金属离子对酵母胞内核黄素产量的影响

研究了金属离子对脆壁酵母 (Saccharomycesefragilis)RY 5胞内核黄素积累的影响 ,运用均匀设计方法进行了培养基优化。结果表明 :Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 对RY 5的核黄素产量有着显著影响 ,培养基中金属离子的最佳浓度为 :MgSO4·7H2 O 1 .1g/L ;CoSO4·7H2 O 2 8mg/L ;CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 1mg/L ;MnCl2 0 .0 2mg/L ;ZnSO4·7H2 O 3 4mg/L ;FeSO4·7H2 O 1 4mg/L ,RY 5的核黄素产量可达 1 40mg/kg。     

拉曼被孢霉F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的最适碳源、氮源、发酵时间及温度、无机盐离子添加、最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨.最适发酵培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖100,酵母浸出粉4,蛋白胨1,K2HPO4 1,CaCl2 1×10-2,MgSO45×10-2,FeSO4 1×10-2,ZnSO4 7.5×10-3,CuSO4 0.5 × 10-5,MnSO4 2×10-3,pH 6.0.培养温度为25℃,140r/min振荡培养10天,培养8天后(即收获前2天)补加5%葡萄糖.发酵结果为:DC24.59g/L,TL 10.84g/L,TL/DC44.09%,GLA/TL10.67%,GLA产量为1156.63 mg/L. GLA产量较初始结果提高156.15%.该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求.     

仙鹤藓属（Atrichum）藓类植物组织培养再生体系的建立

报道了仙鹤藓（Atrichum undulatum(Hedw.)P.Beauv.)和仙鹤藓小形变种（Atrichum undulatum var.minus(Hedw.)Par.)的组织培养再生体系的建立。为研究仙鹤藓属（Atrichum)藓类愈伤组织的诱导和再分化,将仙鹤藓和仙鹤藓小形变种原丝体接种在含有4%葡萄糖和0.2-2.0mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上,培养一个月后,成功地诱导出疏松、易碎的绿色愈伤组织。愈伤组织诱导和常规继代培养较适合的培养基为含4%葡萄糖和1-2mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基。当将继代培养5次的脱分化藓类愈伤组织转移到含4%葡萄糖但无任何激素的MS培养基上时,能再分化形成原丝体,而在无任何碳源的Benecke培养基土培养时,能再分化形成经原丝体阶段发育来的直立配子体。     

稀土元素对短叶对齿藓生理生化的研究

通过测定分析3个主要生理指标过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和叶绿素含量的变化,研究了短叶对齿藓组培苗在6个不同浓度梯度的轻稀土La³⁺,Ce⁴⁺和重稀土Y³⁺单一元素胁迫下的生理响应和变化。结果如下：（1）短叶对齿藓体内的过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量各处理组均低于对照组;Ce⁴⁺元素在3.55×10^-2 mmol·L^-1时显著提高了POD活性,在7.1×10^-2 mmol·L^-1时显著增加了膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量。表明短叶对齿藓对Ce⁴⁺元素胁迫响应较强;而La³⁺元素各处理浓度间POD的变化较为平缓,胁迫响应较弱;Y³⁺处理居中。（2）较低浓度的La³⁺（1.8×10^-2 mmol·L^-1）和Ce⁴⁺（3.55×10^-2 mmol·L^-1）时显著提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量;3种稀土元素在较高浓度时叶绿素的含量均有明显下降。本研究为进一步探明白云鄂博稀土矿区的苔藓植物生长发育受稀土元素的影响奠定了基础。     

短叶对齿藓组织培养的研究

以采自白云鄂博主矿区的短叶对齿藓为试验材料,研究了不同消毒剂以及不同浓度植物激素6-BA和IAA对短叶对齿藓愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响。结果表明:短叶对齿藓配子体最佳消毒剂及作用时间为体积浓度百分比75%乙醇浸泡30s,再用质量浓度0.1g/L升汞消毒90s;采用Knop培养基培养短叶对齿藓茎叶段,质量浓度为0.1mg/L 6-BA促进愈伤组织分化形成配子体,质量浓度1.0mg/L 6-BA则抑制短叶对齿藓愈伤组织形成,IAA有助于原丝体的萌发生长。     

梨蒴珠藓愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生研究

以梨蒴珠藓无菌藓株为外植体诱导愈伤组织和配子体再生,接种于含不同激素组合的MS和Knop固体培养基上,分别进行愈伤组织和不定芽的分化,并探讨愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生的适宜培养条件.结果显示,愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,愈伤组织诱导率为33.3%;不定芽诱导的最佳...     

