CBF/DREB转录因子与植物矮化的相关性研究进展

CBF/DREB转录因子即干旱应答元件结合蛋白,是一类可以调控多个与干旱、高盐及低温耐性有关的功能基因表达的转录因子家族。很多报道称CBF/DREB转录因子的过量表达使转基因植株产生矮化、晚花现象。着重探讨CBF/DREB转录因子与植物矮化现象相关性与其矮化机理,并对草坪草育种新方向进行展望。     

Characterization of an abiotic stress-inducible dehydrin gene, OsDhn1, in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A full-length 1.1 kb cDNA, designated Oryza sativa Dehydrin 1 (OsDhn1), was isolated from the seed coat of rice. The deduced protein is hydrophilic and has three K-type and one S-type motifs (SK3-type), indicating that OsDhn1 belongs to the acidic dehydrin family, which includes wheat WCOR410 and Arabidopsis COR47. Expression of OsDhn1 was strongly induced by low temperature as well as by drought. Induction of OsDhn1 by cold stress was clearcut in the roots of seedlings and the epidermis of palea and lemma. OsDhn1 was also up-regulated in UBI::CBF1/DREB1b transgenic plants indicating that it is regulated by the CBF/DREB stress signaling pathway.     

提高植物抗寒性的机理研究进展

低温胁迫是世界范围内影响植物产量和品质的主要非生物胁迫.植物抗寒生理生态研究是比较活跃和发展很快的领域.文章综述了提高植物抗寒性机理的研究进展.大量科学研究和生产实践表明,气象因素与植物自身因素是影响植物抗寒性的关键因素,前者主要是温度、光周期和水分,后者主要是植物的遗传学基础、生长时期、发育水平以及低温胁迫下细胞的抗氧化能力.保证植物抗寒基因充分表达对提高植物抗寒性有重要意义.植物抗寒性的遗传机制与调控主要通过5条路径实现:丰富多样的植物低温诱导蛋白,低温转录因子DREB/CBF可同时调控多个植物低温诱导基因的表达,DREB/CBF与辅助因子相互作用调控下游基因表达,Ca2+、ABA及蛋白质磷酸化上游调控低温诱导基因表达,以及不饱和脂肪酸酶基因的表达.基因工程改良植物抗寒性已获重要进展,但距产业化尚有许多开创性的工作要做,目前主要通过导入抗寒调控基因和抗寒功能基因而实现,后者主要是导入抗渗透胁迫相关基因、抗冻蛋白基因、脂肪酸去饱和代谢关键酶基因、SOD等抗氧化系统的基因以及与植物激素调节有关的基因.农林技术对提高植物抗寒性有重大实用价值,其中的不少技术蕴涵着深刻的科学机理,重点评述了抗寒育种、抗砧嫁接、抗寒锻炼、水肥耦合及化学诱导五大技术提高植物抗寒性的作用机理.展望了提高植物抗寒性的研究.     

Colinearity and Similar Expression Pattern of Rice DREB1s Reveal Their Functional Conservation in the Cold-Responsive Pathway

The clustered genes C-repeat (CRT) binding factor (CBF)1/ dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB)1B, CBF2/DREB1C, and CBF3/DREB1A play a central role in cold acclimation and facilitate plant resistance to freezing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to low temperatures; enhancing the cold stress tolerance of rice is a key challenge to increasing its yield. In this study, we demonstrate chilling acclimation, a phenomenon similar to Arabidopsis cold acclimation, in rice. To determine whether rice CBF/DREB1 genes participate in this cold-responsive pathway, all putative homologs of Arabidopsis DREB1 genes were filtered from the complete rice genome through a BLASTP search, followed by phylogenetic, colinearity and expression analysis. We thereby identified 10 rice genes as putative DREB1 homologs: nine of these were located in rice genomic regions with some colinearity to the Arabidopsis CBF1–CBF4 region. Expression profiling revealed that six of these genes (Os01g73770, Os02g45450, Os04g48350, Os06g03670, Os09g35010, and Os09g35030) were similarly expressed in response to chilling acclimation and cold stress and were co-expressed with genes involved in cold signalling, suggesting that these DREB1 homologs may be involved in the cold response in rice. The results presented here serve as a prelude towards understanding the function of rice homologs of DREB1 genes in cold-sensitive crops.     

植物冷驯化相关基因研究进展

摘要 冷驯化是与提高植物抗冷性有关的生物化学及生理学过程, 主要包括寒驯化(cool acclimation)和冻驯化(freezing acdimation)。在冷驯化过程中, 植物体内许多基因在转录水平上的表达受到影响, 已经克隆了大量的相关基因,它们组成复杂的分子调控网络。目前研究表明不依赖ABA的低温信号转导途径是植物冷驯化机制的重要组成部分, 其中CBF/DREB1是该调控过程的关键转录因子, 与植物通过冷驯化而提高冰冻耐受能力密切相关。进一步利用转基因技术, 可有效地改善作物的耐冷性状。