甲真菌病的激光治疗新进展

正甲真菌病是真菌感染引起的甲板和(或)甲下组织感染的统称,现估计全球患病率约为5.5%~[1],是一种疗程长且易复发的感染性疾病。根据侵犯甲部位不同,临床分为远端侧位甲下型、白色浅表型、近端甲下型、全甲毁损型,其中以远端侧位甲下型最为多见~[2]。甲真菌病不仅会影响患者生活质量,而且是自身其他部位和家庭成员皮肤癣菌病的传染源。目前甲真菌病的治疗大多数采用抗真菌药物治疗(外用和/或内服),但疗效不甚理想~[3,4]。     

AP-PCR快速鉴定甲真菌病病原菌的研究

甲真菌病(onychomycosis)占浅部真菌感染的30%和所有甲病的50%。目前实验室的诊断主要依靠直接镜检和真菌培养,但直接镜检阳性率仅为50%~75%[1],且易受标本数量和质量、检验者的经验技术等因素的影响[2];真菌培养阳性率波动于25%~80%之间[3],且需要4周方可确定菌种。随着分子生     

光动力疗法治疗甲真菌病的临床研究进展CSCD

甲真菌病(onychomycosis)是由皮肤癣菌、酵母菌及非皮肤癣菌性丝状真菌侵犯甲板/床引起的一种常见皮肤病。流行病学调查显示,甲真菌病的发病率占自然人群的2%~18%,全国多中心流行病学调查皮肤科门诊就诊足病患者中甲真菌病患者的比例为15.7%[1]。目前,甲真菌病的系统治疗主要依靠口服抗真菌药物如特比萘芬、伊曲康唑和氟康唑等,但这些药物在治疗中仍存在一些问题,包括服药周期较长、患者依从性差、药物不良反应和相互作用风险,以及有可能导致耐药等[2-3]。     

足癣复发对患者生活质量的影响

足部皮肤病主要包括足癣、皲裂、湿疹、甲病等,其中以足癣最为多见。足癣是皮肤癣菌侵犯跖、趾间表皮所引起的浅部真菌感染性疾病,俗称“脚气”,其发病率居浅部真菌病首位。在我国南方足癣的患病率为50％-60％,目前国内足癣复发率高达50％-80％,严重影响患者的日常活动、工作和社交、情绪和心理等。反复发作,反复治疗,对患者个人和公共卫生资源造成很大的浪费。针对目前足癣复发率高的现状,我们对足癣患者的疾病病情、治疗情况、生活质量,以及患者对治疗的期望进行了市场调研。     

浅部真菌感染中的抗真菌药物治疗进展CSCD

浅部真菌感染是致病真菌侵犯皮肤的角质层、毛发和甲板所导致的感染,困扰着世界约25%的人口,导致患者生活质量下降[1-3]。浅部真菌感染可由皮肤癣菌、念珠菌属、马拉色菌属等引起,而尤以皮肤癣菌最为常见。临床上以足癣最为常见,其次为体癣、股癣以及甲真菌病[4]。除此之外,外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)也是常见的由念珠菌属引起的真菌感染,约75%的女性在其育龄期至少经历过一次VVC[5]。     

百花洗剂联合特比萘芬乳膏治疗角化型足癣临床观察CSCD

足癣是一种很常见的浅部真菌病,临床分为水疱型、趾间型、角化型三种类型,其中角化型最多见,占各型足癣的50%以上[1]。表现为累及足跖,甚至向足背蔓延的角质增厚、脱屑及干燥。相比其他类型足癣,角化型足癣因角质增厚影响抗真菌药膏的透皮吸收,治疗相对困难。本研究采用上海市皮肤病医院院内制剂百花洗剂联合特比萘芬乳膏封包治疗角化型足癣,获得满意疗效,现报道如下。     

植物活性成分抗念珠菌作用机制研究进展CSCD

念珠菌感染是临床最常见的机会性真菌感染之一,好发于老年人群、癌症化疗、移植术后、HIV感染等免疫低下人群。研究显示,患有恶性肿瘤及接受过手术的老年患者中,侵袭性念珠菌病的患病率分别可达73.7%及74.1%[1]。而HIV感染患者中口咽念珠菌病的患病率可高达79.4%[2]。此外,随着体内置管及心脏瓣膜等植入性生物材料的广泛应用,由生物膜引起的深部真菌感染发病率也日趋增多,并可导致40%~60%的高死亡率[3]。     

膀胱灌注吡柔比星治疗膀胱癌的护理

膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤,其中70%~80%为表浅性膀胱癌[1]。据文献报道,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TUR)术后膀胱肿瘤复发率达50%~70%,其中10%~30%的复发病例伴有恶性程度增高或浸润能力增强[2]。术后膀胱内灌注药物治疗可降低和延缓肿瘤复发,防止肿瘤发生浸润,提高患者生存率和生     

术中压疮的护理研究与预防进展

<正>手术压疮是由于手术过程中无法改变患者手术体位、缓解局部组织压力而导致血液循环障碍,局部缺血、缺氧而致软组织溃烂和坏死[1]。据报道,综合性医院的院内压疮发生率为3%~14%,其中23%与手术有关[2],因此手术患者是发生压疮的高危人群。有资料显示,术中压疮的发生率高达4.7%~66.0%[3]。本文就术中压疮发生的机制、危险因素、特点、评估量表的使用现状及预防护理等进行综述如下。1术中压疮发生的机制     

甲癣中药洗剂对常见致病性真菌的敏感性检测

近几年来,由于广谱抗生素、放、化疗的广泛应用,深、浅部真菌病的发病率逐年增多,虽然新的抗真菌药物的出现给真菌病的治疗带来转机,但由于其价格高,毒副作用大等特点,使患者难以接受。国内许多学者将研究重点转移到中药抗真菌作用机制方面。文献报道,黄连、龙胆草中含有小柏碱、黄连碱等生物碱具有较强的抗真菌作用,射干中的亲脂性物质有明显的抗真菌作用[1,2]。本实验参照CLSI M38-A液基试管法[3],进行改良,对我院临床常用抗真菌洗剂——“甲癣中药洗剂”进行常见致病性真菌的敏感性检测。1材料与方法1.1中药的提取取生药龙胆草40g、黄…     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism