一种抗AIV共有独特型抗体具有AIV血凝素分子的内影象

用纯化的鸡抗禽流感病毒(AIV)IgG作免疫原,通过单克隆抗体技术制备出1株分泌针对鸡抗AIV和兔抗AIV共有独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞。竞争抑制试验、特异性检验和诱导产生血凝抑制抗体的功能实验证明,此抗体具有AIV血凝素分子的内影象。     

共表达H5N1、H7N1亚型AIV HA与鸡IL-18多价重组鸡痘病毒免疫保护性研究

用本实验室构建的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA,经翼蹼免疫1日龄SPF鸡和7日龄商品Leghorn蛋鸡,同时以H5亚型AIV全病毒灭活疫苗作为对照.免疫后测定HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞转化指标、重组疫苗对增重的影响、免疫后的攻毒保护效力、免疫后的抑制排毒情况.免疫后不同时间分别测定特异性抗体和淋巴细胞刺激指数.试验结果表明,3株重组鸡痘病毒株均能诱导鸡体产生血凝抑制抗体(HI);共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV H5HA-H7HA-IL18诱导商品蛋鸡的细胞免疫水平明显高于非共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA.重组鸡痘疫苗免疫SPF和商品蛋鸡后第21d进行攻毒实验,rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫攻毒保护率达10/10,rFPV-H5HA免疫攻毒保护率达9/10,与常规疫苗相当.免疫的商品蛋鸡于攻毒后7d采集泄殖腔棉试子样品,检测排毒情况.结果表明,rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组在攻毒后第7d无排毒,其抑制免疫鸡排毒效果优于常规疫苗和单独表达HA的rFPV-H5HA重组鸡痘病毒.rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组鸡,在14日龄时的体重明显高于rFPV-H5HA免疫组和常规疫苗对照免疫组,表明共表达的鸡IL-18能降低鸡痘病毒载体对雏鸡增重的影响.     

共表达H5N1、H7N1亚型AIV HA与鸡IL-18多价重组鸡痘病毒免疫保护性研究

用本实验室构建的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA,经翼蹼免疫1日龄SPF鸡和7日龄商品Leghorn蛋鸡,同时以H5亚型AIV全病毒灭活疫苗作为对照.免疫后测定HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞转化指标、重组疫苗对增重的影响、免疫后的攻毒保护效力、免疫后的抑制排毒情况.免疫后不同时间分别测定特异性抗体和淋巴细胞刺激指数.试验结果表明,3株重组鸡痘病毒株均能诱导鸡体产生血凝抑制抗体（HI）;共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV H5HA-H7HA-IL18诱导商品蛋鸡的细胞免疫水平明显高于非共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA.重组鸡痘疫苗免疫SPF和商品蛋鸡后第21d进行攻毒实验,rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫攻毒保护率达10/10,rFPV-H5HA免疫攻毒保护率达9/10,与常规疫苗相当.免疫的商品蛋鸡于攻毒后7d采集泄殖腔棉试子样品,检测排毒情况.结果表明,rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组在攻毒后第7d无排毒,其抑制免疫鸡排毒效果优于常规疫苗和单独表达HA的rFPV-H5HA重组鸡痘病毒.rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组鸡,在14日龄时的体重明显高于rFPV-H5HA免疫组和常规疫苗对照免疫组,表明共表达的鸡IL-18能降低鸡痘病毒载体对雏鸡增重的影响.     

