锦鸡儿属3种植物的核型研究

以锦鸡儿属中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿为材料,用光学显微镜观察了3种锦鸡儿的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行了核型分析。结果表明,3种锦鸡儿的体细胞染色体数目2n=16,核型公式分别为:中间锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=10m 6sm、柠条锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=12m 4sm、狭叶锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的核型属于2A型,狭叶锦鸡儿的核型属于2B型。狭叶锦鸡儿二倍体染色体核型为首次报道。     

拱背果蝇属三新种记述(双翅目:果蝇科)

记述了拱背果蝇属 (Lordiphosa)黑色拱背果蝇种组 (nigricolorspecies group) 3新种 :黑腿拱背果蝇 (Lordiphosanigrifemursp nov )、鲁甸拱背果蝇 (Lordiphosaludianensissp nov )和施氏拱背果蝇 (Lordiphosashiisp nov )。     

三种高山杜鹃的光合生理生态研究

对大白花杜鹃（Rhododendron decorum）、云南杜鹃（R.yunnanense）和红棕杜鹃（R.rubiginosum）进行了气体交换、叶片性状等研究,以期了解三种杜鹃的光合生理特性及其对环境的适应。结果表明,三种杜鹃的光饱和光合速率（Pmax）与RuBP饱和最大羧化速率（Vc max）、光饱和最大电子传递速率（Jmax）和气孔导度（gs）呈极显著正相关（P≤0.01）,但仅Vc max存在显著的种间差异,说明三种杜鹃的光合能力主要受Vc max影响。叶氮含量、叶片氮在电子传递和在Rubisco中的分配均显著影响Vc max和Jmax。大白花杜鹃的LSP最低,LCP较高,对强光和弱光利用能力都不强,光适应范围较窄。云南杜鹃LCP最低,LSP和Pmax相对较高,对弱光或较强的光照均能利用,光照适应范围相对最广,光合适应能力最强;红棕杜鹃LSP和LCP均为最高,对强光环境的适应性最强。     

中国伪足瘿螨亚科一新属三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

记述伪足瘿螨亚科的1新属:新分位瘿螨属Neodisellagen.nov.,及3新种:菝葜新分位瘿螨Neodisellasmilacaceaesp.nov.,楝叶吴茱萸分位瘿螨Disellameliifoliaesp.nov.,须花藤分位瘿螨Disellalaurifoliussp.nov.。     

Genome Analysis of Three Species of the Genus Algropyron

The karyotype, C-banding, N-banding and meiosis of F1 plants and isoenzyme electrophoresis were analysed for the study of three species in Agropyron. It was showed that the B genome homologous to common wheat is not likely to exist in A. intermedium and the other two genomes were turned out to be homoeologous. The genome formula xE1 E2 was suggested for A. intermedium. The B genome was found not likely to exist in A. elongata (10x) either, there are two pairs of homoeologous genomes in this species and the genome formula xE1E2F1F2 was suggested. It seemed that the two genomes of A. elongata (4x) are not homoeologous.     

中国长妩蛛属3新种记述(蜘蛛目:妩蛛科)

记述中国妩蛛科长妩蛛属3新种:匙长妩蛛,新种Miagrammopes spatulatus sp.nov.,双叉长妩蛛,新种Miagrammopes bifurcatus sp.nov.和蹄形长妩蛛,新种Miagrammopes unguliformis sp.nov..     

Three New Species of the Genus Alulatettix Liang from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae)

Characters of the tetrigid genus Alulatettix Liang are redescribed. Three new species, Alulatettix nigromarginalis n. sp., Alulatettix flavotibialis n. sp., and Alulatettix tianzhushanensis n. sp., are described. An updated key to the species of this genus is provided.     

中国四川省妙蝇属(双翅目:蝇科)三新种

报道采自四川省西部山区蝇科中的妙蝇属Myospila Rondani,18563新种：康定妙蝇Myospila kangdingicasp．nov．,寒妙蝇Myospila frigorasp．nov．,类寒妙蝇Myospila frigoroidasp．nov．。模式标本存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所。     

林蛙属3物种皮肤的组织结构比较

利用石蜡切片和H.E染色技术,对蛙科(Ranidae)林蛙属(Rana)高原林蛙(R.kukunoris)、昭觉林蛙(R.chaochiaoensis)和峨眉林蛙(R.omeimontis)的皮肤组织结构进行了观察。应用SPSS 13.0统计软件,对皮肤的厚度、皮肤腺的相对数量和面积作了比较分析。3物种皮肤的基本结构相似,都由表皮和真皮组成。表皮是角质化的复层扁平上皮,由角质层、颗粒层、棘细胞层和生发层构成。真皮又分为疏松层和致密层,疏松层内分布有黏液腺、颗粒腺和脂腺3种类型的皮肤腺,黏液腺在体背和体腹皮肤内基本均匀分布,而颗粒腺主要以团块聚集形式散布在体背皮肤中。在高原林蛙皮肤中还发现了1种与以往描述不同的特殊嗜酸性腺体。皮肤厚度存在种间差异和部位差异。高原林蛙的表皮里有少量毛细血管和发达的色素细胞分布,真皮疏松层里有发达的腺体,这些可能是其对高海拔、低氧、低温和强紫外线辐射生活环境的适应策略。在峨眉林蛙和昭觉林蛙皮肤真皮的疏松层和致密层相邻处,发现有呈波浪条带状的、H.E染色呈蓝色的钙化层结构,体背部的钙化层比体腹部的发达。钙化层的功能可能包括防止体内水分散失、贮存钙离子、构成与体外环境进行物质交换的屏障等方面。     

