes for GPR38 and GPR39 to separate chromosomes, distinct from the gene encoding the GHS-R and NT-R type 1. The ligand-binding and functional properties of GPR38 and GPR39 remain to be determined. 相似文献
5.
A. D. Wright E. M. Kohner N. W. Oakley M. Hartog G. F. Joplin T. Russell Fraser 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1969,2(5653):346-348
Serum growth hormone levels were measured during insulin tolerance tests in 36 patients after yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for diabetic retinopathy. The response of the new blood vessels was more clearly related to loss of growth hormone function than was the improvement of retinal haemorrhages and microaneurysms. The overall response of the retinopathy was greatest when growth hormone function was lost.Since the loss of growth hormone function was related to the loss of other aspects of anterior pituitary function, a unique role of growth hormone in the response of diabetic retinopathy to pituitary ablation could not be established. 相似文献
6.
Gabriel Morrhaye Hamid Kermani Jean-Jacques Legros Frederic Baron Yves Beguin Michel Moutschen Remi Cheynier Henri J. Martens Vincent Geenen 《PloS one》2009,4(5)
Background
Despite age-related adipose involution, T cell generation in the thymus (thymopoiesis) is maintained beyond puberty in adults. In rodents, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and GH secretagogues reverse age-related changes in thymus cytoarchitecture and increase thymopoiesis. GH administration also enhances thymic mass and function in HIV-infected patients. Until now, thymic function has not been investigated in adult GH deficiency (AGHD). The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate thymic function in AGHD, as well as the repercussion upon thymopoiesis of GH treatment for restoration of GH/IGF-1 physiological levels.Methodology/Principal Findings
Twenty-two patients with documented AGHD were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were measured: plasma IGF-1 concentrations, signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC) frequency, and sj/β TREC ratio. Analyses were performed at three time points: firstly on GH treatment at maintenance dose, secondly one month after GH withdrawal, and thirdly one month after GH resumption. After 1-month interruption of GH treatment, both plasma IGF-1 concentrations and sjTREC frequency were decreased (p<0.001). Decreases in IGF-1 and sjTREC levels were correlated (r = 0.61, p<0.01). There was also a decrease in intrathymic T cell proliferation as indicated by the reduced sj/β TREC ratio (p<0.01). One month after reintroduction of GH treatment, IGF-1 concentration and sjTREC frequency regained a level equivalent to the one before GH withdrawal. The sj/β TREC ratio also increased with GH resumption, but did not return to the level measured before GH withdrawal.Conclusions
In patients with AGHD under GH treatment, GH withdrawal decreases thymic T cell output, as well as intrathymic T cell proliferation. These parameters of thymus function are completely or partially restored one month after GH resumption. These data indicate that the functional integrity of the somatotrope GH/IGF-1 axis is important for the maintenance of a normal thymus function in human adults.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NTC00601419 相似文献7.
Chunxia Lu P. Anil Kumar Jinhong Sun Anjali Aggarwal Yong Fan Mark A. Sperling Carey N. Lumeng Ram K. Menon 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(22):15725-15735
We investigated GH action on macrophage (MΦ) by creating a MΦ-specific GH receptor-null mouse model (MacGHR KO). On a normal diet (10% fat), MacGHR KO and littermate controls exhibited similar growth profiles and glucose excursions on intraperitoneal glucose (ipGTT) and insulin tolerance (ITT) tests. However, when challenged with high fat diet (HFD, 45% fat) for 18 weeks, MacGHR KO mice exhibited impaired ipGTT and ITT compared with controls. In MacGHR KO, adipose-tissue (AT) MΦ abundance was increased with skewing toward M1 polarization. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, TNF-α, IL6, and osteopontin (OPN)) were increased in MacGHR KO AT stromal vascular fraction (SVF). In MacGHR KO AT, crown-like-structures were increased with decreased insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation. The abundance of phosphorylated NF-κB and of OPN was increased in SVF and bone-marrow-derived MΦ in MacGHR KO. GH, acting via an NF-κB site in the distal OPN promoter, inhibited the OPN promoter. Thus in diet-induced obesity (DIO), lack of GH action on the MΦ exerts an unexpected deleterious effect on glucose homeostasis by accentuating AT inflammation and NF-κB-dependent activation of OPN expression. These novel results in mice support the possibility that administration of GH could have salutary effects on DIO-associated chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in humans. 相似文献
8.
