共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 35 毫秒
1.
Simultaneous measurements of respiration, ethylene production, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations, as well as the growth
parameters length, fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Konservolia) inflorescence were carried out at short intervals (3–7 days) during the period from bud burst until the
3rd week after full bloom (AFB), when young fruit reached 8 mm in length. The axis of inflorescence elongated remarkably during
the 3rd week after bud burst (ABB), massive bract shedding occurred during the 4th week ABB, full bloom (FB) was observed
7 weeks ABB, and massive floral organ abscission 1 week AFB. The results showed a continuous increase in inflorescence FW
and DW from bud burst until 4 days before FB. Respiration rate, ethylene production, and levels of ABA were relatively high
during the first 3 weeks ABB. After this period, respiration and ethylene followed a similar pattern of changes, inversely
to that of ABA concentration. An accumulation of inflorescence ABA 6 and 4 days before FB was associated with the minimum
values of respiration and ethylene production on the same dates. The sharp decrease in the ABA concentration during FB and
3 days later was followed by a high rise in ethylene and an increase in respiration rate, which both rose further 1 week AFB.
The results suggest a possible correlation of ABA with the early stage of floral abscission, whereas ethylene production seems
to be correlated with the terminal separatory activity in olive inflorescence abscission processes.
Received May 28, 1998; accepted November 17, 1998 相似文献
2.
Yujie Sun Brian Christensen Fulai Liu Huiqun Wang Renate Müller 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,59(1):83-91
Phalaenopsis frequently exhibits bud drop during production and in response to adverse postharvest conditions. The effect of exogenous
ethylene on bud drop of mini Phalaenopsis was studied and ethylene sensitivity of four cultivars was compared. Water content, membrane permeability and ABA (abscisic
acid) content in floral buds and flowers were determined after ethylene treatment. Exogenous ethylene induced flower bud drop
in all tested Phalaenopsis cultivars and the different cultivars showed distinct differences in ethylene sensitivity. The cultivar Sogo ‘Vivien’ exhibited
the highest bud drop, water loss and change in membrane permeability in floral petals, while Sogo ‘Berry’ showed the lowest
sensitivity. The ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) reduced ethylene-induced floral bud drop in the cultivar
Sogo ‘Yenlin’. ABA content in floral buds was increased in response to ethylene and 1-MCP pretreatment inhibited the ethylene-induced
increase in ABA levels efficiently. This finding suggests that the observed increase in ABA content during bud drop was mediated
by ethylene. The interaction between ABA and ethylene is discussed. 相似文献
3.
This paper is a continuation of our studies related to the response of two tomato cultivars: Robin and New Yorker to chilling:
the later is more tolerant to chilling than the former one (Starck et al. 1994). The concentration of ABA in the xylem sap and ABA delivery rate (calculated as the amount of ABA exuded in 2h from
the cut stump, following shoot removal) were estimated by ELISA. The relative water content (RWC) of the leaf blades and stomatal
resistance (RS) were also measured. Tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse, under noncontrolled conditions. Before chilling
some of the plants were drought hardened for 10 days (H). As an consequence of water deficit only New Yorker growth slightly
decreased. Plants were chilled to 2–5 °C during three consecutive, 16-h nights, preceded by warm days, which caused a decrease
in the RWC of leaf blades. Chilling did not decreased leaf blade hydration significantly, but drastically increased the concentration
of ABA in the xylem sap in more chilling tolerant cv. New Yorker only. The delivery rate of ABA was markedly enhanced in both cultivars, but much more in New Yorker. Drought hardening
increased ABA delivery rate in cv. Robin only, especially after chilling. The lack of correlation between changes in the RWC of leaf blades after low temperature
treatment and the concentration of ABA in the xylem sap as well as its delivery rate suggest, that in both tomato cultivars
chilling increased ABA level directly, not as an secondery effect of temperature-induced water deficit. 相似文献
4.
Thomas J. Gianfagna 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1991,10(1):191-195
Peach flowers are often killed during bloom by spring frosts. LAB 173711, a compound with abscisic (ABA)-like activity, and ethephon delayed flowering in peach trees. In greenhouse experiments, LAB 173711, at concentrations of 10–3–10–2 M, was most effective in delaying bloom when applied after a 5°C cold storage period, rather than before the dormancy breaking treatment. In contrast, ethephon delayed bloom most effectively when applied before 5°C cold storage; ethephon caused flower bud abscission when treatments were made after the chilling requirement had been satisfied. In field experiments, ethephon delayed flowering by 6–7 days, which reduced bud injury after a spring frost during bloom. No flower bud injury was found on ethephon-treated trees after temperatures of –4.3°C; whereas without ethephon 25% of the flower buds were frost damaged. LAB 173711 delayed the time to 50% bloom by 2–3 days. However, this was not long enough to avoid low-temperature injury to the flower buds. 相似文献
5.
Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in seeds from three cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) which have substantially different chilling requirements were investigated by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GCMS-SIM) during stratification. The ABA content of dormant unchilled seeds was similar in the three cultivars, suggesting no relationship between the chilling requirement of those seeds and their ABA status. That chilling is not related to ABA changes during stratification was confirmed by warm (20°C) and cold (5°C) stratification experiments. ABA content dropped rapidly and nearly identically under both temperature regimes, but only cold stratification promoted germination. The decline in ABA during stratification was due in large part to leaching from the seed coat and nucellar membrane; the ABA content of the embryo remained nearly constant. The radicle in intact seeds stratified at 5°C began growing 20–30 days after the ABA in the seed coat and nucellar membrane had nearly disappeared. Radicle growth did not occur in unchilled seeds, even though ABA had leached from them as well. It is possible that the leaching of ABA from the seed allows certain promotive forces to develop, but if so, these can develop only at chilling temperatures. Studies were also conducted on 2-trans ABA relationships to apple seed dormancy, but no association was evident.Report No. 12, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell University. 相似文献
6.
7.
A study of lateral bud dormancy in Actinidia chinensis has shownthat true dormancy can be induced, especially in short daysat warm and constant temperatures This dormancy can be brokenquantitatively by chilling but temperatures as high as 10 °Care effective The dormancy appears to be due to an inhibitor(possibly ABA), apparently stored in the special bud cover aspecial structure in Kiwi fruit which may represent fused stipulesRemoval of the cover also admits oxygen and light, both of whichhave promoting effects on bud break Application of ABA enhancesdormancy (as do crude extracts tentatively identified as ABA)while GA3 application enhances dormancy before chilling andpromotes bud break only after chilling Actinidia chinensis, Kiwi fruit, dormancy, abscissic acid, gibberellic acid, chilling 相似文献
8.
Mathiason K He D Grimplet J Venkateswari J Galbraith DW Or E Fennell A 《Functional & integrative genomics》2009,9(1):81-96
Endodormant grapevine buds require a period of chilling before they break and begin to grow. Custom Vitis bud cDNA microarrays (9,216 features) were used to examine gene expression patterns in overwintering Vitis riparia buds during 2,000 h of 4°C chilling. Three-node cuttings collected concurrently with buds were monitored to determine dormancy
status. Chilling requirement was fulfilled after 1,500 h of chilling; however, 2,000 h of chilling significantly increased
the rate of bud break. Microarray analysis identified 1,469 significantly differentially expressed (p value < 0.05) array features when 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 h of chilling were compared to 500 h of chilling. Functional classification
revealed that the majority of genes were involved in metabolism, cell defense/stress response, and genetic information processing.
The number of significantly differentially expressed genes increased with chilling hour accumulation. The expression of a
group of 130 genes constantly decreased during the chilling period. Up-regulated genes were not detected until the later stages
of chilling accumulation. Hierarchical clustering of non-redundant expressed sequence tags revealed inhibition of genes involved
in carbohydrate and energy metabolism and activation of genes involved in signaling and cell growth. Clusters with expression
patterns associated with increased chilling and bud break were identified, indicating several candidate genes that may serve
as indicators of bud chilling requirement fulfillment.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
Thomas J. Gianfagna 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1991,10(1-4):191-195
Peach flowers are often killed during bloom by spring frosts. LAB 173711, a compound with abscisic (ABA)-like activity, and ethephon delayed flowering in peach trees. In greenhouse experiments, LAB 173711, at concentrations of 10?3–10?2 M, was most effective in delaying bloom when applied after a 5°C cold storage period, rather than before the dormancy breaking treatment. In contrast, ethephon delayed bloom most effectively when applied before 5°C cold storage; ethephon caused flower bud abscission when treatments were made after the chilling requirement had been satisfied. In field experiments, ethephon delayed flowering by 6–7 days, which reduced bud injury after a spring frost during bloom. No flower bud injury was found on ethephon-treated trees after temperatures of ?4.3°C; whereas without ethephon 25% of the flower buds were frost damaged. LAB 173711 delayed the time to 50% bloom by 2–3 days. However, this was not long enough to avoid low-temperature injury to the flower buds. 相似文献
10.
