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1.
经典植物分类学家与植物标本馆密不可分,标本馆所藏标本为其研究提供材料,而分类学家在野外标本采集则丰富标本馆馆藏。中国许多植物分类学家既做深入研究,又做艰辛之采集,秦仁昌便是其中一位,只是其蕨类植物研究名声过大,以致掩盖了他对标本馆的贡献。  相似文献   

2.
简介了《世界植物标本馆索引》的现状,并对《世界植物标本馆索引》中收录的中国信息进行了分析,同时对相关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
刘艳艳  史志远  李家美 《广西植物》2022,42(Z1):110-115
高校标本馆作为重要的科普和教学实践基地,是连接大学与社会的桥梁,在提升高校社会影响力和加快高校发展中起着重要作用。目前,高校标本馆普遍存在经费少和缺乏管理等问题。如何立足高校现状,有效解决标本采集和标本数字化过程中耗时耗力的难题,建设具有地方特色的新型植物标本馆,是高校标本馆建设关注的焦点之一。该文以河南农业大学植物标本馆新馆建设为例,介绍了河南农业大学标本馆成立以来,充分发挥高校的人力资源优势,让学生通过实验课或野外实习积极参与新型植物标本馆的建设,基本实现了标本采集、制作、鉴定和数字化的同步进行。在这一过程中,既有效锻炼了学生能力,加深了学生对植物形态的认识,发挥了植物标本馆在教学、科学研究及科学普及中的积极作用,又极大地丰富了标本馆馆藏量,有效地促进了高校新型植物标本馆的发展。  相似文献   

4.
经典植物分类学家与植物标本馆密不可分,标本馆所藏标本为其研究提供材料,而分类学家在野外标本采集则丰富标本馆馆藏。中国许多植物分类学家既做深入研究,又做艰辛之采集,秦仁昌便是其中一位,只是其蕨类植物研究名声过大,以致掩盖了他对标本馆的贡献。  相似文献   

5.
标本馆的起源和发展植物标本馆又称植物标本室,顾名思义是收藏植物标本的地方。这些标本通常是经过干燥后,小心装订在硬台纸板上,贴上有关的资料(包括记录采集时间、  相似文献   

6.
植物学的基础分支学科是植物分类学,对这门分支学科的兴起,欧洲人做出了重要贡献。公元前约300年,希腊植物学家泰奥弗拉斯图斯将全部植物区分为乔木、灌木、半灌木和草本四大类,他同时认识  相似文献   

7.
为充分利用植物标本信息,从植物标本与物种信息系统数据库中对中国科学院华南植物园标本馆维管植物标本数据进行了统计和分析。结果表明,该馆馆藏标本统计时已录入696298号、716469份腊叶标本,分别隶属于354科5813属48707种(包含亚种、变种及变型),其中包括蕨类植物59科253属2105种(包含亚种、变种及变型)、裸子植物11科64属 557种(包含亚种、变种及变型)、被子植物284科5496属46045种(包含亚种、变种及变型)。标本分别采自中国33个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区以及其它107个国家或地区(98个国家,9个地区或岛屿);国内标本采自广东省的最多,国外标本采自美国的最多。其中模式标本6351号,隶属于194科938属4373种。还对标本馆今后的采集工作提出了建议。这些数据为科学研究提供了宝贵的数据资源。  相似文献   

8.
模式标本是植物分类和命名的依据和凭证,也是植物资源保护与持续利用的重要基本资料。为提高模式标本的管理水平,促进其充分利用和互惠共享,该文对广西植物标本馆(IBK)馆藏模式标本的种类组成、采集地、采集年代及采集人等方面进行了统计和分析。结果表明:(1)本馆完成信息数字化的模式标本共计4 645号,5 736份,隶属于170科619属2 128种(含种下等级),馆藏模式标本收集的优势科有樟科、苦苣苔科、茜草科、山茶科、兰科、荨麻科、百合科、猕猴桃科、大戟科、柿科和杜鹃花科等,优势属有秋海棠属、蜘蛛抱蛋属、马兜铃属、紫金牛属和冬青属等。(2)模式标本分别采自中国的20个省(区、市)以及其他2个国家,模式标本采集较多的省区有广西(48.19%)、海南(24.14%)和广东(11.63%)。(3)历年模式标本采集高峰期在20世纪30年代和50年代,模式标本命名高峰期在20世纪80年代,与我国植物分类学的兴起,以及开展《中国植物志》编研等有关,模式标本的橱柜时间(标本采集到命名的时间间隔)平均为21年,橱柜时间最长为82年。该文还对模式标本的馆藏现状及数字化工作进行了讨论和展望。  相似文献   

9.
1.法国国立自然历史博物馆(P)国家:法国标本数量:8000000份建立年份:1635年馆藏特色:全球性标本,侧重于于非洲、东南亚、法国、欧洲和马达加斯加标本;以保藏有法国传教士19世纪末前后在中国西南各省采集的标本著称。  相似文献   

10.
曹子余   《广西植物》1993,(3):289-293
<正> 1981年至1990年十年间世界植物标本馆有了很大的发展,发展的主要标志是标本数量的增加。从统计数字来看,越是发达的国家他们的标本增加的也越快。如瑞典自然博物馆十年间增加标本160万份,以年均增加16万份的速度发展,十年增加的数字等于我们北京植物研究所标本的全部。因此其规模也由原来的第8位跃居第4位。如果以一个国家总体来说,美国则发展的最快,标本馆系统也最发达,他们占据了几个第一:大  相似文献   

11.
毕培曦   《广西植物》1988,(1):65-74
毕培曦博士在本文中提出我国植物标本室代号的统一问题很值得注意,应该求得解决,达到国内、外使用统一代号,以利中外学术交流,促进本学科发展。至于如何解决,希望同行们提出宝贵意见,写给本刊编辑部,以便刊出,公开讨论。  相似文献   

12.
An inventory of critical type material in the recently rediscovered Kraenzlin Orchid Herbarium is presented. In addition, a partial inventory of type material of Orchidaceae conserved in the general herbarium at Hamburg (HBG) is presented as a guide to the collections.  相似文献   

13.
    
Urban agroecosystems can provide habitat for biodiversity and can benefit human communities through urban food provisioning. Moreover, urban agroecosystems could be managed so as to optimize ecosystem services like natural pest control provided by trophic interactions between natural enemies and herbivores. As in other ecosystems, predation and parasitism regulate herbivores in urban settings, but less is known about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects at local and landscape scales in highly managed urban agroecosystems. We collected data on herbivore (cabbage aphid) density and parasitism ratios (proportion of parasitized aphid “mummies”) in 25 community gardens in three counties in the California central coast, USA. We used structural equation modeling to examine the effects of direct factors (host plant characteristics and parasitism) and indirect factors (soil, garden, and landscape characteristics) on herbivore density changes at two time points in the growing season (June and August). Aphid density, but not parasitism, varied across counties over the season, and there was a strong negative relationship between aphid density and parasitism. Direct effects were strong drivers of aphid density but not parasitism. In June, aphid density increased with host plant volume but decreased with greater floral density, while parasitism was only influenced by aphid density. In August, host plant volume similarly positively affected aphid density, and soil water holding capacity increased host plant volume. In addition, host plant density had a strong negative effect on parasitism. Urban gardeners may be able to reduce aphid pest densities by increasing floral resource density and strategically spatially distributing host plants throughout garden beds, though these processes depend on the season. The indirect effects of soil water holding capacity on aphid densities further suggest a critical role of human management on pest populations and pest control services through soil amendments and irrigation.  相似文献   

14.
川西农区小型兽类分布研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
经3个监测点三年定位布夹监测数据分析发现,川西农区田间小兽的密度分布有明显的院落依托性,即离院落越近的农田中密度越高。分布模式呈Logistic曲线。家栖鼠(如褐家鼠、小家鼠)比野栖鼠(如大足鼠和黑线姬鼠)更集中于院落周围。不同季节的密度分布有显著差异,春、夏季多集中在离院落50—70米范围。秋、冬季别离院落越近,其密度越高。  相似文献   

