Synthesis of 3'-3'-linked oligonucleotides branched by a pentaerythritol linker and the thermal stabilities of the triplexes with single-stranded DNA or RNA

Synthesis of 3'-3'-linked oligonucleotides branched by a pentaerythritol linker is described. The branched oligonucleotides were synthesized on a DNA/RNA synthesizer using a controlled pore glass (CPG) with a pentaerythritol linker carrying 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) and levulinyl (Lev) groups. The stability of the triplexes between the branched oligonucleotides and the target single-stranded DNA or RNA was studied by thermal denaturation. The oligonucleotides with the pentaerythritol linker formed thermally stable triplexes with the single-stranded DNA and RNA. Furthermore, the branched oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, especially the oligonucleotide composed of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, stabilized the triplexes with the single-stranded DNA or RNA. Thus, the branched oligonucleotide containing 2'-O-methylribonucleosides may be a candidate for a novel antisense molecule by the triplex formation.     

Chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides for structural studies

Large-scale synthesis of oligoribonucleotides has been performed successfully on a solid support by the phosphoramidite approach using levulinyl and tetrahydrofuranyl protection for the 5'- and 2'-hydroxyl groups respectively. A hexamer containing inosine and four fragments of a hammerhead-type ribozyme have been synthesized on a 10 mumol scale for structural studies by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.     

Second generation of cycloSal-pronucleotides with esterase-cleavable sites: the "lock-in"-concept

A conceptual extension of the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach is presented. The characteristic feature of the new cycloSal-derivatives of the anti-HIV active nucleoside analogue d4T 1 is the incorporation of an enzymatically cleavable carboxylic ester moiety with the intention to trap the triesters inside cells ("lock-in"-concept). CycloSal-triesters bearing different ester groups in the 3-or 5-position of the cycloSal-moiety are described. Surprisingly, only acetyl-and levulinyl esters are cleaved readily in CEM cell extracts while alkyl esters were found to be stable. Nevertheless, in in-vitro anti-HIV assays most of the compounds achieve the thymidine-kinase bypass, thus proving that they act at least as nucleotide delivery systems.     

Second Generation of cycloSal‐Pronucleotides with Esterase‐Cleavable Sites: The ”Lock‐In”‐Concept

A conceptual extension of the cycloSal‐pronucleotide approach is presented. The characteristic feature of the new cycloSal‐derivatives of the anti‐HIV active nucleoside analogue d4T 1 is the incorporation of an enzymatically cleavable carboxylic ester moiety with the intention to trap the triesters inside cells (”lock‐in”‐concept). CycloSal‐triesters bearing different ester groups in the 3‐or 5‐position of the cycloSal‐moiety are described. Surprisingly, only acetyl‐and levulinyl esters are cleaved readily in CEM cell extracts while alkyl esters were found to be stable. Nevertheless, in in‐vitro anti‐HIV assays most of the compounds achieve the thymidine–kinase bypass, thus proving that they act at least as nucleotide delivery systems.     

Influence of the war in Croatia on the frequency of gynecological cancer in the University Hospital Osijek in the period from 1985 to 2002

The aim of this study is to estimate the influence of war in Croatia on the frequency of gynecological cancer (cancer of corpus and cervix uteri and ovary) in the Clinical Hospital Osijek, particularly the relation between the pre-war and post-war period. We analyzed 1455 patients with corpus uteri and cervix uteri cancer and ovarian cancer treated in the Clinical Hospital Osijek in the period 1985-2002 (group I). Patients from Osjecko-Baranjska County were analyzed separately--1273 women, (group II) and in the group III there were 182 patients from other counties. The analyzed period was divided into: pre-war 1985-1990, war 1991-1993 and post-war period 1997-2002. In all three groups the number of patients treated for gynecological cancer was significantly larger in the post-war period (group I, N = 611, group II, N = 498, group III, N = 113) than in the pre-war period (group I, N = 457, group II, N = 433, group III, N = 24). The analysis of cancer frequency in relation to the site shows that a total number of patients treated for cervical cancer was larger in the post-war (N = 229) than in the pre-war period (N = 214), but the difference wasn't significant. However, the number of patients from Osjecko-baranjska County treated for cervical cancer was larger in the pre-war (N = 207) than in the post-war period (N = 178) but still, the difference wasn't significant. The number of patients treated for corpus uteri cancer and ovarian cancer was significantly larger for the I group in the post-war (N = 225 and N = 157 respectively) than in the pre-war period (N = 136, and N = 107 respectively). In the group II the number of patients treated for corpus uteri cancer and ovarian cancer was larger in the post-war (N = 196 and N = 124 respectively) than in the pre-war period (N = 130 and N = 96 respectively) but the difference was significant only for corpus uteri cancer. Significantly more women were treated for gynecological cancer in the post-war than in the pre-war period. However, the war had probably an indirect influence on the increased number of patients treated for gynecological cancer mainly because many more women arrived from other counties.     

