海南黎、苗、汉族扣手、交叉臂和惯用手的研究

调查了海南居住较为集中的黎、苗、汉族(共3 207人)扣手、交叉臂、惯用手等人类左右不对称行为特征。结果显示：(1)扣手、交手臂、惯用手三型3个民族的出现率均为R>L型,惯用手的R型出现率远较其他两型高,呈高度显著性差异,(P<0.01)。(2)扣手、交叉臂出现率与性别无关。(3)惯用手R型出现率苗族女性明显高于男性,差异显著(P<0.05)。三民族总和出现率为89.06％,是国内外属最低的。(4)扣手与交叉臂、扣手与惯用手,交叉臂与惯用手之间均具有相当明显的相关性。 Abstract：It was investigated that three types of many general indexes of anthrotogical genetics,which include hand-clasping、arm-folding and handedness,just among Li,Miao and Han nationalities in Hainan.There were 3207 people investigated in total.The results showed as follows:(1)The frequency of hand?clasping,arm-folding and handedness is far higher than others(P<0.01).(2) It was proved that there was no signilicant difference between male and female in the frequency of either hand-clasping or arm-floding.(3)It was obvious that the frequency of type R handedness in female of Miao nationality was higher than in male.And the difference was much clear(P<0.05).The total frequency of handedness was about 89.06 percent,which was the lowest rate as far as we known.(4)There was correlation among handedness and hand?clasping,handedness and arm-folding andhand-clasping and arm-folding respectively.     

兴安盟3个民族10对性状的基因频率

调查了内蒙古兴安盟汉、蒙古、朝鲜族的10对遗传性状,并计算了各民族每一性状的基因频率,同时也进行了民族间基因频率的比较。比较结果显示:汉族－朝鲜族间差异较大,蒙古族－朝鲜族间次之,汉族－蒙古族间差异较小。 Abstract：Ten genetic traits were investigated in Han,Mongol and Chaoxian nationalities in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia.The gene frequency of the traits was calculated in each nationality and compared between the nationalities.The result indicated that the difference of gene frequency between Han and Chaoxian nationalities was significant,followed by between Mongol and Chaoxian ones,whileit was relatively insignificant between Han and Mongol ones.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族一侧优势功能特征研究

报道了鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族7项一侧优势功能特征(扣手、利手、叠臂、叠腿、起步类型、优势足、优势眼)。结果显示,3个民族7项特征的左右型分布规律有较多的相似之处,绝大多数特征与性别无关。鄂温克族和达斡尔族的利手与叠腿、优势足、起步类型间均具明显关联,其腿足特征间的相关程度亦优于手臂特征。鄂伦春族则不然。 Abstract:Authors reported 7 traits of lateral functional dominance including hand clasping,handedness,arm folding,leg folding,stride type,foot preference and eye preference in Oroqen,Ewenki and Daur nationalities.The results showed as follws;(1)Among three nationalities their left and right distributive patterns of the traits had many similarities and there was no relation between most traits and sexes.(2)There were obvious corelations between handedness and leg folding,handedness and foot preference,handedness and stride type in Eweike and Daur nationalities.Compared with the traits of leg-foot with interrelation,the traits of hand-arm had little degree on correlation in Ewenki and Daur.(3)There was correlation between eye preference and hand clasping but no relation between handedness and hand clasping.     

新疆四个民族八对遗传性状的基因频率

在调查新疆维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜、塔吉克族8对遗传性状的基础上分别计算出8对遗传性状在上述4个民族中的基因频率, 并进行了4个民族之间基因频率的比较。比较结果表明:塔吉克与其他3个民族之间基因频率的差异显著,而哈族与柯族之间的差异不显著。 Abstract:Acoording to the investigation of eight pairs of genetic traits among four minorities in Xinjiang (Uygur,Kazak,Kirgiz and Tajik),the gene frequencies of these traits were respectively calculated and compared.The results indicated that the difference of gene frequencies between Tajik and other three populations significant,while it is insignificant between kazak and Kirgiz.     