枸杞髓组织培养中体细胞胚胎发生与过氧化物酶同工酶分析

枸杞髓组织在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L培养基上诱导愈伤组织发生。在 MS+6 - BA0 .1mg/ L+NAA0 .5mg/ L+CH50 0 mg/ L培养基上继代培养 ,再转入 MS+6 - BA2 mg/L +NAA 0 .5mg/ L的分化培养基上进行分化培养。显微观察表明 ,在培养过程中愈伤组织细胞由非胚性细胞转变为胚性细胞 ,直至发育成体细胞胚胎和完整植株 ;电泳结果显示 ,体细胞胚胎发生的各阶段 ,其过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化。     

八角莲组织培养研究

以八角莲种子为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,对八角莲进行组织培养研究。结果表明:种子在MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+GA34.0mg/L培养基上容易萌芽,发芽率为72.4 %;培养基MS+BA10.0mg/L+GA30.5 mg/L可诱导种子幼苗形成丛生芽;继代繁殖在MS+BA(8.0～10 .0)mg/L+GA32 .0mg/L与低浓度BA或无BA的培养基上进行循环培养效果较好;MS+NAA1.0 mg/L+AC0.2g/L适宜诱导生根获得再生植株,生根率100%。带叶叶柄在MS+BA1.0mg/L+2-ip(0.5～1.0) mg/L+NAA0.02 mg/L培养基上可诱导愈伤及根,直接形成再生植株。生根苗移栽成活率90 %。     

药用植物川东獐牙菜的组织培养

针对川东獐牙菜野生资源受到严重破坏的情况 ,系统地探讨了通过组织培养为手段进行人工繁殖的方法 ,旨在为川东獐牙菜的保护提供坚实的理论依据。研究结果表明 :在所有的实验方案中 ,幼茎和老叶是理想的外植体材料。对叶片来说 ,较适宜的诱导愈伤组织的激素组合是 Zt1.0 m g/L +NAA 0 .0 5m g/L +IBA0 .0 5mg/L、BA 0 .5m g/L+2 ,4 - D0 .5mg/L或 BA 0 .2 m g/L+2 ,4 - D0 .2 mg/L+IBA0 .1m g/L ,对茎段来说 ,较适宜的诱导愈伤组织的激素组合是 BA0 .0 5m g/L+kt0 .0 5mg/L+IBA0 .0 5m g/L;诱导不定芽的适宜激素组合是 BA2 .0 mg/L+N AA0 .0 5mg/L或 BA 2 .0 mg/L+IBA 0 .1m g/L ;而根的诱导则是 MS+BA 0 .0 5mg/L+kt1.0 mg/L+N AA0 .1m g/L或 MS+BA1.0 m g/L+kt0 .3mg/L +IA A0 .5mg/L培养基上进行。     

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的纯化及其性质研究

青霉菌m8产胞外木聚糖酶的适合培养基 (g/L) :含麦草粉 4 0 ,(NH4) 2 SO44.5 ,KH2 PO41.0 ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .5 ,NaCl 0 .3,Tween80 3.0 ,CaCO3 1.0。培养物中该酶经过离子交换和分子筛层析两步处理 ,粗酶被浓缩了 31倍 ,比活力达 4 6 7,收率为 5 0 %。该酶的最适 pH值为 4 .5 ,最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,可被K+ ,Ca2 + ,Mg2 + 离子激活 ,而被Ag+ ,Fe3 + 和Cu2 + 离子纯化 ,其Km值为 4 .8× 10 -2 g/L。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism