<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptocorticium</Emphasis> (Corticiaceae s.l., Basidiomycota): New species and combinations

The genus Leptocorticium is redescribed, and a key to the species is provided. A new taxon, Leptocorticium tenellum, is described, and two new combinations, L. sasae and L. utribasidiatum, are proposed. Dentocorticium nephrolepidis is determined to be conspecific with L. cyatheae. All four species are described and illustrated.     

Gregarines of the Genus Lecudina (Protozoa,Apicomplexa) from Pacific Ocean Polychaetes*

The gregarine Lecudina longissima Hoshide, 1944 is described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Lumbrineris zonata (Johnson, 1901) from Santa Catalina Island, Calif. L. catalinensis n. sp. is described from the intestine of L. inflata Moore, 1911 from the same island. L. pherusae sp. n. and L. zimmeri sp. n. are described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Pherusa capulata (Moore, 1909) off Santa Catalina Island.     

New species, nomenclatural changes and lectotypifications in Neotropical Lepidagathis Willd. (Acanthaceae)

Summary  Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the Neotropical genus Lophostachys showed that it is congeneric with Lepidagathis. The following new combinations of species previously described under Lophostachys are proposed: Lepidagathis chiapensis (Acosta) Kameyama, L. cyanea (Leonard) Kameyama, L. guatemalensis (Donn. Sm.) Kameyama, L. laxifolia (Nees) Kameyama, L. montana (Nees) Kameyama, L. nemoralis (Mart. ex Nees) Kameyama, L. soconuscana (T. F. Daniel) Kameyama, and L. uxpanapensis (Acosta) Kameyama. Five new species are described: Lepidagathis callistachys, L. cuneiformis, L. meridionalis, L. paraensis and L. wasshausenii. Three lectotypes are also designated. A key to the Neotropical secundiflorous species is provided.     

African Hepatics XXXIX. Some dioecious species of Lejeunea

Abstract

Lejeunea obtusata Gott. is described and recorded from Madagascar, Mauritius, Tanzania, Ghana, Sierra Leone and probably Uganda. L. cantabrigiensis E.W. Jones sp. nov. is described from Cameroon Mountain. L. obtusistipula (Steph.) E.W. Jones, comb. nov. (Cheilolejeunea obtusistipula Steph.) is described from Sierra Leone. Taxonomic notes on allied species, including L. confusa E.W. Jones, are included.     

Revisión del complejo de <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lonchocarpus cruentus</Emphasis> (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Millettieae), con descripciónes de cinco especies nuevas

The Lonchocarpus cruentus complex, within sect. Lonchocarpus, is described. This complex is characterized by the presence of a keeled vexillary margin on the pod. Five of the six species described and illustrated are new to science: Lonchocarpus aequatorialis, L. alternifoliolatus, L. guianensis, L. septentrionalis and L. trinitensis. A pronounced flower size difference in the north-south distribution of this complex is shown.     

The freshwater medusae of the world – a taxonomic and systematic literature study with some remarks on other inland water jellyfish

Several medusa species have been described from inland waters in Australia, Eurasia, Africa and America. The chief objective of this study is to summarize all species described from freshwater and from saline lakes, because the knowledge about this group is sparse and scattered in the literature. I summarize all accessible literature to deduct how many species of freshwater medusae exist and to show their distribution, relation and their phylogenetic origin.All medusae described from freshwater except Halmomises are Olindiidae (Limnomedusae). More than 20 Olindiidae species (in 6 genera) have been recorded from freshwater. However, about half of them may not be valid species or have been described insufficiently or improperly. Within the genera Craspedacusta only 3 (or 5) species are certain (C. sowerbii, C. iseanum, C. sinensis (and maybe C. sichuanensis and C. ziguiensis)). The genera Limnocnida may consist of 6 species, three from Africa (L. tanganjicae, L. victoriae, L. congoensis) and 3 from India (L. indica, L. biharensis, L. nepalensis). The status of Astrohydra (from Japan), Mansariella and Keralika (both from India) is uncertain. Additionally, the present study suggests that Craspedacusta and at least one type of Calpasoma hydrants are identical and Astrohydra may be closely related to Craspedacusta and/or Calpasoma.A comparison of the freshwater medusae with species described from saline lakes and brackish sites (Australomedusae from Australia and Moerisia from Egypt, Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Ganges Estuary) shows that these two groups are not closely related.     

Rotifera from north and northeast Anatolia (Turkey)

Samples from 21 freshwater sites in Turkey yielded 91 different species of Rotifera, 42 of which are new to the Turkish fauna. Lepadella costatoides n. sp. is described and L. costata Wulfert is redescribed. L. christineae Koste is synonymised with L. quinquecostata (Lucks). Remarks on the intraspecific variability of some species of Lecane are given. L. pomiformis Edmondson is added to the synonymy of L. pyriformis (Daday). The synonymy of the latter with L. paraclosterocerca Pennak is confirmed.     

