Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex of the cat 30 to 60 minutes after anoxia

The ultrastructural changes in the cat sensorimotor cortex during 30- to 60-minute recovery after a 2.5- to 6-minute anoxia have been studied. The most prominent changes were hypertrophy of Golgi apparatus, reorganization of the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (including the formation of lamellar bodies), increase of the number of lysosomes within nerve cell bodies, formation of deep invaginations of the neuronal cytoplasm into the nucleus, intensification of endocytosis and phagocytosis in the dendrites, appearance of the ultrastructural heterogeneity of the synapses (from normal synapses to depleted ones), normalization of ultrastructure of the part of mitochondrial pool. Glycogen granules were revealed in glial cell processes. The ultrastructural changes after a 6-minute anoxia followed by a 30- to 60-minute recovery were more expressed than after a 2.5-minute one.     

Recovery effects of hyperoxic gas inhalation or contrast water immersion on the postexercise cytokine response, perceptual recovery, and next day exercise performance

The effect of different recovery modalities on the postexercise cytokine response, perceptual recovery, and subsequent day athletic performance were investigated. Eight highly trained athletes completed 3 swimming sessions consisting of 20 × 200 m efforts, in a counterbalanced repeated-measures design. At the conclusion of each session, athletes undertook a 30-minute recovery intervention of contrast water therapy (CWT), supplemental oxygen (HYP), or passive rest (CON). Venous blood samples were analyzed for levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the pre-, post-, and 30-minute postswim time points, and a rating of perceived recovery was recorded at the conclusion of the 30-minute intervention and upon returning to the pool 12 hour later. Finally, a 200-m swim time trial was completed as a measure of next day performance. The results showed that there was a significant increase in IL-6 at the completion of exercise, which persisted after 30 minutes of recovery (p < 0.05), with no differences evident between the groups. Additionally, the perception of recovery after the 30-minute intervention was significantly lower in the CON when compared with the CWI and HYP (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the 12-hour postrecovery time trial performances. These results suggest that a 30-minute recovery intervention using CWT or HYP has limited influence on the acute-phase response or on improving subsequent day athletic performance. However, strength and conditioning specialists should encourage the use of a structured postexercise recovery procedure because the evidence suggests that the acute perception of recovery is much greater when some form of intervention is implemented in comparison with no recovery procedure at all.     

Effect of recovery interval on multiple-bout sprint cycling performance after acute creatine supplementation

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying recovery intervals on multiple-bout, short-duration, high-intensity cycling efforts of adult men supplemented with creatine (Cr) or a placebo (Pl). Thirty subjects underwent 3 trials of a maximal cycling protocol (T(0), T(1), T(2)). T(0) included V(O)2 max testing and familiarization with the sprint cycling protocol. T(1) consisted of 8 15-second bouts of sprint cycling exercise. Subjects were randomly assigned to recovery interval groups (1 minute, 3 minutes, 6 minutes), and Cr or Pl groups (0.3 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)). Posttesting (T(2)) took place 7 days after T(1) and consisted of an identical protocol as during T(1). Changes in mean power (MP), peak power (PP), and fatigue index (FI) were compared between trials. MP was significantly increased in Cr 1-minute, Cr 3-minute, and Pl 6-minute groups (p < 0.05). Significant PP increases were demonstrated in Cr 1-minute and Pl 6-minute groups (p < 0.05), and FI significantly increased in Pl 1-minute group (p < 0.05). Results indicate that Cr supplementation is effective in improving recovery from repeated sprint cycling performances when the recovery interval is of a short (<6 minutes) duration.     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马脑片缺氧无糖损伤的保护作用:线粒体KATP通道的作用