表达H5亚型AIV血凝素的重组NDV构建及免疫原性

利用反向遗传技术获得表达H5亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)血凝素(HA)的新城疫病毒(NDV)。克隆NDV clone 30的全长基因,通过在NDV的融合蛋白基因和血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)基因之间插入编码高致病性AIV分离株A/chicken/italy/8/98(H5N2)的血凝素基因开放阅读框从而获得两株重组新城疫病毒NDVH5和NDVH5m。NDVH5感染的细胞可以检测到两种HA转录产物。对于重组病毒NDVH5m,NDV位于HA ORF的转录终止信号序列被沉默突变消除,产生2.7个全长HA转录产物的折叠,从而使修饰过的HA得到稳定地高表达。1日龄小鸡的脑内接种证实了两种重组病毒均无致病性。鸡群在NDVH5m诱导产生的NDV和H5亚型AIV HA特异性抗体的免疫力下能够免于致死剂量的NDV与高致病性AIV的感染。血清学研究结果表明NDVH5m免疫鸡群产生的抗体可结合NP蛋白抗体的检测从而用于区分免疫和感染AIV的动物。因此,NDVH5m重组病毒可作为抗NDV和AIV的"二联疫苗",也可成为控制AJ的标记疫苗。     

鸭源H9N2AIV血凝素基因序列比较

为明确国内外鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)血凝素基因(hemagglutinin,HA)的遗传进化关系、血凝素蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸结构特征和血凝素蛋白受体结合位点的氨基酸变异特征,本研究选取GenBank中登录鸭源H9N2亚型AIV HA基因,通过MEGA4.1进行比对和分析,并绘制其遗传进化树。结果表明,鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在遗传进化上分为2大谱系:即Ck-Bj-1-94-like和North-Ame-like,中国大陆鸭源H9N2亚型AIV和亚欧美其它国家鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在遗传进化上分居完全不同的谱系,相互之间遗传进化关系较远。从血凝素受体结合位点看,亚欧美国家鸭源H9N2亚型AIV在第183、190和226位点的氨基酸均为鸭源AIV经典H、E和Q,且高度保守。但中国大陆地区H9N2亚型AIV第183位为N;第190位为A or V or T,与中国大陆鸡源H9N2亚型AIV一致;第226位中国鸭源H9N2亚型AIV有相当一部分为L,且近年福建省H9N2亚型AIV分离株在此处均为L。提示我们,中国大陆地区H9N2亚型AIV鸭鸡和鸡鸭相互交叉感染较为普遍。     

表达H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的重组鸡痘病毒及其免疫效力

以RTPCR法扩增获得H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)分离株(A/Chicken/China/F/1998)的血凝素(HA)基因,将其定向插入鸡痘病毒转移载体1175的痘苗病毒启动子P75的下游,得到重组转移载体1175HA。以脂质体转染法将1175HA转染至已感染鸡痘病毒282E4疫苗株(wtFPV)的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中,通过在含Xgal的营养琼脂上连续挑选蓝色病毒蚀斑获得并纯化rFPVHA。以间接免疫荧光法证实感染rFPVHA的CEF表达了HA。rFPVHA在免疫7日龄SPF鸡7天后即能诱生可检出的血凝抑制(HI)抗体,14天后诱生的HI抗体到达高峰,且诱生的HI抗体保持较高水平达55天。在7日龄SPF鸡及含抗FPV母源抗体的商品鸡上进行的免疫效力试验表明,rFPVＨＶ能显著抑制静脉攻毒后免疫鸡从泄殖腔的排毒,效果与AIV全病毒灭活苗相当。     

表达H9亚型禽流感流毒血凝素基因的重组鸡痘病毒及其免疫效力

以RT－PCR法扩增获得H9亚型禽流感病毒（AIV）分离株（A／Chicken/China/F/1998)的血凝素（HA）基因,将其定向插入鸡痘病毒转移载体1175的痘苗病毒启动子P7．5的下游,得到重组转移载体1175HA,以脂质体转染法将1175HA转染至已感染鸡痘病毒282E4疫苗株（wt-FPV)的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）中,通过在含X－gal的营养琼脂上连续挑选蓝色病毒蚀斑获得并纯化rFPV-HA,以间接免疫荧光法证实感染rFPV-HA的CEF表达了HA,rFPV-HA在免疫7日SPF鸡7天后即能诱生可检出的血凝抑制（HI）抗体,14天后诱生的HI抗体能达到高峰,且诱生的HI抗体保护较高水平达55天,在7日龄SPF鸡及含抗FPV母源抗体的商品鸡上进行了免疫效力试验表明,rPV-HV能显著抑制静脉攻毒后免疫鸡从泄殖腔的排毒,效果与AIV全病毒灭活苗相当。     