GH responses to GHRH, the physiologic hypothalamic stimulus, and GHRP-6, a synthetic hexapeptide that binds the Ghrelin receptor, were studied in rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ), an experimental model of diabetes. Sprague-Dawley male rats received a single injection either of STZ (70 mg/Kg in 0.01 M SSC, i.p.) or of the vehicle (0.01 M SSC). GH responses were challenged with two different doses of GHRH (1 and 10 microg/kg) or GHRP-6 (3 and 30 microg/kg) and with a combination of both at low (1 + 3 microg/kg) or high (10 + 30 microg/kg) doses, respectively. We observed a dose-dependent effect for GH responses to GHRH both in STZ-treated rats and in controls. However, we could not find significant differences between STZ-rats and controls. GH responses to GHRP-6 occurred in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-rats, but not in controls. GH responses to GHRP-6 in both groups were clearly lower than those elicited by GHRH. GH responses to 30 microg/Kg of GHRP-6 were significantly greater in STZ-rats than in controls (AUC: 3549.9 +/- 1001.4 vs. 2046.4 +/- 711.7; p<0.05). The combined administration of GHRH plus GHRP-6 was the most potent stimuli for GH in both groups. The administration of doses in the lower range (1 + 3 microg/Kg, GHRH + GHRP-6 respectively) induced a great peak of GH in STZ-rats and in control rats, revealing a synergistic effect of GHRH and GHRP-6 in both groups. When the higher doses were administered (10 + 30 microg/kg), GH levels in time 5, and AUC were significantly higher in control rats. In addition, a negative correlation between WT (weight tendency) values and GH responses, represented as AUC, could be established in STZ-rats (r2=-0.566, p=0.004 for GHRH; r2=-0.412, p=0.028 for GHRP-6). Thus, the more negative the values of WT were, the more severe the metabolic alteration and, therefore, the higher the GH response to GHRH and GHRHP-6. In conclusion, our results do not support the existence of a functional hypothalamic hypertone of SS in diabetic rats, as GH responses were not usually reduced in STZ-rats, except when both secretagogues were administered together at the higher doses. Besides, GH responses to GHRH and GHRP-6 were inversely correlated with the severity of the metabolic alteration in STZ-rats, meaning that worse glycaemic control promoted higher GH secretion. These results resemble those found in humans, where GH responses to secretagogues are increased in type-1 diabetes and depend on hyperglycaemia, and are representative of not well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetic status. 相似文献
9.
Substance P is ubiquitous undecapeptide belonging to the tachykinins family. It has been found in the hypothalamus and is involved in the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in several mammals, including human. Previous studies have shown that substance P increases GH secretions in rats and human. In this study, we have shown that intravenously infused substance P in sheep caused an increased level of Growth Hormone (GH) and GH-Releasing Hormone (GHRH), and decreased Somatotropin Release Inhibiting Hormone (SRIH) secretions. GH was obtained from peripheral blood. GHRH and SRIH were directly collected from hypophysial portal blood, using a trans-nasal surgery technique in a vigil sheep that allowed accessing to hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vessels. Hormones assays were performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Moreover, we showed that substance P-induced GH and GHRH secretion appears to be mediated by NK2 tachykinin receptors, since it is specifically blocked by a non peptidic tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist (SR48968, Sanofi, Montpellier, France) whereas a non peptidic tachykinin NK1 antagonist (SR140333, Sanofi, Montpellier, France) failed to modify GH and GHRH hormones secretions. 相似文献
10.
生长激素基因(GH2)多态性与猪部分生产性能的关系 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
采用PCR -RFLP对南昌白猪 (117头 )和大约克夏猪 (36 1头 )的GH 2基因 - 119~ +486bp的片段进行了扩增 ,并用ApaⅠ酶切 ,产生了 2个等位基因A(44 9+10 1+5 5bp)和B(316 +133+10 1+5 5bp)。分析了不同基因型对个体初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄重、校正背膘厚、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率和料重比等生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,在南昌白猪中 ,不同GH 2基因型间在所测的生产性能上差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在大约克夏猪中 ,AA型猪的瘦肉率最低、与BB型猪相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。 相似文献
11.