Zulima González-Parrado Carmen Reyes Fuertes-Rodríguez Ana M. Vega-Maray Rosa M. Valencia-Barrera F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo Delia Fernández-González 《Aerobiologia》2006,22(1):47-53
Winter-flowering trees such as the alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner) can survive periods of adverse climatic conditions, entering a period of dormancy in the early fall. The end
of dormancy and the start of the pollen season require a period of low temperatures followed by another of warm temperatures.
These requirements were studied from 1995 to 2002, in order to develop a model to predict the onset of the alder pollen season
in Ponferrada (Spain). Chilling accumulation took place from late October to late December or early January. The best result
was obtained with a threshold temperature of 6.5 °C and an average of 848 chilling hours (CH). Heat requirements were calculated
at maximum temperature, an average 143 growth degree days (GDD) were needed, with a threshold temperature of 0 °C. In order
to validate models, predicted values were compared with real values for 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005, years not used
in developing the models. Predictions for the pollen-season start-date differed only slightly from observed dates: in 2002–2003
predicted and observed dates were the same, in 2003–2004 there was a difference of 7 days and in 2004–2005 a difference of
3 days. 相似文献
11.
Leaf abscisic acid (ABA) levels of chilled P. vulgaris weremeasured after 18 h chilling at 5°C, at a saturation deficitof 1.24 g m3 (SD), and after chilling in a water-saturatedatmosphere. Changes were also followed during a chill hardeningperiod of 4 d at 12°C, 2.1 g m3 SD. It was foundthat hardening resulted in an almost 5. fold increase in ABAlevels after 3 d at 12°C, and this decreased to approximatelycontrol levels on the fourth day. Subsequent chilling of hardenedplants produced no change in ABA levels from that of controlplants (22° C). In contrast, non-hardened plants chilledat 1.24 g m3 SD had ABA levels almost 3 times the levelof control plants. However, chilling in a water-saturated atmosphereresulted in a decrease in ABA levels. In addition, the response of leaf diffusion resistance (LDR)to exogenous ABA fed via the transpiration stream was measuredat 5 ° C and 22° C in hardened and non-hardened plants.Use of tritium-labelled ABA was made to calculate the stomatalsensitivity to ABA. It was found that exogenous ABA caused anincreased in LDR at 22°C in both hardened and non-hardenedplants. However, the sensitivity of the hardened plants to ABAwas greater in terms of rate of closure and amount of ABA requiredto close the stomata. At 5°C, however, ABA caused stomatalopening and the maintainance of open stomata in non-hardenedplants. In hardened plants, ABA caused stomatal closure at 5°C.These results are discussed in relation to the locking-openresponse of chilled P. vulgaris stomata. Key words: Chilling, Stomata, ABA, Phaseolus vulgaris 相似文献
12.
To elucidate the role of the plant hormones—abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene during flower senescence in roses, experiments
were conducted on two cultivars of cut-roses (Rosa hybrida L.), ‘Grandgala’ and ‘First Red,’ obtained from a commercial grower. An apparent similarity was observed during flower senescence
and accumulation of endogenous ABA in petal tissue. Several fold increase in ABA concentration was observed during the later
stages of senescence which was found to be associated with a drastic reduction of flower water potential and water uptake.
During the later stages of senescence (S5–S6) higher ABA concentration coincides with the elevated concentration of ethylene
production. ABA and ethylene both stimulate senescence and are suggested to interact during flower senescence under water
limitations. 相似文献
13.
Pudas E Leppälä M Tolvanen A Poikolainen J Venäläinen A Kubin E 《International journal of biometeorology》2008,52(4):251-259
Timing of plant phenophases is a useful biological indicator which shows how nature responds to the variation in climate.
Thus, long phenological observation series help to estimate the impact of changing climate on forest plants. We investigated
whether phenological patterns of downy birch Betula pubescens respond to warming climate and whether the intensity of the responses varies among phytogeographical zones. We studied data
collected by the Finnish National Phenological Network from 30 observation sites across Finland during 1997–2006. The advancement
in the timing of the earliest phenophase, bud burst, ranged from 0.7 days/year in southern boreal zone to 1.4 days/year in
middle and northern boreal zones. Timing of bud burst was most clearly dependent on mean May temperatures. The intensity of
the response to temperature increased from south to north. The advancement of bud burst resulted into a significant lengthening
of the growth period by 1.2–1.6 days per year in northern and middle boreal zones, respectively, whereas the lengthening was
not significant in the southern boreal zone. No trend was observed in the timing of autumn phenophases. 相似文献
14.
Abscisic Acid-induced chilling tolerance in maize suspension-cultured cells 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The induction of chilling tolerance by abscisic acid (ABA) in maize (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) suspension cultured cells was examined. Cell viability during exposure to chilling was estimated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction immediately after chilling and a filter paper growth assay. Both methods yielded comparable results. Chilling tolerance was induced by transferring 5-day-old cultures (late log phase) to a fresh medium containing ABA (10 to 100 micromolar). The greatest chilling tolerance was achieved with ABA at 100 micromolar. Growth of cells was inhibited at this concentration. After a 7-day exposure to 4°C in the dark, the survival of ABA-treated cells (100 micromolar ABA, 28°C for 24 h in the dark) was sevenfold greater than untreated cells. Effective induction of chilling tolerance was first observed when cells were held at 28°C for 6 hours after adding ABA. No tolerance was induced if the culture was chilled at the inception of ABA treatment. Induction of chilling tolerance was inhibited by cycloheximide. These results indicate that ABA is capable of inducing chilling tolerance when ABA-treated cells are incubated at a warm temperature before exposure to chilling, and this induction requires de novo synthesis of proteins. 相似文献
15.
When cut stems of three species of Salix were transferred tolong day conditions conducive to growth, the number of budswhich grew within a 4 week period was dependent on various factors,including the species and the position of the buds on the stem.In addition, the removal of leaves from the stems at the startof the experiment resulted in a diminution of the number ofbuds which commenced growth while there was a substantial increaseas spring approached. Abscisic acid (ABA) at 104 M was also capable of depressingbud burst in certain circumstances although this effect diminishedas spring approached. The effect of ABA was also significantlygreater in at least two of the three species if the leaves wereremoved from the stems at the time of transfer to long day conditions. Interactions were also observed between species and harvestdates, bud position and species and bud position and harvestdate. Salix spp, willow, bud burst, abscisic acid 相似文献
16.
Maximum fruit growth potential, the growth attained by fruitswhen they are grown under optimal environmental conditions inthe presence of a non-limiting supply of resources, was estimatedfor two peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars that differin the timing of resource demand for reproductive growth. Maximumpotential fruit growth was estimated on trees that were heavilythinned at bloom. On these trees, resource availability exceededresource demand for fruit growth. For both cultivars, the mean dry weights of fruits grown onunthinned trees were approximately half the mean dry weightsof fruits grown on trees that were heavily thinned at bloom,indicating that fruit growth was source-limited on unthinnedtrees. Comparison of the seasonal patterns of relative growthrate of fruits on unthinned and heavily thinned trees indicatedthe source-limited fruit growth occurred during distinct periodsof the growing season. On the early maturing cultivar, source-limitedfruit growth occurred from 300 degree-days after bloom untilharvest (4·5-10 weeks after bloom). On the late maturingcultivar, source-limited fruit growth occurred from 200-900and 1600-1900 degree-days (3·5-12 and 18-20 weeks) afterbloom. Although the final dry weight of fruits on the early maturingcultivar was only half that of fruits on the late maturing cultivar,the potential net sink strength of fruits was significantlyhigher on the early than the late maturing cultivar throughoutthe entire growth period of the early maturing cultivar. Resourceavailability for fruit growth was similar on the early and latematuring cultivars, indicating that selection for early maturingfruits has not changed the patterns of resource availabilityfor fruit growth.Copyright 1995, 1999 Academic Press Maximum fruit growth potential, carbon economy, partitioning, resource availability, resource limitation, source-limited growth, sink activity, sink strength, growth analysis, relative growth rate, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, peach 相似文献
17.
Abscisic Acid and Ethylene Interact in Rice Spikelets in Response to Water Stress During Meiosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jianchang Yang Jianhua Zhang Kai Liu Zhiqin Wang Lijun Liu 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2007,26(4):318-328
This study investigated whether and how the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene is involved in the regulation
of rice (Oryza sativa L.) spikelet sterility when subjected to water stress during meiosis. Two rice cultivars, HA-3 (drought-resistant) and WY-7
(drought-susceptible), were used and subjected to well-watered and water-stressed (WS) treatments during meiosis (15–2 days
before heading). Leaf water potentials of both cultivars markedly decreased during the day as a result of the WS treatment,
but panicle water potentials remained constant. The percentage of sterile spikelets in WS plants was increased by 49.7% for
WJ-7 but only 12.7% for HA-3. ABA, ethylene, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were all enhanced in spikelets by the
water stress, but ethylene was enhanced more than ABA in WY-7 when compared with that in HA-3. Spikelet sterility was significantly
reduced when ABA or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, was applied to the panicles of WS plants
at the early meiosis stage. Application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing agent, or fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA synthesis,
had the opposite effect, and sterility was increased. The results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene
may be involved in mediating the effect of water stress on spikelet fertility. A higher ratio of ABA to ethylene would be
a physiologic trait of rice adaptation to water stress. 相似文献
18.
This study examines the effect of chilling and photoperiod on rest completion and bud burst in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] using twigs from both 15-year-old (young trees) and 56-year-old (old trees) trees. The material was transferred between September and May from outdoors to experimental forcing conditions with four different photoperiods. The bud burst percentage of the twigs from young trees generally increased in all photoperiods until the end of the year. After that it decreased until vernal equinox (March 20) and then increased steeply towards spring. This new observation of transient rest completion during autumn suggests that young trees have (I) a transient time window during late autumn when ontogenetic development is possible, and (ii) a secondary rest culminating approximately at the time of vernal equinox. In twigs from old trees the transient rest completion was much weaker as the bud burst percentages generally remained under 20 during autumn and winter. At vernal equinox there were no burst buds in twigs from the old trees in any photoperiod and after that the bud burst percentage increased basically in the same manner as in the young trees. The bud burst percentage of the twigs from young trees was generally higher as the photoperiod increased. However, no evidence for absolute long photoperiod requirement of rest completion was observed. 相似文献
19.
Vered Naor Jaime Kigel Yosi Ben-Tal Meira Ziv 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2008,27(3):211-220
Phenologic changes and variation in the level of endogenous gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), carbohydrate content,
and α-amylase activity were examined in colored Zantedeschia spp. cv. Cala Gold. These changes were examined in the primary bud tissues and in the attached tuber tissue during the growth
cycle. Dormant tubers were dry-stored at 20°C for 3 months, planted in a phytotron, and grown under 22/16 ± 1°C. Plant development
was monitored under continued irrigation until leaf senescence and tuber dormancy. GAs and ABA were extracted from the primary
bud tissues, fractionated by HPLC, and analyzed using GC-SIM. Starch, glucose, soluble protein, and α-amylase activity were
monitored in the tuber tissue attached to the primary bud. Endogenous changes in GAs and ABA in the primary bud were correlated
with endogenous changes in carbohydrate content and α-amylase activity in the attached tuber tissue. These correlations were
observed during the rest and the growth periods and were associated with developmental changes in the plant, that is, bud
dormancy relaxation, bud growth, and inflorescence differentiation. ABA content decreased and a transient pulse of GA was
measured in the primary bud concomitantly with the onset of shoot elongation in dry tubers during storage, before planting.
The sharp increase of GAs in the bud preceded inflorescence differentiation as observed in dissected apices by about 15 days,
as well as the increase in α-amylase activity in the attached tuber tissue. A steep decrease in starch level was measured
in the tuber after planting, concomitantly with massive plant growth. These findings suggest a possible involvement of gibberellin
in the initiation of α-amylase activity during dormancy relaxation in colored Zantedeschia and in the autonomous induction of flowering. 相似文献
20.
Summary The influence of donor plant growth environment, microspore development stage, culture media and incubation conditions on
microspore embryogenesis was studied in three Indian B. juncea varieties. The donor plants were grown under varying environments: field conditions, controlled conditions, or a combination
of the two. The correlation analysis between the bud size and microspore development stage revealed that the bud size is an
accurate marker for donor plants grown under controlled conditions, however, the same does not hold true for the field-grown
plants. The buds containing late uninucleate microspores collected from plants grown under normal field conditions up to bolting
stage and then transferred to controlled environment were observed to be most responsive with genotypic variability ranging
from 10 to 35 embryos per Petri dish, irrespective of the other factors. NLN medium containing 13% sucrose was found to be
most suitable for induction of embryogenesis The fortification of this medium with activated charcoal, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
colchicine, or growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid) was observed to be antagonistic for microspore
embryogenesis, while silver nitrate (10 μM) had a significant synergistic effect. A post-culture high-temperature incubation of microspores at 32.5±1°C for 10–15 d
was found most suitable for high-frequency production of microspore embryos. The highest frequency of microspore embryogenesis
(78 embryos per Petri dish) was observed from the late uninucleate microspores (contained in bud sizes 3.1–3.5 nm irrespective
of genotype) cultured on NLN medium containing 13% sucrose and silver nitrate (10 μM), and incubated at 32.5°C for 10–15 d. 相似文献