共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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提出将基于Stokes参量的偏振共焦显微成像技术应用于弱各向异性物质的成像研究。通过将分振幅Stokes参量测量法与共焦扫描成像技术相结合的方法,得到了基于Stokes参量测量的偏振共焦显微成像系统。利用该系统对具有弱各向异性的生物组织样品进行逐点测量,通过四个通道同时测量获得全部的Stokes参量。再以计算得到的偏振参量作为成像物理量进行图像重建,获得对应Stokes参量、偏振度、相位差、方位角和椭率角的空间分布图像,从而对生物组织实现细胞水平的偏振显微成像研究。实验结果表明:基于Stokes参量的偏振共焦显微成像技术能够获得弱各向异性的生物组织样品的显微图像,并通过比较样品的Stokes参量及相关偏振参量的分布图像,提取样品全部的偏振信息,从而为生物组织的特性研究提供更丰富的信息。 相似文献
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无透镜显微成像(lens-free microscopy)是一种在不借助透镜的情况下进行成像的技术。它基于Gabor同轴全息原理,利用面阵探测器采集原始全息图,随后通过数字图像处理技术重建样本,从而实现数字显微成像。像素超分辨技术缩小了等效像素,提供更多细节信息使得再现像的分辨率得以直接提升,而且多种相位恢复手段通过去除孪生像也达到了间接提高分辨率的目的,尤其是对密集样本。无透镜显微成像技术突破了传统光学显微镜由透镜带来的空间带宽积的限制,实现了大视野范围下的高分辨率成像,因此,这一技术能够提供大视场下的临床样本快速诊断和准确检测。另外,新兴的算法和硬件都在不断地加快数据采集和计算速度,扩展了其在高速运动样本和纳米尺度样本上的应用。最近无透镜技术和其配套硬件设备发展方向趋向于硬件紧凑、算法密集、实时、三维、彩色、高分辨率的便携式分立器件或配件。 相似文献
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Cruz D Melo N Seixas M Lopes JM 《Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology》2001,23(4):245-250
OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of using digital images for measuring the size of the tumors, assisting with the prognostic evaluation of carcinomas of the oral mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: The depth of invasion of 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip was assessed through a microscope and through digital images. All measurements of depth of invasion were assessed in a direction orthogonal to the lip surface. First, assessment of depth of invasion was done at the microscope, using an eyepiece reticule with an engraved scale. Second, depth of invasion was assessed by digital images, using a program module developed to assist pathologists with linear measuring. When the depth of the tumor was larger than the field of view at the proper magnification, several images were taken to include the whole area of invasion. The images were finally mounted in a single image and the depth of invasion measured. RESULTS: The results show positive and negative differences between assessments when assessing depths of < 2 mm. At greater depths (> or = 2 mm), the difference was always negative, showing that for deep invasion, measurements of longer distances were always performed on digital images. CONCLUSION: Measurements with digital images beyond the field of view at proper magnification could sig nificantly alter the diagnostic and prognostic assessment made using the microscope. 相似文献
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蔬菜温室土壤某些化学性质的演变特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1引言温室蔬菜生产具有许多露地栽培无可比拟的优点,如通过人工调节水、肥、气、热条件,充分利用光能进行高效生产,使土地生产力和光能利用率成倍提高.然而,由于温室土壤常处于半封闭状态下,气温高,湿度大,水分蒸发量大,缺少雨水淋洗,化肥及有机肥投入量大,土壤利用频度高,与露地土壤环境条件存在明显差别[2,9,10,16].蔬菜栽培几年后,温室土壤的基本性状会发生明显变化,从而导致土壤化学性质发生明显变化,并进一步影响蔬菜的生长发育及产量、品质等[2~5,7,13].本文对辽宁省新民市大民屯蔬菜基地不同使用年限蔬菜温室的不同深度土壤化学性质… 相似文献
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This study focuses on the impact of natural levels of UVBR (ultraviolet-B radiation: 280 to 315 nm) on bacterio- and phytoplankton
(<10 mm) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Incident biologically effective doses (BEDs) and attenuation of biologically effective
radiation in the water column were measured using a DNA biodosimeter. UVBR-induced DNA damage was measured as cyclobutane
pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), using an antibody directed to CPDs followed by chemiluminescent detection. Depth profiles of DNA
damage were determined in two plankton size fractions (0.2 to 0.8 mm and 0.8 to 10 mm) collected down to 50 m depth. Furthermore,
accumulation and removal of CPDs were monitored in surface plankton samples during several daily cycles. Small plankton (plankton
<10 mm) composition was determined by flow cytometry. The plankton community in the Gulf of Aqaba was dominated by nonphototrophic
bacteria and the free-living prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus spp. (<0.8 mm). In general, no DNA damage could be detected in
dosimeter DNA below 15 m. In contrast, DNA damage (up to 124 CPD Mnucl-1) could be detected in all bacterio- and phytoplankton
samples. DNA damage accumulated throughout the day, indicating that plankton in the Gulf of Aqaba undergo UVBR stress via
CPD induction. Although the numbers of CPDs decreased during darkness, both size fractions showed some residual DNA damage
at the end of the night. This suggests that dark repair processes did not remove all CPDs, or that part of the plankton community