广西木虱—新属三新种及黄槿瘦木虱记述(同翅目:木虱总科)

作者于1982和1984年在广西农科院及广西林业厅的支持和配合下两次考察,加上1963年所采的标本,发现一些新的种类及记载,将陆续发表。本文记述了1新属3新种,对黄槿瘦木虱作了重新描述。新增加了寄主植物。文中体长为由头顶至翅端长度。模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Re-Definition of the Genus Acanthamoeba with Descriptions of Three Species

SYNOPSIS. Ten strains of Acanthamoeba from freshwater habitats were isolated in clonal cultures. Studies were made of trophic structure, nuclear division, cyst structure, some aspects of cytochemistry, and other characteristics. One strain was identified as A. castellanii (Douglas, 1930), one as A. astronyxis (Ray and Hayes, 1954), and 8 as A. polyphaga (Puschkarew, 1913). Strains of Acanthamoeba isolated by other workers were also examined comparatively.
The pattern of nuclear division in all strains resembled that in metazoan cells, with the exception that centrioles were never found. Trophic amoebae had a PAS-positive surface outline. Cyst walls were strongly PAS-positive and also gave a positive test for cellulose with zinc chloroiodide.
The genus Acanthamoeba Volkonsky, 1931 is re-defined, being distinguished from Hartmannella Alexeieff, 1912, emend. Volkonsky, chiefly by the formation of tapering, hyaline pseudopods (acanthopodia) and by a cyst made up of an ectocyst and a polyhedral or stellate endocyst, with excystment by removal of opercula. Other characteristics found in all strains include a distinctive food cup, the presence of many small refractile globules in the cytoplasm of trophic amoebae, and a cyst wall containing cellulose. The degree of spindle convergence, employed by Volkonsky as a generic criterion, was unusable.
Differential diagnoses based principally on cyst structure are offered for A. castellanii, A. astronyxis , and A. polyphaga. The strain previously called Mayorella palestinensis Reich, 1933 is a distinct species of Acanthamoeba.     

毛绥螨属3新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：裂胸螨科）

记述毛绥螨属3新种：矩殖毛绥螨Lasioseius orthocegenitalis sp. nov.,林氏毛绥螨Lasioseius linjianzheni sp. nov.和张氏毛绥螨Lasioseius zhangyanxuanae sp. nov.。     

藏北3种裸鲤同工酶的电泳分析及物种分化的探讨

对藏北高原３种裸鲤的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）和脂酶（ＥＳＴ）进行电泳分析的结果表明,３种裸鲤酶谱均表现出种间的差别,而且在同一种群个体之间也存在着明显的分化,但无性别差异。３种裸鲤被检测的３种同工酶均有沉默基因表达的现象,重复基因ＬＤＨ－Ａ^2、ＬＤＨ－Ｂ^2、s-MDH-A^2和m-MDH-B^2也在部分个体中表达。遗传距离分析表明,色林错裸鲤（Ｇ.selincuoensis)与错鄂裸鲤（Ｇ．cuoensis)之间较之于与纳木错裸鲤（Ｇ．namensis)有更近的亲缘关系。与其他四倍体鱼类相比,裸鲤鱼类同工酶在重复基因和沉默基因上都有较高的表达频率,这种情况说明裸鲤鱼类目前可能还外于多倍化后进化的早期过程并早于胭脂鱼类所处的相应时期,这与裂腹鱼类起源较晚以及青藏高原业已存在的恶劣环境条件直接相关。     

Three New Species of Brevitobrilus (Nematoda) with a Discussion on Relationships within the Genus

Three new species of the genus BrevitobriusTsalolikhin, 1981 are described. Brevitobrilus glandulatus n. sp. is characterized by conspicuous sphincter between pars dilatata and uterus; two pairs of vaginal glands; spicules having elliptical capitula with small proximal stiffening piece; proximally-arcuate gubernaculum; S3 and S4 smaller than other supplements; S6 out of spicular range and 57-60 micropapillae. Brevitobrilus dimorphicus n. sp. is diagnosed by sexual dimorphism in labial sensilla and amphids; thick-walled rectum with a diverticulum protruding into intestinal lumen and males with boat-shaped spicules and S6 occasionally slightly smaller than other supplements. Brevitobrilus allahabadensis n. sp. possesses large amphids of 28-33% of corresponding labial diameter in both sexes; vagina and uterus with muscular, plicate walls; well developed sphincter between vas deferens and ejaculatory duct; capitulate spicules with sloping ventral and angular dorsal walls; S3, S4 and S6 smaller than other supplements, S6 close to cloaca and 28-37 micropapillae. The relationships of the species of genus Brevitobrilus have been assessed using morphological characters subjected to parsimony and a non cladistic key to identification of species is given.     

云南带叶蝉属三新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:殃叶蝉亚科)

记述云南带叶蝉属3新种：三斑带叶蝉Scaphoideus trimaculatus,sp．nov．。盈江带叶蝉Scaphoideus yingjiangensis,sp．nov．和阔茎带叶蝉Scaphoideus wideaedeagus,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所。