小麦不同生育期的耐盐性差异

大麦苏啤一号在不同的生育期进行盐处理对产量的影响不同。播种出苗期和花粉母细胞形成至受精结束这两个时期对盐渍较为敏感,其次是灌浆成熟期和苗期。幼穗分化期对盐胁迫相对较不敏感。播种出苗期盐处理对种子萌发率影响不大,但严重抑制幼苗的早期胜长和分蘖;另一方面,花粉母细胞形成期盐处理会显著影响小孢子的发育,降低花粉活力,使结实率下降,这可能是花粉母细胞形成受精结束这段时期对盐胁迫敏感的一个重要原因。     

高温敏感不育水稻育性敏感期幼穗和叶片中的总RNA含量变化(简报)

在育性敏感的两个时期──花粉母细胞形成期和花粉母细胞减数分裂期,１３５６Ｓ和衡农Ｓ－２不育株幼穗的总ＲＮ Ａ含量极显著低于可育株,分别是可育株的４２．３％、４６．５％、４１．８％和４０．１％,这必然影响花粉母细胞形成及分裂所必需的蛋白质的合成,以致花粉不能正常发育,最终导致花粉败育。     

新型光温敏小麦不育系337S的组织结构研究

普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)不育系337S是一种对短日低温、长日高温均敏感不育的新型光温敏雄性不育系。对经过短日低温、长日高温处理的不育系花药及其小孢子的形态和发育过程进行了观察,观察结果表明,不育系337S的花药异常短小,开花后花丝短,花药难外露。花药发育过程中中层组织发育紊乱,绒毡层提前解体,影响了花粉母细胞发育所需的营养供应,导致短日低温处理下的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ和长日高温处理下的花粉母细胞发育时期花粉母细胞发育异常,形成异常小孢子,造成败育。     

高温敏感不育水稻育性敏感期幼穗和叶片中的总RNA含量变化

在育性敏感的两个时期－花粉母细胞形成期和花粉母细胞减数分裂期,１３５６Ｓ和衡农Ｓ－２不育株幼的总ＲＮＡ含量极显著低于可育株,分别是可育株的４２．３％,４６．５％,４１．８％和４０．１％,这必然影响花粉母细胞形成及分裂所必需的蛋白质的合成,以致花粉不能正常发育,最终导致花粉败育。     

籼型常规早稻穗分化期低温对颖花形成和籽粒充实的影响

以籼型常规早稻中嘉早17为材料,于盆栽条件下采用人工气候箱控温,在水稻穗分化一次枝梗原基分化期(Ⅱ)与花粉母细胞减数分裂期(Ⅵ)进行17和20 ℃的低温胁迫处理,研究不同低温对水稻枝梗、颖花分化与退化及籽粒充实的影响.结果表明： 与对照相比,不同低温处理均显著降低每穗枝梗及颖花分化数和现存数,颖花现存数降幅为7.2%～12.4%,同时增加了枝梗和颖花的退化数,影响了花粉活性、花药开裂等花器官发育,导致籽粒充实不良,以17 ℃低温胁迫效应更明显.穗分化Ⅵ期低温处理总枝梗和颖花分化数与现存数低于穗分化Ⅱ期,但二次枝梗和颖花退化数较多,颖花退化数较穗分化Ⅱ期高11.6%;穗分化Ⅱ期低温处理穗部籽粒结实率显著低于穗分化Ⅵ期,降幅达3.7%,主要与花粉粒活性、柱头花粉散落数、花药开裂系数和籽粒充实度受低温影响较大有关.另外,穗分化Ⅱ、Ⅵ两时期受17 ℃低温胁迫效应大于20 ℃.综合穗分化两时期低温胁迫效应的差异,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控.     

