中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅻ.石松科

利用扫描电镜对中国产石松科6属9种1变型植物孢子形态进行了观察.结果表明:石松科植物孢子为四面体形,辐射对称;具三裂缝,裂缝为孢子半径的1/2～3/4或几达赤道线,有些种裂缝具唇状边缘;极面观一般为圆角三角形或近圆形,赤道面观为扇形或近椭圆形;极轴长为23～50 μm,赤道轴长为24～54 μm;由外壁形成孢子表面网状、棒状、脊状、拟网状、瘤状和颗粒状纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,通常只有1层.从孢粉学特征看,石松属和扁枝石松属孢子形态有交叉,属间特征不明显;而小石松属、卡罗利拟小石松属、垂穗石松属和藤石松属的属间孢子形态特征明显.     

泥盆纪石松类研究新进展

简要论述了近十年来泥盆纪石松类研究取得的主要进展。分支系统学研究增进了对石松类起源与谱系分异的认识,新构建的系统发育树中石松纲与真叶植物互为姐妹群,并识别出原始鳞木目和异孢石松类两个单系。基于化石数据库和定量统计分析,揭示了泥盆纪石松类的多样性演变模式:早泥盆世布拉格期(Pragian)石松类的属种数量显著增加,在埃姆斯期(Emsian)至艾菲尔期(Eifelian)逐步取代工蕨类,至晚泥盆世进一步辐射。依据华南、新疆及全球其他地区丰富的化石材料,大量泥盆纪的石松植物新类群得以建立,一系列已有属种得到详细的再研究,明确了这些植物的生物学特征,也促进了对石松类根系、生长和繁殖习性演化的深入理解。对华南早泥盆世的镰蕨类和挪威中—晚泥盆世乔木状石松的研究分别揭示了这一时期植物-土壤相互作用及热带森林群落面貌,为了解早期维管植物对地球环境和陆地生态系统的影响提供了新的资料。     

河南固始早石炭世杨山组植物群

系统描述了扬山组植物18属25种,其中以石松类及种子蕨和真蕨纲为主,仅少数属楔叶纲;石松类中发现不少叶座较小,叶痕相对较大的鳞木类植物,颇似华夏植物群中的鳞木类;首次报道了我国发现的古芦木孢囊穗.据对植物群综合分析,杨山组的时代为早石炭世中晚期.     

河南固始早石炭世杨山组植物群

系统描述了扬山组植物18属25种,其中以石松类及种子蕨和真蕨纲为主,仅少数属楔叶纲;石松类中发现不少叶座较小,叶痕相对较大的鳞木类植物,颇似华夏植物群中的鳞木类;首次报道了我国发现的古芦木孢囊穗.据对植物群综合分析,杨山组的时代为早石炭世中晚期.     

江西石松类孢子形态的研究

应用扫描电子显微镜对江西产２科５属８种（含变型）石松类植物的孢子形态进行了观察,结果表明,２科植物孢子形态相似,但外壁纹饰有差别,所观察的各属间、种间在孢子形态上亦有差异。     

中国石松科的分类(二)

在我国,石松类植物广布于包括内蒙古、新疆、青藏高原在内的各省区。有些种类民间长期作为药用植物。五十多年来,各地植物学工作者们采集了大量标本,但迄今未进行过彻底整理,甚至科、属不分,一律以石松名之。种类鉴定也很混乱,根据上文提出的中国石松植物的分类系统,本文将对我国全部广义的石松种类进行具体分类,以应各地植物志工作的需要。为了有助于全国各标本室的石松标本能进行正确的分类,本文     

黄土高原石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与地理分布

物种编目是了解生物多样性的基础。本文收集已出版的专著和文献, 查阅标本馆的馆藏标本信息, 在此基础上, 对黄土高原的石松类和蕨类植物的多样性和地理分布数据进行统计和分析。科属排列采用Flora of China的分类系统, 科属界定依据分子系统学的最新研究成果。结果表明, 黄土高原共有石松类和蕨类植物18科42属165种2亚种5变种, 其中中国特有种35种, 占总种数的20.35%。种类数量最多的5个科依次为凤尾蕨科(29种, 含种下单位, 下同)、鳞毛蕨科(28种)、水龙骨科(19种)、蹄盖蕨科(16种)和铁角蕨科(16种); 种类数量最多的6个属依次为铁角蕨属(Asplenium, 16种)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 15种)、耳蕨属(Polystichum, 12种)、岩蕨属(Woodsia, 11种)、卷柏属(Selaginella, 10种)和瓦韦属(Lepisorus, 10种)。黄土高原的石松类和蕨类植物中, 无珍稀濒危保护植物, 无中国特有属。依据生态类型可划分为4类, 即土生植物(112种)、石生植物(75种)、附生植物(18种)、水生植物(3种), 该区域石松类和蕨类植物土生或石生的种类占总种数的89.53%。在地理分布上, 黄土高原石松类和蕨类处于我国现生类群分布的边缘区域, 这与我国的石松类和蕨类分布规律基本一致。     

广州市植物多样性现状调查与分析

为摸清广州市植物资源状况及生态环境变化动态,对广州市的维管植物和生物多样性热点区域的植被群落进行了调查和比较分析.在种类方面,共记录到广州市维管植物230科1362属3508种,其中石松类和蕨类植物25科78属174种,裸子植物8科20属34种,被子植物197科1264属3300种;属于国家重点保护野生植物的有20种,...     