Index selection on seed traits under direct, cytoplasmic and maternal effects in multiple environments

Crop seeds are important sources of protein, oil, and carbohydrates for food, animal feeds, and industrial products. Recently, much attention has been paid to quality and functional properties of crop seeds. However, seed traits possess some distinct genetic characteristics in comparison with plant traits, which increase the difficulty of genetically improving these traits. In this study, diallel analysis for seed models with genotype by environment interaction （GE） effect was applied to estimate the variance-covariance components of seed traits. Mixed linear model approaches were used to estimate the genetic covariances between pair-wise seed and plant traits. The breeding values （BV） were divided into two categories for the seed models. The first category of BV was defined as the combination of direct additive, cytoplasmic, and maternal additive effects, which should be utilized for selecting stable cultivars over multi-environments. The three genetic effects, together with their GE interaction, were included in the second category of BV for selecting special lines to be grown in specific ecosystems. Accordingly, two types of selection indices for seed traits, i.e., general selection index and interaction selection index, were developed and constructed on the first and the second category BV, respectively. These proposed selection indices can be applied to solve the difficult task of simultaneously improving multiple seed traits in various environments. Data of crop seeds with regard to four seed traits and four yield traits based on the modified diallel crosses in Upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） were used as an example for demonstrating the proposed methodology.     

利手、优势足及扣手的遗传方式初探

采用Slater区分单基因和多基因遗传的计算模式及Smith无偏分析方法对21个家系资料的分析表明：利手、优势足、扣手特征均为常染色体单基因显性遗传,R型为显性性状。虽然环境因素对这类特征的表现也有一定的影响,但遗传因素仍起主要作用。 Abstract:The data of 21 families were analyzed by the method of Slater's calculating model to differentiate between single-gene and multi-gene heredity and by the method of non-deviation analysis.The results showed that the hereditary mode of handedness or preferential foot or hand-clasping is the dominant heredity of single gene of autosome,and the right type of all of them is the dominant character.In a way,although environmental factors affected the phenotypes of these characters,hereditary factors were also the decisive ones.     

内蒙古三个民族舌运动类型的遗传学研究

调查了内蒙古汉、蒙古、回族舌运动类型(卷舌、翻舌、叠舌、三叶舌与尖舌),共716例。研究结果显示:各种舌运动类型出现率性别间均无显著性差异;卷舌基因分别与叠、翻、尖、三叶舌基因间存在着互相作用关系,卷舌基因对叠舌基因是隐性上位基因,对翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌基因是修饰基因;内蒙古3个民族间卷、叠、尖舌出现率接近。本文首次调查并研究了尖舌性状。尖舌在过去国内外文献中未见报道。 Abstract:The tongue moving types(including tongue rolling,tongue twisting,tongue folding,clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue)of 716 cases of Han,Mongol and Hui nationalities in Inner Mongolia were investigated.The results showed that no difference in the frequencies of various tongue moving types between male and female and that the frequencies of rolling,folding and pointed tongue were close to each other among the three nationalities of Inner Mongolia.However,some interactions between genes were revealed,that the rolling gene is a recessive epistatic gene to folding gene and a modifier gene to twisting,pointed and clover-leaf gene respectively.The research on pointed tongue in this paper has never been reported in China and abroad.     

内蒙古5个民族12对性状的基因频率

报道了内蒙古地区鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔、蒙古族和汉族12对遗传性状的基因频率,并进行民族间基因频率的比较。结果显示：内眦褶性状的民族间差异较大,叠舌性状次之,利手和鼻梁侧面观性状的民族间差异较小。 Abstract:The gene frequency of 12 characters was reported in Ewenki,Oroqen,Daur,Mongol and Han nationalities in Inner Mongolia,and compared among these nationalities.The result indicated that the difference of Mongoloid fold among nationalities was significant,followed by the Folding tongue,while the difference of Handedness and Nasal profile was relatively insignificant.