人工海水胁迫下小麦芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定方法

本文采用不同浓度人工海水分别在小麦芽期和苗期进行胁迫处理,筛选不同时期、不同耐盐指标的适合处理浓度,并利用模糊数学隶属函数法计算各指标的隶属值,通过比较芽期、苗期各指标隶属值总平均值的大小来确定小麦品种耐盐性的强弱。建立了65%人工海水相对发芽率与40%人工海水相对芽长两指标相结合的小麦芽期耐盐性鉴定方法;以及在40%人工海水处理下综合株高增长量、根长增长量、地上部干重与地下部干重4个指标相对值的小麦苗期耐盐性鉴定方法。运用这两个鉴定方法可以有效地区分16个小麦品种在人工海水胁迫下的耐盐性差异。     

高羊茅花粉母细胞减数分裂及其雄性不育的细胞生理学研究

为探讨高羊茅雄性不育株A22013189的小孢子发育过程及其败育的生理学机理,以可育株189为对照,对其结实能力、花粉活力、花粉母细胞减数分裂进程中的染色体行为及生理生化特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)不育株A22013189花粉数量少,花粉粒空瘪皱褶,自交不结实,在杂交中作父本获得杂交后代的可能性极小。(2)从减数分裂前期Ⅰ至四分体时期,不育株A22013189花粉母细胞存在大量落后染色体、染色体桥和断片、微核、单价染色体、不均等分离、染色体分裂不同步、游离染色体、三分体、60°纺锤体、染色体缺失等异常现象,初步分析这些小孢子异常分裂是导致高羊茅花粉败育的细胞学原因之一。(3)不育株A22013189的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量在整个发育时期都显著低于同期可育株189;苗期至造孢细胞期,A22013189游离脯氨酸含量与可育株189无显著差异,但减数分裂期至花粉成熟期,A22013189游离脯氨酸含量却显著低于同期可育株189;苗期至造孢细胞期,A22013189丙二醛含量显著低于同期可育株189,但小孢子进入减数分裂期后,A22013189丙二醛的增加速度和积累量明显高于同期可育株189。研究发现,高羊茅雄性不育株花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为异常,生长发育过程存在物质能量代谢降低,有害物质积累现象。研究结果对于高羊茅败育机理研究及杂交育种亲本选择有重要的理论指导意义。     

植物的受精作用——第二讲 花粉在柱头上萌发和花粉管进入胚囊的途径

被子植物的受精过程可认为是从花粉落到雌蕊的柱头上开始至精卵完成融合结束,一般将花粉萌发至花粉管进入胚囊和释放出精子这一段时期称为配子融合前阶段,而精卵融合的时期称配子融合阶段。在这一讲介绍有关配子融合前阶段发生的事态。     

光温条件对短光低温不育水稻育性转换的影响

短光低温不育水稻是一类与长光高温不育水稻育性转换特性相反的新种质,通过对分期播种材料自然条件下的育性及人工短光处理后的育性比较分析表明,宜DIS的光敏期为第一苞分化期至第二次枝梗原基和小穗原基分化期（幼穗分化I－III期）,在常温下光敏期的短日处理可使育性趋于不育,但在高温下光敏期短日不育效应被削弱,宜DIS的花粉育性在高,低温作用下育性的均出现下降,根据高,低温影响育性的资料分析得到的敏感期基本一致,即花粉母细胞形成期至花粉内容物充实期（幼穗分化V－Ⅶ期）。     

小麦种质芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定评价

【目的】研究不同来源小麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,筛选耐盐性较好的品种（系）,探索不同生育期小麦耐盐性鉴定的适合盐浓度,为小麦耐盐鉴定及耐盐小麦品种选育提供参考。【方法】对来源不同的293份小麦种质,在1.5%NaCl盐溶液下进行盐胁迫处理,调查各种质的芽期相对盐害指数;选择芽期相对耐盐指数小于40%的24份小麦资源,在苗期进行不同盐浓度胁迫鉴定,测量不同处理的根长及苗高相对生长率。【结果】筛选出16份芽期相对盐害指数小于20%的高耐盐种质和42份芽期相对盐害指数20-40%耐盐的小麦种质;苗期鉴定表明1.0% NaCl盐浓度为合适的筛选浓度、根长相对生长率为适合的苗期耐盐性鉴定指标,以此为鉴定技术筛选出了Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份芽期及苗期均表现耐盐的优异小麦种质;【结论】来源不同的小麦资源中芽期综合耐盐性大小依次为地方品种>国外引进品种>中间试验品系;Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份耐盐小麦种质可作为小麦耐盐育种新种质。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.