绵萆薢三萜皂苷类成分研究

为了解绵萆薢(Dioscorea spongiosa)的化学成分,从其70%乙醇水溶液提取物中分离鉴定了8个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析分别鉴定为:20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(1)、人参皂苷Rg1(2)、人参皂苷Re(3)、三七皂苷R1(4)、人参皂苷Rd(5)、人参皂苷Rb1(6)、常青藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(7)和木通皂苷D(8)。化合物1、2、3、5和6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物7和8为首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到。     

灵芝子实体中不同极性的三萜体外抗肿瘤及抗炎活性比较

为了解灵芝中不同极性三萜活性的差异,运用大孔树脂将灵芝总三萜根据极性大小进行分段,采用高效液相法分析各极性部分的HPLC指纹图谱和三萜含量,并比较其对不同肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用和抗炎活性。结果显示D-101大孔树脂可以有效地将灵芝总三萜分为中等极性和低极性两部分,两部分的三萜含量分别为(279.00±2.90)mg/g、(94.52±2.03)mg/g。其中,低极性三萜的体外抗肿瘤活性明显强于中等极性三萜,其对K562、SW620、L1210细胞增殖抑制的IC₅₀值分别为(74.12±1.94)μg/mL、(121.45±2.13)μg/mL、(13.52±1.13)μg/mL。另外,低极性三萜对RAW264.7细胞呼吸爆发的抑制作用也明显强于中等极性三萜。进一步对低极性三萜和中等极性三萜单体的抗炎活性进行比较,发现低极性三萜灵芝烯酸F、灵芝酸DM、灵芝醇B对RAW264.7细胞呼吸爆发的抑制作用明显强于极性较高的灵芝酸C₂、灵芝酸A。该研究阐明了灵芝子实体中不同极性三萜部位的抗肿瘤及抗炎活性并不相同,为将来新药开发和灵芝质量标准的改进建立了基础。     

牛至油体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的观察牛至油对肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度的牛至油对体外培养的多种肿瘤细胞株的生长抑制作用,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)。结果不同浓度牛至油作用后,人肝癌细胞系HepG2、人子宫颈癌细胞系JTC-26和肺癌细胞系A549出现增殖阻滞。MTT法确定牛至油对肝癌HepG2的IC50为118μg/ml;人子宫颈癌JTC-26的IC50为118μg/ml;肺癌A549的IC50为59μg/ml。结论牛至油具有体外抗肿瘤活性。     

三七二醇型皂苷元磺酰胺类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

本研究以三七二醇型皂苷为原料,通过琼斯氧化得到化合物1,再将化合物1的3位羰基经还原胺化反应转化为氨基得到化合物2,再用化合物2与磺酰氯类试剂反应得到化合物3~12,合成了11个未见文献报道的目标化合物,其结构均经过核磁共振、质谱确证。采用MTS法评价这些化合物对人白血病细胞株HL-60、肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721、肺癌细胞株A-549、乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、结肠癌细胞株SW480等肿瘤细胞株的抗肿瘤活性。药理活性评价结果显示,化合物9有一定的抗肿瘤活性,值得进一步研究。     

灵芝子实体和孢子粉三萜含量的测定及体外抗肿瘤活性的评价

目的测定灵芝子实体和破壁灵芝孢子粉中的三萜含量,并评价其醇提物的体外抗肿瘤活性。方法采用高氯酸显色法测定灵芝子实体和破壁灵芝孢子粉中的三萜含量,采用磺酰罗丹明B蛋白染色法(sulforhodamine B,SRB)评价灵芝子实体和破壁灵芝孢子粉醇提物对宫颈癌He La细胞、结肠癌HCT-116细胞和乳腺癌MCF-7-ADM细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果研究的灵芝子实体中三萜质量分数为0.92%,破壁灵芝孢子粉供试品中三萜质量分数实测值为2.95%,但是灵芝孢子粉中脂肪油对高氯酸显色法有极大的干扰,因此破壁灵芝孢子粉三萜的实测值可能远高于实际值。活性评价结果显示,灵芝子实体的醇提物在100μg/m L时,其对人宫颈癌He La细胞和乳腺癌MCF-7-ADM细胞表现出了较强的抑制作用,抑制率分别为94.54%和71.30%;对结肠癌HCT-116细胞表现出较弱的抑制作用,抑制率为20.68%。破壁灵芝孢子粉的醇提物在100μg/m L和10μg/m L时,其对宫颈癌He La细胞表现出了弱的抑制作用,对另外2种细胞系仅在100μg/m L时表现出较弱的抑制作用。结论灵芝子实体的醇提物含有三萜并具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,可以将其开发为辅助治疗癌症的药物或保健品。含有脂肪油的灵芝孢子粉直接采用高氯酸比色法测定会高估其三萜的含量,需要进一步开发准确、可行的测定方法。     

滇黄精中一个三萜皂苷的NMR研究

从滇黄精新鲜根茎中首次分离得到一个三萜皂苷,拟人参皂苷-F11。本文利用1D NMR和2D NMR对其碳、氢信号进行了全归属,并对文献中报道的碳谱数据进行了纠正。     

三萜皂苷的生物合成

异戊烯二磷酸在香叶二磷酸合成酶、法呢二磷酸合成酶、鲨烯合成酶和鲨烯环氧酶催化下合成2,3-氧化鲨烯,再经氧化鲨烯环化酶催化形成各种三萜类,三萜类经细胞色素P450、糖基转移酶和β-糖苷酶的修饰,形成各种类型的三萜皂苷。     