基于叶绿体基因rbcL和psbA-trnH间区探讨石杉科植物系统关系

关于石杉科Huperziaceae植物的分类,一直存在一些争议。在旧的分类体系中石杉科植物被包含在一个混合的石松科Lycopodiaceae和多谱系的石松属Lycopodium中。本文利用叶绿体rbcL基因和psbA-trnH基因间区序列探讨石杉科植物的系统位置及石杉科内部的分类关系,用最大简约法和邻接法对自测序列结合由GenBank下载的rbcL及psbA-trnH基因间区序列进行系统发育分析。结果显示,石杉科与Phylloglossum属关系较近,与石松科关系较疏远。在石杉科中热带石杉属Huperzia植物和马尾杉属Phlegmariurus植物的关系要比它们与其他石杉属植物更近。所以,我们的rbcL基因数据不支持秦仁昌关于石杉科分为石杉属和马尾杉属的分类处理。但是,因为我们的psbA-trnH序列没有包括热带种类,对石杉属植物和马尾杉属植物的关系无验证。因此需要更多的样品和序列数据进一步探讨石杉科的演化关系。     

贵州省楠杆自然保护区药用植物多样性调查

贵州德江楠杆自然保护区药用植物资源种类丰富,首次调查植物种类达2 000余种,查阅药用植物文献资料记载,鉴定有药用植物1 079种,隶属于201科603属。其中,真菌类植物19科23属35种,苔藓类14科14属16种,石松和蕨类植物19科42属88种,裸子植物7科11属14种,双子叶植物121科426属792种,单子叶植物21科87属134种,草本多达587种,木本多达438种。对该地区药用植物的组成、丰富度与周边地区进行了比较,提出了保护利用及可持续发展的建议。     

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅰ. Lygodiaceae

This paper is the first report of an investigation on the spore morphology of Chinese ferns. Spore morphology of 20 species (10 species from China and 10 species from other countries) in the genus Lygodium (Lygodiaceae) was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The spores are tetrahedral-globose, trilete, rarely monolete. The surface ornamentation of the spores can be divided into four main types: In type I , the surface of spores is tuberculate or spheroid-tuberculate. Most of the species of the genus have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type II , the surface of spores is smooth. L. palmatum, L . subareolatum , L . yunnanense and L . volubile have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type III, both the distal and equatorial areas of spores are coarsely verrucate, while the proximal area is smooth. L. dimorphum, L. digitatum and L. kingii have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. In type IV, the surface of spores is coarsely reticulate. L. scandens and L. reticulatum have this type of surface ornamentation of spores. The surface contours of the reticulate type (type IV) are formed by the exospore, while that of the other types (types I, II, III) are formed by the perispore. The surface ornamentation of spores seems to be stable within species and thus is of important value in the taxonomy of the genus Lygodium.     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅰ. 海金沙科

此文是中国蕨类植物孢子形态研究的第一部分。首次利用扫描电镜对国产海金沙科Lygodiaceae 海金沙属Lygodium 10种植物的孢子形态进行了观察,并利用透射电镜对孢壁的结构进行了研究。此 外,还对采自国外的另外10种海金沙属植物的孢子进行了比较观察。海金沙属孢子为三裂缝,少数为单 裂缝,其表面纹饰可分为4种类型：①瘤状纹饰,海金沙属多数种类的孢子具此类型;②表面平滑,L. palmatum、L. subareolatum、L．yunnanense、L. volubile 等属此类型;③疣状纹饰,L. dimorphum、L．digita- tum、L. kingii等属此类型;④网穴状纹饰,L. scandens,L．reticulatum等属此类型。网状纹饰类型的孢子表面轮廓是由外壁形成,其余类型的孢子表面轮廓由周壁形成。此文还对海金沙属的孢子特征及其在分类上的意义进行了探讨。     

A re-evaluation of Hypochnicium (Polyporales) based on morphological and molecular characters

Hypochnicium is a genus of corticioid, wood-inhabiting fungi in the Polyporales with a worldwide distribution. The genus has been characterized by the nature of the spores; they are thick-walled, smooth or ornamented, and cyanophilous. Nine new ITS nrDNA sequences from species of this genus were aligned with 32 sequences from GenBank, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Six clades were determined within the genus; one contains taxa with smooth spores, and the other three with ornamented spores. Hypochnicium versatum must be included in Gloeohypochnicium, and the new combination Gloeohypochnicium versatum is proposed. Two new species, Hypochnicium michelii from Spain and Hypochnicium guineensis from Equatorial Guinea, are described.     