was incapable of repair at all. CPD levels in the two size fractions showed no significant differences in situ. During full
solar radiation exposures (samples incubated in bags), more CPDs were detected in the smaller (0.2 to 0.8 mm) size fraction
as compared to the larger (0.8 to 10 mm) size fraction. In these experiments, initial plankton composition was significantly
different from the field samples. This implies that a shift in the population structure or irradiance conditions can lead
to a significant change in UVBR sensitivity. In conclusion, the results show that the picoplankton-dominated phyto- and bacterioplankton
communities in the clear surface waters from the Gulf of Aqaba undergo UVBR stress. Repair pathways are not sufficient to
eliminate damage during or after UVBR exposure hours, suggesting photomortality as a potential loss parameter of the plankton
community. 相似文献
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Fish larvae and fish eggs were sampled from the inshore waters of eastern Lake Michigan from 1978 through 1980, using a benthic sled and a plankton net towed within 0.5 m of the lake bottom. Differences between estimates of ichthyoplankton abundance based on the benthic sled and those based on the plankton net towed near bottom were examined along with interactions between gear, bottom depth, and time of day. Time of day was determined to be an important factor in comparing these two gear, but data were inconclusive as to the effect of depth on gear differences. Abundance of fish eggs calculated using sled tow data was significantly higher than that for the plankton net. For nighttime collections, density of alewife Alosa pseudoharengus larvae sampled in the plankton net significantly exceeded that for the sled, whereas density of spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius larvae based on sled data was significantly higher than that based on the plankton net for day sampling. Overall, the plankton net appeared to be adequate for sampling abundance of alewife larvae, while the sled was preferred for sampling fish eggs, spottail shiner larvae, and the following less common, but apparently demersal larvae: trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus, johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum, ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. 相似文献
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1. Data from the two multidisciplinary surveys of Lake Kinneret (Israel), including acoustic surveys of fish concentrations and concurrent sampling of plankton at stations, were used to reconstruct fish and plankton distributions. No significant lake-wide correlations for the distribution fields were found. With respect to patchiness of the fish and plankton distributions, we hypothesized that they might be correlated in localized zones. 2. A method is suggested for the identification of areas where there are strong correlations of two distribution fields. The method is based on outlining zones where the gradients of the two fields of interest are in the same direction (or are opposite). Only areas larger than the autocorrelation circles (or ellipses) for the fields are considered. The correlation of the fields is calculated for each of the zones selected. 3. The method was used in analysing data from the multidisciplinary surveys. We were able to detect areas of the lake where there were correlations for fish and plankton distributions. Analysis of specific conditions inside the correlation zones made it possible to construct hypotheses concerning the causes for the observed patterns of fish and plankton distributions. 相似文献
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Size and visibility of Baltic cod eggs with reference to size-selective and stage dependent predation mortality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Size of Baltic cod eggs from incubation experiments and from field samples was determined by microscopic analysis. Results from plankton samples were compared with corresponding size distributions of cod eggs found in herring stomachs. The influence of fixation on size of different developmental stages was studied. Live eggs from incubation experiments were also sized repeatedly throughout the developmental period with an optical plankton counter (OPC) based on light attenuance measurements as this was assumed to be more closely related to the visibility of the eggs for potential predators than egg diameter as obtained by microscopic analysis.
Preservation in formaldehyde solution caused a small reduction in egg diameter (2.2%) whereby no differences between the developmental stages were detected. Egg size decreased slightly during incubation (6.9%) while the OPC measurements revealed a substantial increase in light attenuance during egg development (42.2%). In the field, a general decrease in egg size with increasing depth was observed while no change between the developmental stages was detectable. The mean size of eggs ingested by herring was slightly lower than in the water column which was most pronounced for the late stages containing a well-developed embryo. The frequency of eggs in an advanced stage of development was considerably higher in the stomachs than in corresponding plankton samples. Therefore, it is suggested that the selection of further developed egg stages by predatory fish in the central Baltic Sea, i.e. herring and sprat, is due to an increase of visibility during egg development in relation to growth and pigmentation of the embryo. Thus it is likely that egg mortality due to predation is stage-dependent rather than strictly size-selective. 相似文献
Preservation in formaldehyde solution caused a small reduction in egg diameter (2.2%) whereby no differences between the developmental stages were detected. Egg size decreased slightly during incubation (6.9%) while the OPC measurements revealed a substantial increase in light attenuance during egg development (42.2%). In the field, a general decrease in egg size with increasing depth was observed while no change between the developmental stages was detectable. The mean size of eggs ingested by herring was slightly lower than in the water column which was most pronounced for the late stages containing a well-developed embryo. The frequency of eggs in an advanced stage of development was considerably higher in the stomachs than in corresponding plankton samples. Therefore, it is suggested that the selection of further developed egg stages by predatory fish in the central Baltic Sea, i.e. herring and sprat, is due to an increase of visibility during egg development in relation to growth and pigmentation of the embryo. Thus it is likely that egg mortality due to predation is stage-dependent rather than strictly size-selective. 相似文献
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D. G. GEORGE 《Freshwater Biology》1976,6(5):413-419
This paper describes a deck-mounted pumping system developed for collecting discrete, sequential plankton and water samples while also providing a continuous record of sampling depth, water temperature, turbidity and in vivo chlorophyll. It includes some results obtained with the equipment during a study of factors influencing the horizontal distribution of crustacean plankton in the lake Windermere. 相似文献
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Quaiser A López-García P Zivanovic Y Henn MR Rodriguez-Valera F Moreira D 《Environmental microbiology》2008,10(10):2704-2717
Acidobacteria constitute a still poorly studied phylum that is well represented in soils. Recent studies suggest that members of this phylum may be also abundant in deep-sea plankton, but their relative abundance and ecological role in this ecosystem are completely unknown. A recent screening of three metagenomic deep-sea libraries of bathypelagic plankton from the South Atlantic (1000 m depth), the Adriatic (1000 m depth) and the Ionian (3000 m depth) seas in the Mediterranean revealed an unexpected relative proportion of acidobacterial fosmids, which affiliated to the Solibacterales (Group 3), to the Group 11 and, most frequently, to the Group 6 of this diverse phylum. Here, we present the comparative analysis of 11 acidobacterial genome fragments containing the rrn operon from these Mediterranean libraries. A highly conserved syntenic region spanning up to 30 kb and containing up to 25 open reading frames was shared by Group 6 Acidobacteria. Synteny was also partially conserved in distantly related acidobacterial genome fragments derived from a metagenomic soil library, indicating a remarkable conservation of this genomic region within these Acidobacteria. A search for Acidobacteria-specific hits in directly comparable, available fosmid-end sequences from soil and marine metagenomic libraries showed a significant increase of their relative proportion in plankton libraries as a function of increasing depth reaching, at high depth, levels nearly comparable to those of soil. Thus, our results suggest that Acidobacteria are abundant and represent a significant proportion of the microbial community in the deep-sea ecosystem. 相似文献
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Stereo "3D" depth perception requires the visual system to extract binocular disparities between the two eyes' images. Several current models of this process, based on the known physiology of primary visual cortex (V1), do this by computing a piecewise-frontoparallel local cross-correlation between the left and right eye's images. The size of the "window" within which detectors examine the local cross-correlation corresponds to the receptive field size of V1 neurons. This basic model has successfully captured many aspects of human depth perception. In particular, it accounts for the low human stereoresolution for sinusoidal depth corrugations, suggesting that the limit on stereoresolution may be set in primary visual cortex. An important feature of the model, reflecting a key property of V1 neurons, is that the initial disparity encoding is performed by detectors tuned to locally uniform patches of disparity. Such detectors respond better to square-wave depth corrugations, since these are locally flat, than to sinusoidal corrugations which are slanted almost everywhere. Consequently, for any given window size, current models predict better performance for square-wave disparity corrugations than for sine-wave corrugations at high amplitudes. We have recently shown that this prediction is not borne out: humans perform no better with square-wave than with sine-wave corrugations, even at high amplitudes. The failure of this prediction raised the question of whether stereoresolution may actually be set at later stages of cortical processing, perhaps involving neurons tuned to disparity slant or curvature. Here we extend the local cross-correlation model to include existing physiological and psychophysical evidence indicating that larger disparities are detected by neurons with larger receptive fields (a size/disparity correlation). We show that this simple modification succeeds in reconciling the model with human results, confirming that stereoresolution for disparity gratings may indeed be limited by the size of receptive fields in primary visual cortex. 相似文献