灵芝三萜合成调控与抗肿瘤药理活性的研究进展

三萜类化合物是灵芝的重要药效成分之一,是一类活性天然产物,不仅在保肝、护肾、降血糖、抗缺氧等方面有着重要的应用价值,而且还具有很好的抗肿瘤活性。现就灵芝三萜的发酵培养优化和抗肿瘤药理活性的研究进展进行综述,以期为酸性和中性灵芝三萜类化合物的研究及进一步开发相应抗癌药物提供科学基础。     

天花粉中总三萜皂苷的含量分析

目的:对天花粉中总三萜皂苷含量进行测定,为天花粉质量评价提供依据。方法:选用熊果酸为对照品,5%香草醛-冰醋酸和高氯酸为显色剂,以紫外分光光度法测定天花粉中总三萜皂苷的含量。结果:标品在16～48μg范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.9905)。样品在10～40min内稳定,加样回收率为97.22%,RSD=1.59。结论:该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏度高和重复性好,可用于天花粉及其相关产品的质量控制。     

三叶木通藤茎的三萜成分及其抗菌活性研究

为阐明三叶木通(Akebia trifoliata)藤茎的化学成分及其抗菌物质基础,采用正、反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱及半制备液相色谱等方法对其化学成分进行研究,从其乙醇提取物中得到9个三萜类化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据,其结构分别鉴定为stachlic acid A (1),齐墩果酸(2)、乌苏酸(3)、2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (4)、serratagenic acid (5)、gypsogenic acid (6)、20α-hydroxyl-29-noroleanolic acid (7)、mesembryanthemoidigenic acid (8)和12α-hydroxy-δ-lactone (9)。抗菌活性分析表明,化合物2和3对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和枯草芽胞杆菌有显著的抗菌活性,但对革兰氏阴性菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌无明显抑制作用。化合物3和7为首次从木通属中分离得到,化合物1、4、6和9为首次从该植物中分离获得。     

Triterpenoid saponins from Clematis chinensis and their inhibitory activities on NO production

Four new triterpenoid saponins, clematochinenoside H–K (1–4), and five known structures (5–9), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and hydrolysis products. All isolates were evaluated for inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 macrophages. Monodesmosidic saponins (1–3, 5, and 6) with a free carboxylic acid function at C-28 exhibited potent inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values in the range of 12.9–32.3 μM, where as bisdesmosidic saponin (4, and 7–9) showed modest inhibitory effects with the inhibition ratios (%) from 39.9 to 59.0 at 50 μM. In addition, the hydroxyl group at C-21 showed negative effect on the NO production inhibitory activity.     

Triterpenoid saponins from Schefflera arboricola

Nine triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schefflera arboricola. The saponins were characterised, on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] echinocystic acid, 3-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-alpha-L-ramnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid and 3-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-] beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester.     

Triterpenoid saponins from Meryta lanceolata

Four new oleanane-type saponins and a known one were isolated from the leaves and stems of Meryta lanceolata. The new saponins were characterised by spectroscopic means and chemical hydrolysis as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-6-O-acetyl glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]echinocystic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester. The NMR assignments were made by means of HOHAHA, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOE difference studies.     

Triterpenoid saponins from Oreopanax guatemalensis

Seven oleanane-type saponins were isolated from the leaves and stems of Oreopanax guatemalensis, together with ten known saponins of lupane and oleanane types. The new saponins were respectively characterized as 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3beta-hydroxy olean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl]ester, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]3beta-hydroxy olean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]3beta, 23 dihydroxy olean-18-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-6-O-acetyl glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2 )-]beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-]beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester. The structures were determined by spectral analyses. The NMR assignments were made by means of HOHAHA, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC spectra and NOE difference studies.     

Triterpenoid saponins from Impatiens siculifer

Triterpenoid saponins, impatienosides A-G, together with 12 known saponins, were isolated from the whole plants of Impatiens siculifer. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses coupled with chemical degradation. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated saponins were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines: human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, human stomach KATO-III adenocarcinoma, and human lung A549 adenocarcinoma.     

Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial parts of Trifolium argutum Sol. and their phytotoxic evaluation

Four triterpenoid saponins (1–4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Trifolium argutum Sol. (sharp-tooth clover) and their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Two of them are new compounds, characterized as 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-3β,24-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-22-oxo-29-oic acid (1) and 3-O-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-3β,24-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-22-oxo-29-oic acid (2). The occurrence of 3β,24-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-22-oxo-29-oic acid (melilotigenin) in its natural form is reported for the first time as a triterpenoid aglycone within Trifolium species. The phytotoxicity of compounds was evaluated on four STS at concentration 1 μM to 333 μM. Compound 1 was the most active, showing more than 60% inhibition on the root growth of L. sativa at the higher dose, with IC₅₀ (254.1 μM) lower than that of Logran^® (492.6 μM), a commercial herbicide used as positive control. The structure–activity relationships indicated that both aglycones and glycosidic parts may influence the phytotoxicity of saponins.     

珍珠菜属植物三帖类化合物研究进展

对珍珠菜属(Lysimachia)植物中已报道的三萜类化合物化学结构和生物活性研究进行了综述。本属中的三萜皂苷均以齐墩果烷型五环三萜为苷元基本骨架,根据皂苷元结构,可将皂苷分为13β,28-环氧-齐墩果烷型(Ⅰ型)和12-烯-齐墩果烷型(Ⅱ型),同时论述了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型皂苷元化学结构转换。     

New oleanane saponins from Schefflera kwangsiensis

Four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, schefflesides I–L (1–4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Schefflera kwangsiensis. Their structures were established as oleanolic acid 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2) [α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 4)]-β-d-(6-O-methyl) glucuronopyranoside (1), 22α-hydroxyoleanolic acid 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 4)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2), hederagenin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 4)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (3) and oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl ester (4) by spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical methods.