On the Megaspores of Four Species of Lepidostrobus

This paper is an account of the megaspores borne by four speciesof Carboniferous Lycopod cones, referred to the genus Lepidostrobus.The megaspores (assigned to the genus Triletes) have been knownisolated for more than twenty years, but the identities of theirparent cone species have not previously been established. Thisstudy suggests the limits of variation that can reasonably beallowed in a ‘spore species’. Three of the conespecies are emended in the light of their spore content, anda new species (Lepidostrobus allantonensis) is described. Usingthe megaspores as a diagnostic cone character, it has provedpossible to correlate a species of isolated cone (Lepidostrobusdudius Binney) with the tree which bore it (Lepidodendron smileKidst.). A cone previously attributed on doubtful evidence toBothrodendron is shown to bear megaspores indistinguishablefrom those of a species reliably attributed to Lepidodendron,suggesting that the attribution to Bothrodendron is incorrect.     

Spore morphology of pteridophytes from China Ⅲ. Thelypteridaceae 1. Cyclosorus Link.

Spore morphology of 51 species of Cyclosorus in the Thelypteridaceae from China was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The spores are monolete, bilaterosymmetric, ellipsoidal in polar view, and kidney-shaped in equatorial view. On the basis of the variation in their surface ornamentation, the spores fall into three main types. Type I: The surface of spores is echinate or perforate with fimbriate wings. 19 species belong to this type. Type Ⅱ: The surface of spores is cristate. 11 species belong to this type. Type Ⅲ: The surface of spores is echinulate. 10 species belong to this type. The remaining 11 species have spores with mixed surface ornamentation of the above three types, which are considered as intermediate types. The results are valuable for a better understanding of the taxonomy and palynology of the genus Cyclosorus.     

链霉菌科一菌株SIPI—297的分类学研究

在筛选免疫抑制剂的过程中,从江苏无锡土壤中分离出一株好气、中温的放线菌ＳＩＰＩ－２９７,革兰氏阳性,不抗酸。对小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化和小鼠白血病细胞有明显的抑制作用。该菌的主要特征为;在气丝上形成无分枝的生孢子气丝枝（轴丝）,由大多数５～７个孢子形成的孢子链密集着生于无分枝的生孢子气丝枝两侧,且孢子链顶端卷曲。基丝不断裂。细胞壁Ⅱ型,磷酸类脂Ⅱ型。醌ＭＫ－９（Ｈ４）。ＤＮＡＧ＋Ｃ含量为７４ｍｏｌ％。同以前所报道的相关菌属通过形态学、细胞化学、分子遗传学研究比较,发现均不同于所有已知菌属,与它们的ｒＤＮＡ相似性     

中国全缘孔菌属及新种

本文报道产于中国东北长白山的多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)全缘孔菌属(Haploporus)一新种,即苦味全缘孔菌(H.amarus zeng et Bai)。作者在文中还对全缘孔菌属及其模式种的建立,命名和属的概念进行了讨论。模式标本存于东北师范大学生物系植物标本室(HBNNu)。     

Mites are the most common vectors of the fungus Gondwanamyces proteae in Protea infructescences

Entomochoric spore dispersal is well-documented for most ophiostomatoid fungal genera, most of which are associated with bark or ambrosia beetles. Gondwanamyces spp. are unusual members of this group that were first discovered in the flower heads of the primitive angiosperm genus Protea, that is mostly restricted to the Cape Floristic region of Africa. In this study, we present the discovery of the vectors of Gondwanamyces proteae in Protea repens infructescences, which were identified using PCR, direct isolation, and light microscopy. Gondwanamyces proteae DNA and ascospores were identified on diverse lineages of arthropods including beetles (Euderes lineicolis and Genuchus hottentottus), bugs (Oxycarenus maculates), a psocopteran species and five mite (Acari) species. Based on isolation frequency, however, a mite species in the genus Trichouropoda appears to be the most common vector of G. proteae. Gondwanamyces spores were frequently observed within pit mycangia at the base of the legs of these mites. Manipulative experiments demonstrated the ability of mites to carry viable G. proteae spores whilst in transit on the beetle G. hottentottus and that these mites are able to transfer G. proteae spores to uncolonised substrates in vitro. Interestingly, this same mite species has also been implicated as vector of Ophiostoma spores on P. repens and belongs to the same genus of mites that vector Ophiostoma spp. associated with pine-infesting bark beetles in the Northern Hemisphere.     

On Chytridium braun,Diplochytridium N. G., and Canteria N. G. (Chytridiales)

Summary The operculate genus Chytridium Braun is emended and restricted to approximately 25 known species and several incompletely known members which lack an apophysis and develop much like species of Rhizophydium, insofar as the zoosporangium and absorbing or rhizoidal system are concerned, and form endobiotic or intramatrical resting spores. This interpretation corresponds fairly closely to Braun's diagnosis of the type species.A new genus, Diplochytridium, is established to segregate the former Chytridium species with an endobiotic or intramatrical apophysis or prosporangium and resting spores, which may develop sexually or asexually. Some of these species have a well-defined endo-exogenous alternation of growth and development in which the apophysis appears to function as a prosporangium. As interpreted here, Diplochytridium includes approximately 20 of the known species.Another new genus, Canteria, is created for a parasite of Mougeotia which Canter first described as a species of Phlyctidium but later found to develop endobiotic resting spores or zygospores by the fusion of conjugation tubes.