PALEOZOIC LYCOPSID FRUCTIFICATIONS. I. LEPIDOCARPON PETRIFACTIONS

A reinvestigation of the 4 American species of Lepidocarpon described from petrifactions and of Illiniocarpon cadyi, also described from petrifactions, shows that they are all conspecific. When they, in turn, are compared with specimens of the British petrifaction L. lomaxi, no significant differences can be demonstrated. The criteria cited as diagnostic for the American petrifaction species of Lepidocarpon were found to fail as bases of discrimination when 400 specimens of Lepidocarpon found in coal balls of Pennsylvanian age were studied. Measurements and observations made of a sample size of 136 of these 400 specimens reveal a degree of variation compatible with that of a single species. All previously described American and British petrifaction taxa fall within (or not significantly beyond) this range of variability of a single species as determined from this sample. Additional evidence concerning the 3-dimensional sporophyll structure of this one species of Lepidocarpon and the configurations obtained by certain planes of section through it have served to demonstrate that Illiniocarpon cadyi is in reality a taxon based on sectioned structures of the sporophyll of this Lepidocarpon species. Under the rules of priority, this species of Lepidocarpon and the following are assigned to Lepidocarpon lomaxi: Illiniocarpon cadyi, Lepidocarpon ioense, L. magnificum (megasporangiate form), L. crenatum and L. palmerensis. On the basis of the morphological evidence, the British petrifaction described as Lepidocarpon wildianum is also equated with L. lomaxi.     

New mesozoic diving beetles (Coleoptera,Dytiscidae) from China

A new subfamily of predaceous diving beetles, Liadytiscinae subfam. nov., including two genera and four species, Liadytiscus gen. nov. (L. cretaceus sp. nov., L. longitibialis sp. nov., and L. latus sp. nov.) and Liadroporus gen. nov. (L. elegans sp. nov.), from the Late Tithonian-Berriasian (Huangbanjigou, Yixian Formation) of China is described. Two new genera, Mesoderus gen. nov. with two species, M. magnus sp. nov. and M. ventralis sp. nov., and Sinoporus gen. nov. with one species, S. lineatus sp. nov., are also described; their position in the system of Dytiscidae remains uncertain. Relationships of the taxa described with Recent and fossil taxa of the same rank and some presumable ecological features of the new taxa are discussed.     

Sex Allocation in Lythrypnus (Gobiidae): Variations on a Hermaphroditic Theme

The gonadal sexual patterns of three Atlantic/Caribbean Lythrypnus (L. nesiotes, L. phorellus, L. spilus) are described, based on histological examination, and compared with previously described sexual patterns of L. dalli and L. zebra, from the eastern Pacific. Overall, there was striking similarity in the sexual patterns of all the species; each exhibited simultaneous hermaphroditism with a high degree of variability in allocation to male tissue among individuals. Among the five species whose sexual patterns are described, at least three distinct sexual patterns were identified. Lythrypnus dalli has an allocation pattern distinct from the other species, with populations consisting of primarily pure females, strongly female-biased hermaphrodites and pure males. Lythrypnus nesiotes was also found to be distinct from the other species, consisting primarily of pure females and strongly female-biased hermaphrodites and male-biased individuals (mean allocation to male tissue = 75%). In contrast to L. dalli, L. nesiotes had no pure males. Indeed, no other species examined included pure males. L. phorellus, L. spilus and L. zebra had much more intermediate allocation patterns than either L. dalli or L. nesiotes. Most individuals were female biased (<10% male tissue), and there were significant numbers of individuals with intermediate allocation (10–90% male). L. zebra differed somewhat from L. phorellus and L. spilus in that more strongly male-biased individuals were common in the sample (i.e., ranging in allocation from 90 to 98% male); this difference was not statistically compelling. This marked variation in allocation among closely related species suggests Lythrypnus is a useful model system to explore factors affecting allocation. For example, models developed for simultaneous hermaphrodites and appropriate for Lythrypnus predict that pure sexed individuals will be more common at higher density (e.g., because mating success is more certain). The observed interspecific variation supports this prediction – both L. dalli and L. nesiotes occur at high density and have the most extreme allocation patterns, whereas L. phorellus, L. spilus, and L. zebra occur at lower density and have more intermediate allocation patterns.     

Liparis tsii: a new species of Orchidaceae (tribe-Malaxideae) from Guangdong,China with its phylogenetic position

Liparis tsii, a new orchid from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. It is compared with its closest allies: L. sasakii Hayata, L. nanlingensis H.Z. Tian & F.W. Xing, L. krameri Franch. & Sav., L. reckoniana T.C. Hsu and L. brunnea Ormerod belonging to section Liparis. Further phylogenetic study based on combined molecular data from nrITS and plastid trnL-F ascertained its phylogenetic position as L. tsii being sister to L. sasakii and L. nanlingensis. A key to identification with the allied species is provided.     

On four new tropical and subtropical Lecane (Lecanidae,Monogononta, Rotifera)

Four new tropical/subtropical species of Lecane are described. L. abanica n. sp. is recorded from Saudi Arabia and the Comoro Islands; L. minuta n. sp. and L. spiniventris n. sp. from the Sultanate of Brunei, and L. nelsoni n. sp. from Brazil. An attempt is made to include characters of the trophi in the diagnosis of these Lecane.     

The immature stages of some Phlebotomine sandflies from Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Immature stages of Lutzomyia anduzei (Rozeboom), L.antunesi (Coutinho), L. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira), Psychodopygus davisi (Root), Ps.paraensis (Costa Lima) and Ps.lainsoni Fraiha & Ward are described from specimens reared in the laboratory. The Lutzomyia species are members of the intermedia group, though L. flaviscutellata larvae more closely resemble those of Psychodopygus species. The larvae of L.anduzei and L. antunesi are separable on minor setal differences and are similar to previously described members of the intermedia group. Ps. paraensis is distinguishable from the other two Psychodopygus species described, by the absence of prothoracic seta 2. Head seta 5 of Ps.davisi is about twice the length of that in Ps. paraensis and larvae of Ps.lainsoni are pale and characterized by colourless body setae 4 and 10. A key to the fourth instar larvae is given which includes all the known larvae of the intermedia group and of the genus Psychodopygus. Morphological differences in the Psychodopygus larvae do not appear to reflect the separation of the adults into series.     

Ligularia zhengyiana sp. nov. (Asteraceae) from the Hubei Province,China

The new species Ligularia zhengyiana from the Hubei Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by dense blackish purple pilose hairs on the stems and by coarsely triangular‐dentate leaves. Ligularia zhengyiana is similar to L. fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz., but L. zhengyiana has dense long blackish purple hairs on stems, while L. fischeri is glabrous or has short yellowish‐brown hairs on stems. In addition, the pappus of L. zhengyiana is white, while that of L. fischeri is yellowish‐brown.     

Indonesian Kickxellales: two species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coemansia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Linderina</Emphasis>

Four species belonging to Kickxellales (Kickxellomycotina) isolated from soil of Indonesia are described and illustrated. Two new species of Coemansia, C. asiatica and C. javaensis, were discovered in South Sulawesi and West Java, and two known species of Linderina, L. pennispora and L. macrospora, were discovered in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi, respectively. These four species are newly added to the Indonesian mycobiota. A technique for inducing sporulation of C. javaensis and L. macrospora by adding substances derived from invertebrates such as aphids, nereids, or cladocerans to culture media is described.     

Notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepraria</Emphasis> s.l. (Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota) in North America: New species,new reports,and preliminary keys

Six new species of Lepraria are described from North America: L. barbatica, L. cryophila, L. disjuncta, L. moroziana, L. terricola, and L. xanthonica. Lepraria torii is discussed and its range extended to include boreal eastern North America. Lepraria aurescens is reported as new to North America from Florida. Preliminary keys to the genus in North America are presented.     

Three new Leuctra Species from Tunisia (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)

Three new Leuctra species, L. khroumiriensis sp. n., L. sartorii sp. n. and L. medjerdensis sp. n., from Tunisia, are described. They share a close morphological relationship with two other species of the hippopus group, L. occitana Despax and L. vaillanti Aubert, which are redescribed. L. occitana is redescribed from material collected in Southern Spain, and L. vaillanti from Moroccan and Tunisian material, constituting the first record for Tunisia.     

Design and Validation of ureC-based Primers for Groundwater Detection of Urea-Hydrolyzing Bacteria

Polymerase chain reaction primers based on the ureC gene are described for use in detecting diverse groundwater urea-hydrolyzing bacteria. Six degenerate primers were designed and evaluated for their ability to detect the gene encoding the large catalytic subunit of urease, ureC. Five combinations of these primers were tested pair-wise and displayed an overlapping detection range for bacterial isolates. Pair L2F/L2R exhibited the greatest detection range for described bacterial species and for bacterial isolates from groundwater samples belonging to the bacterial divisions Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and the α , β , and γ subdivisions of Proteobacteria. Primers L2F/L2R exhibited a greater detection range than previously described ureC-specific primers, and amplified novel ureC sequences from groundwater isolates in the genera Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Janthinobacterium, and Arthrobacter. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of ureC and 16S rRNA genes was performed to determine the utility of groundwater ureC sequence information as a phylogenetic marker for ureolytic species. Our results were consistent with previous analyses of urease genes which demonstrated that the ureC gene has undergone lateral transfer and is not a robust phylogenetic marker. However, the ureC-specific primers, L2F/L2R, demonstrate a broad detection range for ureolytic species, and can serve to enhance functional diversity analyses of ureolytic bacteria.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lophodermium</Emphasis> on needles of conifers from Yunnan Province,China

Twelve Lophodermium species on needles of conifers are known in Yunnan, the eastern Himalayas in China. Recently, additional specimens were collected and identified. Two new species, Lophodermium dilutum on Pinus armandii and Lophodermium tsugae on Tsuga dumosa, were described and illustrated, and six species, L. autumnale, L. confluens, L. himalayense, L. kumaunicum, L. laricinum, and L. nitens, were recorded for the first time for Yunnan. A key to the Lophodermium species on needles of conifers for Yunnan is provided.