利用离体海马脑片缺氧无糖(oxygen-glucose deprivation,OGD)损伤模型,探讨七氟醚预处理对神经细胞的保护作用及该作用与线粒体内膜ATP敏感钾通道(mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels,mitoKATPchannels)的关系,随机将脑片用2%、4%、6%七氟醚,以及6%七氟醚复合mitoKATP通道阻滞剂5-羟基奎酸盐(5-hydroxydecanoic acid,5-HD)预处理30 min,观察OGD损伤14 min复氧1 h期间顺向群峰电位(orthodromic population spike,OPS)的变化,并应用透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的改变.结果表明,与单纯OGD组相比,七氟醚预处理可使海马脑片OPS消失时间明显延长(P＜0.01),使OPS明显恢复,其中4%、6%七氟醚组的恢复率均为71.4%(P＜0.05 vs OGD),相应恢复程度为(61.0±42.3)%和(78.7±21.1)%(P＜0.01),而且6%七氟醚的保护作用可被5-HD取消.OGD组的海马CA1区锥体细胞明显水肿,核膜皱缩、破裂,染色质聚集,线粒体肿胀畸形,嵴断裂或消失,而4%和6%七氟醚组仅见海马CA1区锥体细胞轻度水肿,核膜皱缩不明显,染色质均匀,线粒体轻度肿胀.结果提示,七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马脑片OGD损伤有一定的保护作用,且七氟醚对神经细胞的保护作用与激活mitoKATP通道有关.     

Do compression garments enhance the active recovery process after high-intensity running?

Lovell, DI, Mason, DG, Delphinus, EM, and McLellan, CP. Do compression garments enhance the active recovery process after high-intensity running? J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3264-3268, 2011-This study examined the effect of wearing waist-to-ankle compression garments (CGs) on active recovery after moderate- and high-intensity submaximal treadmill running. Twenty-five male semiprofessional rugby league players performed two 30-minute treadmill runs comprising of six 5-minute stages at 6 km·h, 10 km·h, approximately 85% VO(2)max, 6 km·h as a recovery stage followed by approximately 85% VO(2)max and 6 km·h wearing either CGs or regular running shorts in a randomized counterbalanced order with each person acting as his own control. All stages were followed by 30 seconds of rest during which a blood sample was collected to determine blood pH and blood lactate concentration [La]. Expired gases and heart rate (HR) were measured during the submaximal treadmill tests to determine metabolic variables with the average of the last 2 minutes used for data analysis. The HR and [La] were lower (p ≤ 0.05) after the first and second 6 km·h recovery bouts when wearing CGs compared with when wearing running shorts. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher and [La] lower (p ≤ 0.05) after the 10 km·h stage, and only RER was higher after both 85% VO(2)max stages when wearing CGs compared with when wearing running shorts. There was no difference in blood pH at any exercise stage when wearing the CGs and running shorts. The results of this study indicate that the wearing of CGs may augment the active recovery process in reducing [La] and HR after high-intensity exercise but not effect blood pH. The ability to reduce [La] and HR has important consequences for many sports that are intermittent in nature and consist of repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with periods of low-intensity exercise or recovery.     

Effects of a heart rate-based recovery period on hormonal, neuromuscular, and aerobic performance responses during 7 weeks of strength training in men

The purpose of this study was to compare hormonal, neuromuscular, and aerobic performance changes between a constant 2-minute interset recovery time and an interset recovery time based on individual heart rate (HR) responses during a 7-week (3 sessions per week, 3 × 10 repetition maximum [RM]) hypertrophic strength training period. The HR-dependent recovery time was determined with a Polar FT80 HR monitor, whereas the control groups used constant 2-minute periods between sets. From 24 male subjects who were divided in 2 equal groups, 21 completed the study (FT80, n = 12; CONTROL, n = 9). Serum blood samples analyzed for testosterone (TES) and cortisol (COR) were taken before and after the 7-week training period at rest. Concentric knee extension 1RM was measured before, after 4 weeks, and at the end of the training period. Concentric knee extension and knee flexion 10RM, central activation ratio (CAR), and maxVO2 were measured before and after the training. Serum TES concentrations were significantly higher after the training period in FT80 (p < 0.001), whereas no significant changes were observed in the CONTROL. Serum COR and maxVO2 were unchanged in both groups. In FT80 (p < 0.001), the increase in 10RM was higher (p < 0.05) than in CONTROL (p < 0.001). Central activation ratio increased in both groups, with the significant increase observed in FT80 (p < 0.05). The higher TES responses, 10RM, and CAR development in FT80 suggest that an HR-based recovery period system of the FT80 may be more efficient in this type of hypertrophic strength training (3 × 10RM). The protocol in this study may be considered as a metabolic training cycle that coaches and trainers can use within a longer periodized training program.     

Inhibition of the glucose induced insulin release by somatostatin in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Action of cyclic AMP, glucagon and glibenclamide.

Insulin release in the perfused isolated rat pancreas was measured after stimulation with 16.5 mM glucose with and without somatostatin (cycle form, 100 ng/ml) in the medium. A complete blockage of the typical biphasic pattern of insulin release ocurred with somatostatin in the medium. Such blockage was abolished when cAMP (2.5 mM) and a 0.5 ml solution of glucagon (1 mg/ml) were continuously perfused for 20-minute periods and for 30-second periods correspondently. It did not take place when glibenclamide (HB-419) was perfused for a 20-minute period at a rate of 10 mug/ml. The results suggest that the adenylcyclase dependent mechanisms of glucose-induced insulin release are involved in the inhibition of the glucose-induced insulin secretion by somatostatin.     

Alternative to traditional stretching methods for flexibility enhancement in well-trained combat athletes: local vibration versus whole-body vibration

This study aimed to compare the effect of local vibration (LV) and whole body vibration (WBV) on lower body flexibility and to assess whether vibration treatments were more effective than traditionally used static and dynamic stretching methods. Twenty-four well-trained male combat athletes (age: 22.7 ± 3.3 years) performed four exercise protocols – LV (30 Hz, 4 mm), WBV (30 Hz, 4 mm), static stretching (SS), and dynamic stretching (DS) – in four sessions of equal duration 48 hours apart in a randomized, balanced order. During a 15-minute recovery after each protocol, subjects performed the stand and reach test (S&R) at the 15th second and the 2^nd, 4^th, 6^th, 8^th, 10^th and 15^th minute. There was a similar change pattern in S&R scores across the 15-minute recovery after each protocol (p = 0.572), remaining significantly elevated throughout the recovery. A significant main protocol effect was found for absolute change in S&R scores relative to baseline (p = 0.015). These changes were statistically greater in LV than WBV and DS. Changes in SS were not significantly different from LV, but were consistently lower than LV with almost moderate effect sizes. After LV, a greater percentage of subjects increased flexibility above the minimum detectable change compared to other protocols. Subjects with high flexibility (n = 12) benefited more from LV compared with other methods (effect size ≥ 0.862). In conclusion, LV was an effective alternative exercise modality to acutely increase lower extremity flexibility for well-trained athletes compared with WBV and traditional stretching exercises.     

Increase in S6K1 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise occurs mainly in type II muscle fibers

To investigate the in vivo effects of resistance exercise on translational control in human skeletal muscle, we determined the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1), p70/p85-S6 protein kinase (S6K1), and ribosomal S6 protein (S6). Furthermore, we investigated whether changes in the phosphorylation of S6K1 are muscle fiber type specific. Eight male subjects performed a single high-intensity resistance exercise session. Muscle biopsies were collected before and immediately after exercise and after 30 and 120 min of postexercise recovery. The phosphorylation statuses of AMPK, 4E-BP1, S6K1, and S6 were determined by Western blotting with phospho-specific and pan antibodies. To determine fiber type-specific changes in the phosphorylation status of S6K1, immunofluorescence microscopy was applied. AMPK phosphorylation was increased approximately threefold immediately after resistance exercise, whereas 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was reduced to 27 +/- 6% of preexercise values. Phosphorylation of S6K1 at Thr421/Ser424 was increased 2- to 2.5-fold during recovery but did not induce a significant change in S6 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of S6K1 was more pronounced in the type II vs. type I muscle fibers. Before exercise, phosphorylated S6K1 was predominantly located in the nuclei. After 2 h of postexercise recovery, phospho-S6K1 was primarily located in the cytosol of type II muscle fibers. We conclude that resistance exercise effectively increases the phosphorylation of S6K1 on Thr421/Ser424, which is not associated with a substantial increase in S6 phosphorylation in a fasted state.     