15.
Experimental exclosure of birds and bats constitutes a powerful tool to study the impacts of wildlife on pests and crop yields in agricultural systems. Though widely utilized, exclosure experiments are not standardized across studies. Indeed, key differences surrounding the design, materials, and protocols for implementing field-based exclosure experiments of flying vertebrates increase heterogeneity across studies, and limit our understanding of biodiversity-friendly land use management. We reviewed the available literature on studies in which bird and bat exclosures were applied to study pest control in agricultural settings, and isolated 30 studies from both tropical and temperate land use systems, involving 12 crop types across 14 countries. Focusing on exclosure effects on crop yield, we analyzed effect detectability for a subset of suitable data. We then analyzed the potential of exclosure methods and possible extensions to improve our understanding of complex food webs and ecosystem services affecting the productivity of agricultural systems. While preferences exist in materials (e.g., nylon nets and bamboo frames), experimental exclosure studies of birds and bats differed greatly in their respective design, related costs, and effort — limiting the generalization and transferability of results at larger spatial scales. Most studies were based on experiments conducted in the United States and the Neotropics, mainly in coffee and cacao farms. A lack of preliminary or long-term data with repeated measurements makes it impossible to apply power analysis in most studies. Common constraints include, among other things, the choice of material and experimental duration, as well as the consideration of local versus landscape factors. We discuss such limitations, related common pitfalls, and options for optimization to inform improved planning, design, and execution of exclosure studies. By doing so, we aim to promote more comparable and transferable approaches in future field research on biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services.  相似文献   

16.
    
The possibility of using sphecid wasps to control acridid pests is discussed. A list of 19 Ethiopian species that could be utilized for this purpose is provided.  相似文献   

17.
Termites are typical house pests that can also be harmful pests for living trees, although this topic has not received much attention. To clarify the damage to trees caused by dry-wood termites (Neotermes koshunensis), and the ecological characteristics of such damage, we conducted a study on Taiwan cherry trees (Cerasus campanulata) grown in parks, historical sites, and streets in the central-southern area of Okinawa Island, a subtropical region. Damage by N. koshunensis was confirmed in 21 of the 36 sites surveyed (58.3%) and in 76 of the 1076 trees surveyed (7.1%). However, damage by Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus), a house pest, was only observed at six sites (16.7%), and 10 trees (0.9%), indicating that most damage was caused by N. koshunensis. Furthermore, the probability of the presence of damaged trees close to other damaged trees was significantly higher than the probability of the presence of damaged trees close to undamaged trees, implying that destructive colonies spread from damaged trees to other trees nearby. Therefore, care for trees in the initial stages of termite invasion seems to be the best method for preventing the spread N. koshunensis damage to other trees in the same area. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that dry-wood termite N. koshunensis are harmful pests for Taiwan cherry trees in Okinawa Island. Our results could be used to establish dry-wood termite countermeasures for garden tree species.  相似文献   

18.
以Cissus quadrangularis L.为材料用不同的技术处理并比较其收缩程度、色彩保真程度以及茎附属物的保留情况。试验了3种常规预处理方法及2种针对肉质组织的处理方法,并进行ANOVA(Analysis of variance)分析,结果显示3种常规植物标本预处理方法明显不同(P<0.005),用LSD(least significant difference)分析方法分析得出深冷冻法对植物标本造成的损害比汽油法(LSD=1.708)和福尔马林法(LSD=2.065)要小;汽油法和福尔马林法处理后得到的标本质量无明显差别。用ANOVA法分析醋酸法、纵切法得到的标本及未经任何处理的标本,它们的效果也有明显不同(P<0.001),醋酸法得到的标本比纵切法(LSD=2.371)和未经任何处理得到的标本(LSD=2.138)效果更好,而纵切法和未经任何处理得到的标本并无明显不同(LSD=0.233NS)。醋酸处理法制作小型肉质植物标本其效果得到了植物标本馆工作者的肯定。  相似文献   

19.
林区鼢鼠鼠害的主要特征及其生态控制对策   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
刘仁华  刘炳友 《兽类学报》1997,17(4):272-278
本文对东北鼢鼠危害特征及树木被害原因进行了分析,研究了杂草对鼢鼠分布的影响,明确了杂草是鼢鼠数量分布的限定性因素。利用各种方法除去林间杂草,切断鼢鼠食物来源可做为治理鼢鼠的生态措施。在此基础上,进行了翻耕抚林、人工锄草、化学除草、林农复合生态控制措施试验,取得较好的防治效果。  相似文献   

20.
士的宁杀灭高原鼢鼠的试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
士的宁(strychnine)是从番木鳖(Shrychox nuxvomica)种子提得的一种生物碱。作为兴奋剂用于医疗方面和作为生化试剂使用,但作为杀鼠剂用来防治害鼠,国内尚未见有报道。在国外,士的宁被用于防治危害森林草地、作物地内的地下鼠和其它有害哺乳动物(Marsh,1978;Barnes,1980;Crouch,1980;Anthony,1984)。作者于1983-1984年期间针对草原主要害鼠之一--高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)进行了灭杀试验研究。  相似文献   

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