Summary. It has been firmly established that excitatory amino acids (EAAs), such as glutamate, are pivotal elements in the hypothalamic
circuitry involved in the control of pituitary function. The actions of EAAs are mediated by different postsynaptic receptor
subtypes, which include N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA), 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5 methyl-4-isoxazol propionic acid (AMPA)
and metabotropic receptors. In this review, we summarize our experimental work on the role of EAA neurotransmission in the
control of GH secretion in the rat. Detailed characterization of the effects of agonists and antagonists of glutamate receptors
on GH release revealed that activation of NMDA, KA and AMPA receptors at different age-points resulted in clear-cut stimulation
of GH secretion, although age- and sex-dependent differences were detected in the pattern of response to the different agonists.
This stimulatory action was proven nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and not exerted at the pituitary level. In addition, evaluation
of the role of hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the stimulatory action of NMDA by means of immunoneutralization
of endogenous GHRH or destruction of GHRH producing neurons suggested the involvement of signals other than GHRH in this response.
Further, evidence was obtained on the modulation of the EAA system by gonadal factors, and on the physiological relevance
of EAA pathways in the regulation of pulsatile GH release. In conclusion, our data using the rat as animal model provide evidence
for a pivotal role of glutamate pathways in the regulation of GH secretion throughout the life-span.
Received May 5, 1999, Accepted July 28, 1999 相似文献
12.
Flavia Prodam Silvia Savastio Giulia Genoni Deepak Babu Mara Giordano Roberta Ricotti Gianluca Aimaretti Gianni Bona Simonetta Bellone 《PloS one》2014,9(1)
Context, objective
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, in particular after treatment in children and adults with pre-existing metabolic risk factors. Our aims were. i) to evaluate the effect on glucose metabolism of rhGH treatment and withdrawal in not confirmed GHD adolescents at the achievement of adult height; ii) to investigate the impact of GH receptor gene genomic deletion of exon 3 (d3GHR).Design, setting
We performed a longitudinal study (1 year) in a tertiary care center.Methods
23 GHD adolescent were followed in the last year of rhGH treatment (T0), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months after rhGH withdrawal with fasting and post-OGTT evaluations. 40 healthy adolescents were used as controls. HOMA-IR, HOMA%β, insulinogenic (INS) and disposition (DI) indexes were calculated. GHR genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR.Results
In the group as a whole, fasting insulin (p<0.05), HOMA-IR (p<0.05), insulin and glucose levels during OGTT (p<0.01) progressively decreased from T0 to T12 becoming similar to controls. During rhGH, a compensatory insulin secretion with a stable DI was recorded, and, then, HOMAβ and INS decreased at T6 and T12 (p<0.05). By evaluating the GHR genotype, nDel GHD showed a decrease from T0 to T12 in HOMA-IR, HOMAβ, INS (p<0.05) and DI. Del GHD showed a gradual increase in DI (p<0.05) and INS with a stable HOMA-IR and higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01).Conclusions
In not confirmed GHD adolescents the fasting deterioration in glucose homeostasis during rhGH is efficaciously coupled with a compensatory insulin secretion and activity at OGTT. The presence of at least one d3GHR allele is associated with lower glucose levels and higher HOMA-β and DI after rhGH withdrawal. Screening for the d3GHR in the pediatric age may help physicians to follow and phenotype GHD patients also by a metabolic point of view. 相似文献13.
Mutations in the gene for growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) cause isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) but this gene has not been found to affect normal variation in height. We performed a whole genome linkage analysis for height in a population from northern Sweden and identified a region on chromosome 7 with a lod-score of 4.7. The GHRHR gene is located in this region and typing of tagSNPs identified a haplotype that is associated with height (p = 0.00077) in the original study population. Analysis of a sample from an independent population from the most northern part of Sweden also showed an association with height (p = 0.0039) but with another haplotype in the GHRHR gene. Both haplotypes span the 3′ part of the GHRHR gene, including the region in which most of the mutations in IGHD have been located. The effect size of these haplotypes are larger than that of any gene previously associated with height, which indicates that GHRHR might be one of the most important genes so far identified affecting normal variation in human height. 相似文献
14.
大熊猫生长激素受体(GHR)cDNA的克隆与序列分析 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
根据已报道的若干物种GHR 基因cDNA 序列设计引物, 利用RT- PCR 技术首次从大熊猫肝脏组织总RNA中扩增出GHR 基因编码区全长cDNA 序列, 克隆于pGEM®-T 载体后进行测序和序列分析。结果表明,大熊猫GHR 的ORF为1 917 bp , 编码638 个氨基酸的前体蛋白, 由18 个氨基酸的信号肽和620 个氨基酸的成熟肽组成,与人、狗、猪GHR 结构相似, 大熊猫GHR 成熟肽由246 个氨基酸的胞外区、24 个氨基酸的跨膜区和350 个氨基酸的胞内区组成, 并具GHR 的特征性结构。序列相似性比较显示, 大熊猫GHR 与哺乳类GHR 具有69 %~93 %的高序列相似性, 与爬行类和鸟类的序列相似性也达到60 % , 而与鱼类的序列相似性较低, 仅为30 %左右。与其它哺乳动物GHR 相比, 大熊猫GHR 在氨基酸序列上也存在明显的特异性。 相似文献
15.
Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA) on Exercise Capacity and Endothelial Response in Diabetic Mice
Kamil Przyborowski Marta Wojewoda Barbara Sitek Agnieszka Zakrzewska Agnieszka Kij Krystyna Wandzel Jerzy Andrzej Zoladz Stefan Chlopicki 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), which was initially considered to be a biologically inactive endogenous metabolite of nicotinamide, has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent with the capacity to release prostacyclin (PGI2). In the present study, we characterized the effects of MNA on exercise capacity and the endothelial response to exercise in diabetic mice. Eight-week-old db/db mice were untreated or treated with MNA for 4 weeks (100 mg·kg-1), and their exercise capacity as well as NO- and PGI2-dependent response to endurance running were subsequently assessed. MNA treatment of db/db mice resulted in four-fold and three-fold elevation of urine concentrations of MNA and its metabolites (Met-2PY + Met-4PY), respectively (P<0.01), but did not affect HbA1c concentration, fasting glucose concentration or lipid profile. However, insulin sensitivity was improved (P<0.01). In MNA-treated db/db mice, the time to fatigue for endurance exercise was significantly prolonged (P<0.05). Post-exercise Δ6-keto-PGF1α (difference between mean concentration in the sedentary and exercised groups) tended to increase, and post-exercise leukocytosis was substantially reduced in MNA-treated animals. In turn, the post-exercise fall in plasma concentration of nitrate was not affected by MNA. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that MNA improves endurance exercise capacity in mice with diabetes, and may also decrease the cardiovascular risk of exercise. 相似文献
16.
生长激素释放肽的合成及促生长活性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用固相多肽合成法合成了生长激素释放肽(GHRP),这是一种含D-型氨基酸的外源性激素,具有促进脑下垂体分泌生长激素功能的人工合成六肽,其氨基酸序列为His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2.观察了使用不同剂量的GHRP对不同日龄小鼠的促生长效应,当使用最佳剂量(1000μg/kg)时,可使25日龄小鼠体重较对照组增加14.8%,同时发现鼠龄越小对GHRP越敏感,当使用剂量高达10mg/kg时仍然安全无毒. 相似文献
17.
Tomoyoshi Hosokawa Kunio Ando Gakuzo Tamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2865-2869
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a hypotensive compound, and alanine accumulated in tea leaves under anaerobic conditions. Since the 15N in 15N-glutamic acid was well incorporated in GABA and alanine during anaerobic incubation, glutamic acid seemed to be a source of nitrogen for the increased GABA and alanine. GOT and GPT were the predominant amino acid transaminases in tea leaves. Although glutamate decarboxylase and GPT seemed to be important for GABA and alanine accumulation, the activities of these enzymes did not increase under anaerobic conditions. Glutamate decarboxylase, which formed GABA from glutamate, was purified 52.4-fold. This enzyme, with an optimum pH at 5.8, was activated by pyridoxal phosphate and used only l-glutamic acid as a substrate. 相似文献
18.
Edna J. L. Barbosa Camilla A. M. Glad Anna G. Nilsson Niklas Bosaeus Helena Filipsson Nystr?m Per-Arne Svensson Bengt-?ke Bengtsson Staffan Nilsson Ingvar Bosaeus Cesar Luiz Boguszewski Gudmundur Johannsson 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Objectives
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with decreased extracellular water volume (ECW). In response to GH replacement therapy (GHRT), ECW increases and blood pressure (BP) reduces or remains unchanged. Our primary aim was to study the association between polymorphisms in genes related to renal tubular function with ECW and BP before and 1 year after GHRT. The ECW measures using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) were validated against a reference method, the sodium bromide dilution method (Br−).Design and Methods
Using a candidate gene approach, fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes with known impact on renal tubular function (AGT, SCNN1A, SCNN1G, SLC12A1, SLC12A3, KCNJ1, STK39, WNK1 and CASR) were genotyped and analyzed for associations with ECW and BP at baseline and with their changes after 1 year of GHRT in 311 adult GHD patients. ECW was measured with the Br−, BIA, and BIS.Results
Both BIA and BIS measurements demonstrated similar ECW results as the reference method. At baseline, after adjustment for sex and BMI, SNP rs2291340 in the SLC12A1 gene was associated with ECW volume in GHD patients (p = 0.039). None of the SNPs influenced the ECW response to GHRT. One SNP in the SLC12A3 gene (rs11643718; p = 0.024) and three SNPs in the SCNN1G gene [rs5723 (p = 0.02), rs5729 (p = 0.016) and rs13331086 (p = 0.035)] were associated with the inter-individual differences in BP levels at baseline. A polymorphism in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene (rs1965357) was associated with changes in systolic BP after GHRT (p = 0.036). None of these associations remained statistically significant when corrected for multiple testing.Conclusion
The BIA and BIS are as accurate as Br− to measure ECW in GHD adults before and during GHRT. Our study provides the first evidence that individual polymorphisms may have clinically relevant effects on ECW and BP in GHD adults. 相似文献19.
John J. Deller Jr. Daniel C. Plunket Peter H. Forsham 《The Western journal of medicine》1966,104(5):359-362
Growth hormone assays were performed before and after androgen administration in a 12-year-old boy with unexplained growth retardation. A subnormal growth hormone secretion in response to a standard hypoglycemic stimulus was demonstrated, and it was corrected by androgen pretreatment. After that, a normal serum growth hormone level and a temporary growth spurt were demonstrated. 相似文献
20.
Sherin Antony T. Peeyush Kumar Korah P. Kuruvilla Naijil George C. S. Paulose 《Neurochemical research》2010,35(10):1516-1521
Hypoglycemia is the major problem to blood glucose homeostasis in treatment of diabetes and is associated with severe irreversible
consequences including seizures, coma and death. GABAergic inhibitory function in the cerebral cortex plays an important role
in controlling the excitability and responsiveness of cortical neurons. Present study analysed effects of insulin induced
hypoglycemia and streptozotocin induced diabetes on the cortical GABA receptor binding, GABAAά1, GABAB receptor subtype expression, GAD and GLUT3 expression. Diabetic rats showed decreased [3H] GABA binding in the cerebral cortex compared to control while hypoglycemia exacerbated the decrease. GABA receptor subunits;
GABAAά1, GABAB and GAD expression significantly decreased in diabetic rats whereas hypoglycemia significanly decreased the expression compared
to diabetic. GLUT3 expression significantly up regulated during both hypo and hyperglycemia. Our results showed that hypoglycemia
and hyperglycemia decreased GABAergic neuroprotective function in the cerebral cortex, which account for the increased vulnerability
of cerebral cortex to subsequent neuronal damage during hypo/hyperglycemia. 相似文献