The effect of three recovery protocols on blood lactate clearance after race-paced swimming

ABSTRACT: Lomax, M. The effect of three recovery protocols on blood lactate clearance after race-paced swimming. J Strength Cond Res 26(10): 2771-2776, 2012-The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of 3 recovery protocols on blood lactate clearance after maximal intensity swimming. Thirty-three regional standard swimmers were tested throughout the course a year and were required to complete a race-paced 200-m swim in their main stroke or individual medley. After the race-paced swim, swimmers were assigned a self-paced continuous steady rate swim of 20 minutes (self-prescribed); a 20-minute coach-administered modified warm-up consisting of various swimming modes, intensities, and rest intervals (coach prescribed); or a 20-minute land-based recovery consisting of light-intensity walking, skipping, and stretching (land based). Blood lactate concentration was measured from the fingertip before and after the race-paced swim and after the recovery activity. The concentration of blood lactate was higher (p < 0.01) after race-paced swimming (range of 10.5-11.0 mmol·L) compared with baseline (range 1.3-1.4 mmol·L). However, there were no differences (p > 0.05) between the groups (recovery protocols) at these time points. Conversely, differences were observed between groups after the recovery activities (p < 0.01). Specifically, blood lactate concentration was higher after the land-based activity (3.7 ± 1.8 mmol·L) than either the self-prescribed (2.0 ± 1.2 mmol·L) or coach-prescribed (1.8 ± 0.9 mmol·L) swimming protocols. The results of the present study suggest that it does not matter whether a self-paced continuous steady rate swimming velocity or a swimming recovery consisting of various strokes, intensities, and rest intervals is adopted as a recovery activity. As both swimming recoveries removed more blood lactate than the land-based recovery, swimmers should therefore be advised to undertake a swimming-based recovery rather than a land-based recovery.     

The influence of recovery duration after heavy resistance exercise on sprint cycling performance

ABSTRACT: Thatcher, R, Gifford, R, and Howatson, G. The influence of recovery duration after heavy resistance exercise on sprint cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3089-3094, 2012-The aim of this study was to determine the optimal recovery duration after prior heavy resistance exercise (PHRE) when performing sprint cycling. On 5 occasions, separated by a minimum of 48 hours, 10 healthy male subjects (mean ± SD), age 25.5 ± 7.7 years, body mass 82.1 ± 9.0 kg, stature 182.6 ± 87 cm, deadlift 1-repetition maximum (1RM) 142 ± 19 kg performed a 30-second sprint cycling test. Each trial had either a 5-, 10-, 20-, or 30-minute recovery after a heavy resistance activity (5 deadlift repetitions at 85% 1RM) or a control trial with no PHRE in random order. Sprint cycling performance was assessed by peak power (PP), fatigue index, and mean power output over the first 5 seconds (MPO5), 10 seconds (MPO10), and 30 seconds (MPO30). One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures followed by paired t-tests with a Bonferroni adjustment was used to analyze data. Peak power, MPO5, and MPO10 were all significantly different during the 10-minute recovery trial to that of the control condition with values of 109, 112, and 109% of control, respectively; no difference was found for the MPO30 between trials. This study supports the use of PHRE as a strategy to improve short duration, up to, or around 10-second, sprint activity but not longer duration sprints, and a 10-minute recovery appears to be optimal to maximize performance.     

Activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the brain cortex and hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils after global ischemia and reperfusion injuries

Cerebral ischemia results in severe derangements of energy metabolism in the nervous tissue including activation of glycolytic pathway. Activity of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the specific brain structures remains unclear. The recent study was aimed at investigation into the LDH activity in the cytoplasm of both hippocampal and cortical neurons in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) at different durations of reperfusion after global ischemia. Analysis showed that the activity of LDH in pyramidal neurons of various hippocampal areas and neurons of II, III and V cortical layers after 7-minute forebrain ischemia depended on both localization of the neurons and duration ofreperfusion. In general, the changes in postischemic cytosolic LDH activity include significant decrease in the LDH activity 2 days after reperfusion with varying degree of recovery on day 7 of reperfusion.     

The effect of general anesthesia on memory in experimental animals

Full recovery of short-term memory (maximum time of delayed reactions) and of the structure of situational conditioned reflex and differentiation inhibition in dogs is observed in 1.5-2.5 h after tranquil-anaesthesia (diazepam-ketamine in doses of 0.3-15 mg/kg correspondingly) and dissociative anaesthesia by ketamine (15 mg/kg) in 6-8 h after neuroleptanalgesia (droperidol-fentanyl 2.5-0.05 mg/kg correspondingly), 20-24 h after narcosis by thiopental sodium (30 mg/kg) and by the end of the 3d day after neuroleptanaesthesia (droperidol-ketamine 2.5-15 mg/kg correspondingly). The recovery of the reaction of memory trace reproduction (of conditioned reaction of passive avoidance in rats) after various types of general anaesthesia is observed mainly in the same sequence, but on the average a day later than the short-term memory in dogs.     

Effectiveness of protecting the myocardium against ischemia with a normothermic cardioplegic solution and creatine phosphate

The protective effects of cardioplegic solutions (CS) containing creatine phosphate (CP) were studied in a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 3-minute coronary infusion with CS containing CP in normothermic (37 degrees C) and hypothermic (4-6 degrees C) regimes. In the normothermia group, the postischemic functional recovery was 70-75% of the preischemic control value, while the cellular ATP and CP content was reduced but insignificantly. By contrast, in the hypothermia group, the postischemic functional recovery was markedly depressed, with the tissue high-energy phosphate content being appreciably lowered. The data obtained confirm high efficacy of CP-containing cardioplegic solutions administered under normothermia conditions.     

Similarity in adaptations to high-resistance circuit vs. traditional strength training in resistance-trained men

To compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-resistance circuit (HRC) training (3-6 sets of 6 exercises, 6 repetition maximum [RM], ～35-second interset recovery) and traditional strength (TS) training (3-6 sets of 6 exercises, 6RM, 3-minute interset recovery) on physical performance parameters and body composition, 33 healthy men were randomly assigned to HRC, TS, or a control group. Training consisted of weight lifting 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Before and after the training, 1RM strength on bench press and half squat exercises, bench press peak power output, and body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry ) were determined. Shuttle run and 30-second Wingate tests were also completed. Upper limb (UL) and lower limb 1RM increased equally after both TS and HRC training. The UL peak power at various loads was significantly higher at posttraining for both groups (p ≤ 0.01). Shuttle-run performance was significantly better after both HRC and TS training, however peak cycling power increased only in TS training (p ≤ 0.05). Significant decreases were found in % body fat in the HRC group only; HRC and TS training both resulted in an increased lean but not bone mass. The HRC training was as effective as TS for improving weight lifting 1RM and peak power, shuttle-run performance and lean mass. Thus, HRC training promoted a similar strength-mass adaptation as traditional training while using a shorter training session duration.     

Human amniotic fluid stem cells can improve cerebral vascular remodelling and neurological function after focal cerebral ischaemia in diabetic rats

Diabetes causes vascular injury and carries a high risk of ischaemic stroke. Human amniotic fluid stem cells ( hAFSCs) can enhance cerebral vascular remodelling and have the potential to improve neurological function after stroke in diabetic rats. Five groups of female rats were examined: (1) normal control, (2) type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats induced by streptozotocin injection (DM), (3) non-DM rats receiving 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), (4) T1DM rats receiving 60-minute MCAO (DM + MCAO) and (5) T1DM rats receiving 60-minute MCAO and injection with 5 × 10⁶ hAFSCs at 3 h after MCAO (DM + MCAO + hAFSCs). Neurological function was examined before, and at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and cerebral infarction volume and haemorrhage, cerebral vascular density, angiogenesis and inflammatory were examined at 7 and 28 days after MCAO. hAFSCs treatment caused a significant improvement of neurological dysfunction, infarction volume, blood-brain barrier leakage, cerebral arterial density, vascular density and angiogenesis and a reduction of brain haemorrhage and inflammation compared with non-treatment. Our results showed that the effect of hAFSCs treatment against focal cerebral ischaemia may act through the recovery of vascular remodelling and angiogenesis and the reduction of inflammation in ischaemic brain.     

波生坦治疗特发性肺动脉高压的疗效与安全性观察

目的:探讨波生坦治疗特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)的疗效与安全性。方法:16例IPAH患者予波生坦口服治疗20周,比较治疗前后患者心功能、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、肺动脉压力以及血常规、肝肾功能变化。结果:患者心功能由治疗前Ⅲ级13例、Ⅳ级3例变为Ⅱ级14例、Ⅲ级2例。6MWD较治疗前明显延长(P<0.01),肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压及肺动脉舒张压均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),患者血常规、肝肾功能较治疗前无明显变化。结论:口服波生坦治疗IPAH可明显改善患者的临床症状与血流动力学指标,安全性好。     

Short- and long-term effects of whole-body irradiation with fission neutrons or X rays on the thymus in CBA mice

Young adult (6 weeks old) female CBA mice were exposed to whole-body irradiation with either 2.5-Gy fast fission neutrons of 1 MeV mean energy or 6.0-Gy 300 kVp X rays at centerline dose rates of 0.1 and 0.3 Gy/min, respectively. The weight of spleen and animal and the weight, cellularity, and histological structure of the thymus were studied at different times after irradiation. Thymic recovery after whole-body irradiation showed a biphasic pattern with minima at 5 and 21 days after irradiation and peaks of regeneration at Days 14 and 42 after X irradiation or at Days 14 and 70 after neutron irradiation. After the second phase of recovery, a marked decrease in relative thymus weight and cellularity was observed, which lasted up to at least 250 days after irradiation. Splenic recovery showed a monophasic pattern with an overshoot on Day 21 after irradiation. After neutron irradiation a late decrease in relative spleen and animal weight was observed. The observed late effects on thymus and spleen weight and thymus cellularity are discussed in terms of a persistent defect in the bone marrow.     

Far-red light-induced changes in intracellular potentials of spinach mesophyll cells: interaction with red light

In green plants, the large bioelectric changes that photosynthetically active light stimulates make it difficult to observe electrical potential changes related to phytochrome photoconversion. As a first step towards distinguishing between photosynthetic and phytochrome effects, we showed that red light enhances far-red stimulated intracellular potential changes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf mesophyll cells.

For a dark-adapted leaf, the response to far-red light increased during the first 10 to 30 exposures of 2.5 minutes, after which it was constant. The intracellular potential depolarized by an average of 0.3 millivolts during each 2.5-minute far-red light period, and returned to the resting value during each subsequent dark period. Continuous supplementary red light (at 1-5% of the fluence rate of the far-red light that stimulated the depolarizations) increased the response to far-red 2- to 3-fold. Supplementary red light did not amplify the response to alternating 702 nanometers light and dark periods. The Emerson enhancement effect thus does not seem to explain amplification of the response to 730 nanometers light by supplementary red light. This does not prove that photosynthetic pigments are not involved in some other way.

     

Postactivation potentiation: effect of various recovery intervals on bench press power performance

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) is a strategy used to improve performance in power activities. The aim of this study was to determine if power during bench press exercise was increased when preceded by 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the same exercise and to determine which time interval could optimize PAP response. For this, 11 healthy male subjects (age, 25 ± 4 years; height, 178 ± 6 cm; body mass, 74 ± 8 kg; bench press 1RM, 76 ± 19 kg) underwent 6 sessions. Two control sessions were conducted to determine both bench press 1RM and power (6 repetitions at 50% 1RM). The 4 experimental sessions were composed of a 1RM exercise followed by power sets with different recovery intervals (1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes), performed on different days, and determined randomly. Power values were measured via Peak Power equipment (Cefise, Nova Odessa, S?o Paulo, Brazil). The conditions were compared using an analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by a Tukey test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. There was a significant increase in PAP in concentric contractions after 7 minutes of recovery compared with the control and 1-minute recovery conditions (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that 7 minutes of recovery has generated an increase in PAP in bench press and that such a strategy could be applied as an interesting alternative to enhance the performance in tasks aimed at increasing upper-body power performance.