大鼠肝癌细胞中失活的肿瘤相关基因的克隆和筛选

本文描述了运用减式杂交技术筛选只在大鼠正常肝细胞中特异性表达,而在肝癌细胞中失活的肿瘤相关基因的实验。实验中用肝癌细胞mRNA杂交筛减正常肝细胞cDNA得到探针A,用正常肝细胞mRNA杂交筛减肝癌细胞cDNA得到探针B。文章描述了用这两种探针对2500个重组子点杂交筛选得到的与探针A杂交强的cDNA克隆中的6个:TR1-6,并主要分析了其中两个在正常肝细胞中特异性表达的情况。实验中还建立了cDNA库,以用于体外转录mRNA及今后的全长cDNA筛选。     

小鼠小脑区域性特异表达基因的分离和筛选——乳化酚递减杂交

哺乳类脑组织有着极其复杂和众多的基因表达,许多遗传性神经退行性疾病起源于不同的脑功能区域的基因表达缺陷。分离和筛选小脑特异表达基因是认识小脑疾病的重要途径。本文采用递减杂交法,大脑前皮层和肝组织单链cDNA为驱动物与小脑双链cDNA进行乳化酚杂交,经过重组噬菌体λgt11 DNA连接选择,特异性地克隆那些仅在小脑中优势表达的cDNA。杂交后的小脑eDNA文库容量仅是起始文库容量的0.049%(2.5×10~3/5.15×10~6)。用小脑和肝cDNA探针与PERT cDNA进行克隆杂交和斑点印迹杂交,结果显示绝大多数克隆仅与小脑cDHA杂交阳性。选择10个克隆cDNA与小脑等5种组织mRNA做Northern杂交,有2个小脑特异表达克隆,6个小脑优势表达克隆。对其中PC7和PD8克隆cDNA做部分DNA序列分析,它们是以前未报道过的新基因。     

大鼠正加速度高耐力相关基因的分离

 为从基因水平上揭示正加速度 (+Gz)高耐力产生机理及寻找 +Gz高耐力相关功能性蛋白 ,利用抑制消减杂交技术分离 +Gz高耐力相关基因 .雄性SD大鼠在离心机上处理后 ,选取耐受终点在高、低两个极端的动物 ,立即取全脑 ,分离mRNA .以高耐力者为Tester ,低耐力者为Driver,利用抑制消减杂交技术进行 +Gz耐力处于高、低两个极端动物脑组织间基因表达差异显示 ,获得 +Gz高耐力大鼠脑组织相关cDNA .以高、低耐力大鼠脑组织mRNA来源的cDNA为探针 ,对获得的cDNA克隆进行斑点杂交 .分别以杂交筛选出的阳性克隆为探针 ,对高、低耐力大鼠脑组织总RNA进行Northern杂交分析 .两次杂交结果均选择高耐力组杂交信号是低耐力组 3倍以上的cDNA克隆 .经过斑点杂交筛选 ,从大鼠脑组织中获得了 6 7个在 +Gz高耐力大鼠脑组织中上调表达的cDNA克隆 .Northern杂交分析发现 ,钙离子 钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱβ亚基 (Camk2b)和一未知基因在 +Gz高耐力大鼠脑组织中的表达量增加 .结果提示 ,+Gz耐力处于高、低两个极端的大鼠脑组织基因表达有明显差异 ,这些差异表达的基因很可能与 +Gz高耐力的产生有关 ,且钙离子 钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱβ亚基和一未知基因是初步获得的与 +Gz高耐力的产生特异相关的基因     

温敏核不育水稻穗颈节间的SSH特异表达

‘长选3S’是由‘培矮64S’通过辐射诱变选育出的长穗颈温敏核不育水稻．以‘K选3s’二核花粉期穗颈节问作为目标群体,‘培矮64S’二核花粉期穗颈节间作为对照群体,进行抑制差减杂交,川经过‘培矮64S’cDNA差减的‘长选3S’cDNA构建了一个含有大约130个独立克隆的差减文库;采用差减前的‘培矮64S’cDNA和‘长选3S’cDNA以及正向／反向差减杂交后的cDNA为模板标记探针,对随机挑取的96个承组质粒进行羞示筛选,获得了20个阳性候选克隆。从这些阳性候选克隆中随机挑取了8个进行Northern blot分析．证实其巾中1个候选克隆代表了在‘长选3S’穗颈节间中特异表达的基因．序列分析和同源性比较表明它与信号传导有关。这一在‘长选3S’穗颈节间特异表达的cDNA片段有助于进一步揭示其穗颈节间伸长的分子机制．并为水稻不育系的遗传改良提供有用的素材。     

光敏核不育水稻的育性与^45Ca的关系（简报）

光敏核不育水稻农垦58s育性转换始期,以涂叶法和灌根法对长日、短日处理植株饲喂的45Ca可自叶片或根部转入功能器官（叶、幼穗）,转入量随标记强度的增加而增加;植株吸收的45Ca可明显提高长日照下稻株的花粉可育率和自交结实率,而短日照下稻株的效应则相反。     

用抑制差减杂交法分离和克隆梭梭幼苗受渗透胁迫诱导相关基因的cDNA片段

以Hoagland溶液培养的梭梭幼苗(H)为对照群体,甘露醇处理的梭梭幼苗(M)为目标群体,进行抑制差减杂交.用经过H cDNA差减的M cDNA构建了一个含有大约400个独立克隆的差减文库;采用差减前的H cDNA和M cDNA以及正向/反向差减杂交后的cDNA为模板标记探针,对随机挑取的100个重组质粒进行差示筛选,获得了21个阳性候选克隆.从这些阳性候选克隆中随机挑取了8个进行Northern blot分析,证实其中3个候选克隆代表了在M中特异表达或表达增强的基因,序列分析和同源性比较表明它们与逆境胁迫有关;而另外5个候选克隆无Northem杂交信号,推测它们为低丰度转录本.     

光周期对光敏核不育水稻光敏色素A含量及其mRNA丰度的影响

光敏核不育水稻(农垦58S)是我国特有的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种质材料,光敏色素是光周期诱导其育性转变的受体。报道了育性转换敏感期间的光周期处理对农垦58S及对照“农垦58”叶片中光敏色素A(Phy A)含量及其mRNA丰度的影响。在10个光周期处理的最后一个暗期结束前,收获每株水稻的上部两片叶,用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定Phy A。和长日照(LD)相比,短日照(SD)处理导致农垦58SPhy A相对含量增加38.5％;而“农垦58”只增加18.5％。显然,在较长的暗期中,农垦58S中Phy A的积累比对照快。在水稻幼苗中也得出相似的结果。以光敏色素A基因(phy A)的特异性片段RPA3作探针,用RNA斑点杂交的方法对叶片中Phy A mRNA丰度进行分析的结果表明,光周期处理5d和10d时,两品种水稻的Phy A mRNA丰度都是SD处理的比LD的高,而且SD下农垦58S Phy A mRNA的丰度均比“农垦58”的高。这些结果表明,甲基化水平较低的农垦58S phy A可能比“农垦58”的phy A更活跃地表达。另外,在育性转换敏感期每日主光期结束时(EOD)进行10次短暂的远红光(FR)照射。结果表明,农垦58S植株抽穗和开花期比SD处理推迟2d,而花粉败育率、种子结实率却无变化。暗示农垦58S开花和育性转变过程的光周期反应可能不同。     

用抑制差减杂交法分离和克隆梭梭幼苗受渗透胁迫诱导相关基因的cDNA片段

以Hoagland溶液培养的梭梭幼苗（H）为对照群体,甘露醇处理的梭梭幼苗（M）为目标群体,进行抑制差减杂交。用经过H cDNA差减的M cDNA构建了一个含有大约400个独立克隆的差减文库;采用差减前的H cDNA和M cDNA以及正向／反向差减杂交后的cDNA为模板标记探针,对随机挑取的100个重组质粒进行差示筛选,获得了21个阳性侯克隆,从这些阳性候选克隆中随机挑取了8个进行Northern blot分析。证实其中3个候选克隆代表了在M中特异表达或表达增强的基因,序列分析和同源性比较表明它们与逆境胁迫有关;而另外5个候选克隆无Northern杂交信号,推测它们为低丰度转录本。     

人巨细胞病毒IE基因调节子特异DNA结合蛋白cDNA的克隆和鉴定

本文利用人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)IE基因调节子中特异DNA片段作为探针,自人Hela细胞cDNA表达库中筛选并分离出两个编码能与该探针结合的DNA结合蛋白cDNA克隆(DJ-1和EH-2)。其中EH-2编码的蛋白具有明显的DNA结合序列特异性。比较DJ-1和EH-2克隆在HCMV戚染不容性和可容性畸胎瘤细胞中mRNA表达水平,未见明显差异。DJ-1和EH-2克隆可能涉及IE基因表达调控过程。     

牛催乳素cDNA在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

从牛垂体中分离出总的mRNA,经逆转录酶及大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶合成双链cDNA,以pBR322作为克隆载体并用加G．C尾的方法进行重组,把重组质粒导人大肠杆菌中,建立了牛垂体mRNA的cDNA文库。用标记的人工合成的牛催乳索基因片段作为探针进行杂交,并从库中筛选到几个阳性克隆,经酶谱分析和DNA序列分析证明克隆中有一个含有全长的牛催乳素cDNA序列。将所获得的克隆进行“剪切”,加上启动子,然后导人大肠杆菌JM 103中并在IPTG诱导下表达。用SDS-PAGE检测,证明有表达产物存在,再通过酶标测定证明该表达产物具有与天然牛催乳素相似的免疫学活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.