禽呼肠孤病毒感染对鸡法氏囊及免疫应答的影响

研究LY株禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)感染1日龄SPF鸡后对法氏囊发育影响,对传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)疫苗免疫诱发的抗体的影响,及对强毒株IBDV致病作用的影响。结果表明,LY株ARV感染1日龄SPF鸡可引起法氏囊萎缩和部分淋巴细胞减少,但对增重及AIV和NDV疫苗免疫后抗体滴度却没有显著影响。ARV感染可降低弱毒IBDV疫苗免疫后的抗体反应,但对随后IBDV强毒株攻毒的抵抗力却与对照鸡无显著差异。经IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫后,再接种强毒株IBDV,不会引起死亡,但却仍能显著抑制对AIV、NDV疫苗免疫后的抗体滴度。然而,对于1~7日龄经ARV感染的鸡,IBDV强毒的这种免疫抑制作用又显著低于未经ARV感染的对照鸡。     

H9N2型禽流感病毒核蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的:利用大肠杆菌表达H9N2禽流感病毒(AIV)核蛋白(NP)与GST的融合蛋白并分离纯化,进行动物免疫制备多克隆抗体。方法:根据AIV NP基因序列设计引物,将已经获得的NP基因定向克隆到GST融合原核表达载体pGEX-KG并转化大肠杆菌,在IPTG诱导下获得高效表达。经谷胱甘肽层析柱分离纯化蛋白,制备抗原免疫家兔,得到pGEX-KG-NP多克隆抗体。结果:SDS-PAGE分析显示融合表达蛋白GST-NP相对分子质量约82 000,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%。Western-blot和ELISA检测结果表明,重组NP能与鸡抗AIV抗体发生明显的抗原抗体反应。自制的多克隆抗体能特异地与NP相互作用,可用于AIV病原诊断。结论:获得了NP基因的高效表达产物;制备了效价和特异性良好的抗重组NP多克隆抗体。经实验验证表达产物具有活性,多克隆抗体效价高,特异性强,为AIV病原诊断试剂的研发奠定了基础。     

我国H7N2亚型禽流感病毒CK/HB/1/02株分离鉴定

从鸡组织中获得了一株分离物,能凝集鸡红细胞,经负染后电镜观察可见球形、外被囊膜的病毒颗粒,直径约90～100nm;经血凝抑制和神经氨酸酶抑制试验鉴定为H7N2亚型禽流感病毒(Avian in fluenza virus,AIV),命名为A/Chicken/Hebei/1/2002(H7N2)(简称CK/HB/1/02).将该病毒接种SPF鸡,测得静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)为0.00,剖检可见实验鸡多种组织器官有出血性变化,判为低致病力AIV;接种后7d从实验鸡泄殖腔棉拭中回收到病毒,并在血清中检测到H7亚型AIV抗体.经RT-PCR扩增了病毒HA1基因片段(约1.1kb),测定其核苷酸序列并与GenBank中的序列比较.结果表明,该病毒的HA1基因序列与AIV标准株A/Afri.Star./Eng Q/79(H7N1)的HA1基因同源性最高,为99.4%;与以色列和意大利H7N2AIV的同源性较高,为96.8%～98.2%;与美国H7N2病毒的同源性很低,约为81.0%;其HA裂解位点的氨基酸序列为KGR-GLF-,符合低致病力AIV的特征.     

禽流感血凝素基因的原核表达及其在H9亚型诊断中的应用

根据H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因序列设计并合成引物 ,从本室分离并保存的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒中扩增了预计约 16 83bp的血凝素基因 ,将此扩增产物克隆进pMD18-T载体 ,限制性酶切及序列测定后 ,进一步将其亚克隆到pGEX-KG中 ,与GST蛋白融合表达。SDS-PAGE和Western印迹表明缺失信号肽后的HA基因在大肠杆菌中获得了表达 ,表达产物具有免疫学活性 ,融合蛋白的分子量约为 90kD,位于包涵体中。包涵体经变性、复性处理 ,利用复性产物作为抗原包被酶标板建立了检测H9亚型禽流感抗体ELISA方法。结果表明应用HA重组蛋白作为诊断H9亚型禽流感抗原具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的特点 ,可用于H9亚型禽流感抗体的检测。     

双色荧光多重PCR技术及在禽流感病毒检测中的应用

为快速检测7种亚型禽流感病毒,对引物进行双色荧光标记,建立双色荧光多重PCR(DFM-PCR)方法,通过运用DFM-PCR可一次检测出7种禽流感病毒亚型。此方法为应用于病毒或病原等一些要求快速、高通量的检测领域打下基础,而且为禽流感病毒检测以及其他种类病毒等病原检测提供了一种新型方法。     

Regulation of the human apolipoprotein AIV gene expression in transgenic mice

The apolipoprotein (Apo) AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster has a complex pattern of gene expression that is modulated by both gene- and cluster-specific cis-acting elements. In particular the regulation of Apo AIV expression has been previously studied in vivo and in vitro including several transgenic mouse lines but a complete, consistent picture of the tissue-specific controls is still missing. We have analysed the role of the Apo AIV 3' flanking sequences in the regulation of gene expression using both in vitro and in vivo systems including three lines of transgenic mice. The transgene consisted of a human fragment containing 7 kb of the 5' flanking region, the Apo AIV gene itself and 6 kb of the 3' flanking region (-7+6 Apo AIV). Accurate analysis of the Apo AIV mRNA levels using quantitative PCR and Northern blots showed that the 7+6 kb Apo AIV fragment confers liver-specific regulation in that the human Apo AIV transgene is expressed at approximately the same level as the endogenous mouse Apo AIV gene. In contrast, the intestinal regulation of the transgene did not follow, the pattern observed with the endogenous gene although it produced a much higher intestinal expression following the accepted human pattern. Therefore, this animal model provides an excellent substrate to design therapeutic protocols for those metabolic derangements that may benefit from variations in Apo AIV levels and its anti-atherogenic effect.     

Structure, evolution, and tissue-specific synthesis of human apolipoprotein AIV

Apolipoprotein AIV (apoAIV) is a protein of the lipid transport system found associated with chylomicrons, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the lipoprotein-free fraction of the plasma. The gene coding for the human apoAIV is closely linked with the genes coding for apolipoproteins AI (apoAI) and CIII (apoCIII). In this paper a nearly full-length apoAIV cDNA clone has been isolated by screening an adult human liver DNA library using a human apoAIV gene probe. In-frame translation of the cDNA sequence in this clone indicated that the human apoAIV consists of 396 amino acid residues including a 20 residue long signal peptide. The coding region of this cDNA sequence contains 15 nucleotide repeats, 11 of which code for amino acid repeats with potentials of forming amphipathic helices. Alignment and comparison of the human and rat apoAIV amino acid sequences indicated a five-residue deletion near the carboxy terminus of the rat protein. This comparison also indicated that these proteins are 61.8% homologous, suggesting that the rate of evolution of apoAIV is 65 accepted point mutations (PAMs) per 100 residues per 100 million years. The rates of evolution of certain amino acid repeats in apoAIV are higher than the rate of evolution of the entire protein. However, the corresponding, computer-generated, secondary structures and hydropathy profiles of these repeats are very similar between the human and rat apoAIV. The relative steady-state levels of apoAIV mRNA in various human and monkey tissues were determined by hybridization blotting analysis of total RNA from these tissues using a human apoAIV cDNA probe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Functional characterization of human recombinant apolipoprotein AIV produced in Escherichia coli

Apolipoprotein AIV (apoAIV), a protein which is known to activate the enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, to bind to apoAI/AII receptor sites and also to promote cholesterol efflux from adipose cells, may play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. In this report, the high-level production of soluble recombinant mature human apoAIV (isoform 1) in Escherichia coli is described. The recombinant protein was purified by avoiding lipid extraction or denaturation. The apoAIV preparation was analysed by its reactivity with antibodies raised against human apoAIV, SDS-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and N-terminal sequencing. The purified recombinant protein retains an extra methionine at the N-terminus. Purified recombinant and natural apoAIV proteins were indistinguishable with regard to their denaturation properties, thermo-stability or their fluorescence emission properties in the presence of various quantities of a quenching agent. Complexes of ApoAIV with L-alpha-dimyristoyl-glycerophosphocholine (Myr2GroPCho), glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho), or L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerophosphocholine (PamOleGroPCho) prepared from plasmatic and from recombinant apoAIV proteins have similar densities as revealed by analytical centrifugation. They also share the same cofactor properties for the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction. Recombinant apoAIV complex with Myr2GroPCho was also able to bind to the same apoAI/AII receptor sites and to promote cholesterol efflux to an equal extent from adipose cells. It is concluded that the recombinant protein is functionally identical to the plasmatic apoAIV and may therefore be very useful in helping to elucidate the physiological role of apoAIV.     

禽流感病毒NP蛋白与T4噬菌体SOC蛋白的融合表达

利用PCR技术扩增禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)NP基因。将NP基因克隆至T4噬菌体表达质粒pSOC的SOC基因(T4噬菌体表面非结构蛋白基因)下游,构建成T4噬菌体SOC位点表达NP的表达载体pSOC-NP。将其转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后表达的目的蛋白SOC-NP进行SDS-PAGE与Western-blot方法检测。结果表明,表达的SOC-NP蛋白相对分子质量约58kD,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的20.34%,并具有与AIV特异性抗体反应的活性。     

It is not just AIV: From avian to swine-origin influenza virus

<正>In March and early April 2009,a new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) emerged in Mexico and the United States. The virus spreads worldwide by human-to-human transmission.     

Effect of leptin on intestinal apolipoprotein AIV in response to lipid feeding

We determined apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV) content in intestinal epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry when leptin was administered intravenously. Most of the apo AIV immunoreactivity in the untreated intestine was located in the villous cells as opposed to the crypt cells. Regional distribution of apo AIV immunostaining revealed low apo AIV content in the duodenum and high content in the jejunum that gradually decreases caudally toward the ileum. Intraduodenal infusion of lipid (4 h) significantly increased apo AIV immunoreactivity in the jejunum and ileum. Simultaneous intravenous leptin infusion plus duodenal lipid infusion markedly suppressed apo AIV immunoreactivity. Duodenal lipid infusion increased plasma apo AIV significantly (measured by ELISA), whereas simultaneous leptin infusion attenuated the increase. These findings suggest that leptin may regulate circulating apo AIV by suppressing apo AIV synthesis in the small intestine.     

Intestinal satiety protein apolipoprotein AIV is synthesized and regulated in rat hypothalamus

Apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV) is a satiety protein secreted by the small intestine. We demonstrate for the first time that apo AIV protein and apo AIV mRNA are present in rat hypothalamus, a site intimately involved in the integration of signals for regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. We further characterized the regulation of hypothalamic apo AIV mRNA levels. Food-deprived animals showed a pronounced decrease in gene expression of apo AIV in the hypothalamus, with a concomitant decrease in the jejunum. Refeeding fasted rats with standard laboratory chow for 4 h evokes a significant increase of apo AIV mRNA in jejunum but not in hypothalamus. However, lipid refeeding to the fasted animals restored apo AIV mRNA levels both in hypothalamus and jejunum. Intracerebroventricular administration of apo AIV antiserum not only stimulated feeding, but also decreased apo AIV mRNA level in the hypothalamus. These data further confirm the central role of apo AIV in the regulation of food intake.