Improving the reproductive performance of Egyptian buffalo cows by changing the management system

The objective of the present study was to determine the possibility to improve the reproductive performance of buffalo cows through the continuous exposure to bull with grazing and free-stall housing management. Sixty-four Egyptian multiparous buffalo cows raised under two different management systems in two farms were used in this study. The cows in the first farm (management system 1, MS1) were loose--housed in a free-stall yard, grazed for 4 h per day, suckled their calves for 2-3 months and were continuously exposed to a fertile bull. The cows in the second farm (management system 2, MS2 ) were confined in an open-fronted tie-stall shed, not grazed, suckled their calves for only 7 days and were exposed to a fertile bull twice per day (30 min per session). All the cows were fed a diet of green berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), rice straw and concentrates to meet their maintenance and production requirements. The cows during both the treatments were milked twice per day after weaning. The cows in both groups were between the second and the sixth parity, weighed 450-480 kg and had average daily milk yields of 5.0-6.0 kg. In each farm, cows were visually checked twice daily at 07:00 and 17:00 h for the signs of oestrus and animals proved standing heat were naturally mated. Rectal palpation was used to monitor uterine involution and for pregnancy diagnosis. Blood was sampled twice per week from 7 to 150 days post-partum for serum progesterone assay. The results revealed that post-partum intervals to each of first ovulation, first oestrus, conception and next parturition were significantly (P < 0.05) shorter in MS1 group than in MS2 group. In the meantime, MS1 increased (P < 0.01) the conception and calving rates by 21 and 25%, respectively compared to MS2. Percentages of post-partum cyclic animals and animals exhibiting ovulatory oestrus were greater (P < 0.01) in MS1 group than in MS2 group. However, the percentage of animals cycling before day 60 post-partum was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in MS1 group than in MS2 group (13% versus 28%). By day 120 post-partum, only 63% of the buffaloes were cycling in MS2 group versus 94% in MS1 group. Percentage of silent ovulation was insignificantly higher in MS2 group (34%) than in MS1 group (25%). However, the percentage of false oestrus was higher (P < 0.01) in MS1 group than in MS2 group (16% versus 3%). In addition, percentage of short ovulatory cycles (15-17 days) was greater (P < 0.01) in MS1 group than in MS2 group, whereas percentage of long ovulatory cycle (25-28 days) was higher (P < 0.01) in MS2 group than in MS1 group. It was concluded that continuous exposure of buffalo cows to a fertile bull with grazing management under free-stall housing system enhances resumption of post-partum ovarian activity and improves conception and calving rates.     

Effect of acute selenium restriction on whole body endogenous selenium and the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool in the adult rat

The time course of changes in whole body endogenous selenium (Se(end)) was investigated during a short-term (7-day) selenium restriction study in the adult rat. The method of continuous feeding with a stable isotope of selenium was used to permit normal intake of selenium while distinguishing between the dietary and endogenous components of body selenium. Additionally, the effect of short-term selenium restriction on the time course of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool (Se-EMP) was investigated. Two groups of adult male rats were intubated with the in vivo stable isotope (74)SeO(3)(2-), then fed a Torula yeast diet (selenium <0.02 microg/g) and either deionized water (-Se group) or deionized water containing selenium as (76)SeO(3)(2-) (0.1 microg selenium/ml) (+Se group). Three animals from each group were killed at 24-hour intervals. Whole body Se(end) and the estimated size of Se-EMP (W(Se-EMP)) were determined using hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for isotopic measurements. Whole body Se(end) decreased linearly in the +Se group (Se degrees (end): 54.4 microg; Se(end) at 3 days: 49.3 +/- 2.1; Se(end) at 7 days: 45.2 +/- 2.2). The decrease was exponential for the -Se group (Se degrees (end): 54.4 microg; Se(end) at 3 days: 42.9 +/- 0.3; Se(end) at 7 days: 42.2 +/- 0.7). The value of W(Se-EMP,pl) (microg) was 19.8 +/- 0.6 at 1 day and 19.7 +/- 1.0 at 7 days for the +Se group. The corresponding values for the -Se group were 15.7 +/- 1.5 and 18.8 +/- 0.4. All respective values of W(Se-EMP,pl) for the -Se group were significantly smaller than for the +Se group (P < 0.05), with the exception of values at days 6 and 7. The value of W(Se-EMP,urine) (microg) was 2.1 +/- 0.2 at 1 day, increasing rapidly to 23.5 +/- 1.5 at 7 days for the +Se group. The corresponding values for the -Se group were 3.0 and 23.1.     

急诊绿色通道提高颅脑外伤患者救治效果的体会

目的:评价建立急诊绿色通道对救治颅脑外伤患者的价值.方法:采用回顾性分析方法,收集我院2007年1月～2012年1月救治的颅脑外伤患者199例,其中急诊绿色通道组111例(A组)和非急诊绿色通道组88例(B组)的救治情况进行比较,分析两组救治的疗效、死亡率及预后.结果:199例颅脑外伤患者中,绿色通道组(A组)111例(55.78％),死亡26例(23.42％),对照组88例(44.22％),死亡30例(34.09％).A组的有效治疗时间较B组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(0.01＜P＜0.05);A组硬膜外血肿(33例)的术前血肿量少于B组(30例),预后较B组好,差异有统计学意义(0.01＜P＜0.05);A组的中重型颅脑外伤的死亡率明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(0.01＜P＜0.05),两组特重性颅脑外伤的死亡率仍较高,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:急诊绿色通道可缩短颅脑外伤患者救治等待时间,改善中重型颅脑外伤患者的预后.     

Classification for congenital anomalies of the hand: the IFSSH classification and the JSSH modification

The purpose of a classification for clinical problems which, except for a few specialized centers, occur only sporadically is to provide a system where these cases can be stored. This should allow all involved investigators to speak the same language; so-doing syndromes can be delinated, frequencies of occurence established and results of--different--treatments compared. A classification system should be simple to use, reliable and uniformly accepted. It should allow space for adaptations and/or extensions. The IFSSH proposed a 7 categories classification based on the proposed classification of Swanson et al. in 1976. This classification, was based on, which was thought in the seventies, etiopathogenic pathways. These 7 groups are: I. Failure of formation; transverse (A), or longitudinal (B) II. Failure of differentiation III. Polydactyly IV. Overgrowth V. Undergrowth VI. Amniotic band syndrome VII. Generalized skeletal syndromes. The extended classification proposed by IFSSH was used to classify 1013 hand differences in 925 hands of 650 patients. We found associated anomalies in 26.7%. The classification was straightforward in 86%, difficult in 6.6% and not possible in 7.8%. Group II was the most numerous group including 513 anomalies. We propose to include in this group the Madelung deformity, the Kirner deformity and congenital trigger fingers and trigger thumbs. In group I the radial and ulnar deficiencies, limited to the hand without forearm deficlencies should be Included. Triphalangeal thumbs are a problem, we suggest it to be listed in group III and consider it as a duplication in length. It is not always possible to evaluate the (transverse) absence of the fingers or hand. Longitudinal deficiencies (group IIB), symbrachydactyly (group V), and amniotic bands (group IV) occasionally develop a phenotype similar to the genuine transverse deficiency (group IA). Recently, the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand (JSSH) (16) proposed an extension/modification of the IFSSH classification. Based on newer knowledge on teratology, symbrachydactyly in all stages were transfered to group I. Two new groups were introduced. A group "failure of finger ray induction" including typical cleft hand (IC), central polydactyly (III) and (bony) syndactyly (II)--was included. Also a group of "unclassifiable" cases was added. This Japanese proposed classification is a real improvement and most clinicians and surgeons tend to use it in the future.     

冷刀系统与宫腔镜下能量系统分别联合芬吗通治疗中重度宫腔粘连疗效对比

摘要 目的：对比分析冷刀系统与宫腔镜下能量系统分别联合芬吗通治疗中重度宫腔粘连疗效。方法：选取2020年1月-2022年1月我院收治的中重度宫腔粘连患者80例为研究对象,分为对照组（n=40）和观察组（n=40）。对照组采用宫腔镜下能量系统联合芬吗通治疗,观察组采用冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗。对比两组临床指标、临床疗效、月经恢复情况、并发症发生情况。结果：观察组手术时间、术中出血量、手术次数、术后出血量均短/少于对照组（P<0.05）。术后12个月观察组临床疗效（90.00%）显著高于对照组（65.00%）（P<0.05）。术后8~14个月两组的月经恢复情况均改善,观察组月经恢复情况较对照组更优（P<0.05）。观察组术后感染、子宫腺肌病、子宫穿孔、水中毒等并发症的总发生率（7.50%）低于对照组（47.50%）（P<0.05）。结论：冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗宫腔粘连具有显著疗效,不仅对患者的危害更小,还有利于月经恢复,减少并发症,改善预后。     

国产西罗莫司与原研品在体内外对细胞影响的比较实验

目的探讨国产西罗莫司与原研品对移植宿主外周血中免疫细胞的影响效果。方法体外实验:人膀胱癌T24细胞体外培养,分别加入国产西罗莫司和原研品,CKK-8法检测并比较细胞增殖活性受抑制的情况。体内实验:建立小鼠异位心脏移植模型,设立对照无手术组(对照组)、移植无治疗组(Tx组)、移植+国产西罗莫司组(Tx+YXK组)、移植+原研品组(Tx+RAPA组)。观察移植心脏搏动情况,受者脾脏的流式细胞学检测,以及脾脏及移植物中免疫细胞浸润的病理检查。流式细胞检测树突状细胞(DC),CD8+细胞和调节性T细胞(Treg),病理组织学检测及免疫组化染色比较两组免疫细胞浸润情况。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果体外实验结果显示,国产西罗莫司与原研品对T24细胞活力影响的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。体内实验结果显示,Tx组移植心脏于第7天停止搏动,Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组在第10天心脏搏动仍有力、节律正常。(1)脾脏流式细胞检测显示,与对照组、Tx组比较,Tx+RAPA组、Tx+YXK组CD11c+I-A+CD86+DC细胞(15.88±4.73、22.90±3.86比4.51±1.57、5.40±2.54)、CD8+淋巴细胞数量(6.32±0.98、6.75±1.34比3.03±1.12、3.23±0.97)均降低,而Tx+RAPA组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+阳性细胞数量(15.06±3.42比7.87±1.95,10.88±2.08)升高(P均<0.05)。Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组3种免疫细胞数量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)移植心脏病理免疫细胞组化染色灰度分析,Tx组、Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组CD4,CD8,IDO和CD11b数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与Tx组比较,Tx+RAPA组和Tx+YXK组CD11c(25143.52±3525.12比12936.30±766.94、14240.60±3124.67)、Foxp3阳性细胞浸润数量(500.78±238.33比46.05±68.16、49.22±25.82)降低(P均<0.05),Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)模型动物脾脏病理免疫细胞组化染色灰度分析,Tx组CD 4和CD8阳性细胞浸润数量较Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组少,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Tx+YXK组和Tx+RAPA组比较,各种细胞染色的IOD值差异均无统计学意义。结论使用国产西罗莫司与原研品两种药物后受者移植心脏和脾脏中的细胞浸润变化一致;在体外对细胞增殖、移植后抗排斥作用和体内免疫细胞的影响表现均一致。     

银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗老年室性期前收缩的临床观察

目的观察银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗老年室性期前收缩的临床疗效。方法将164例老年室性期前收缩患者随机分为两组,对照组82例给予盐酸普罗帕酮片口服,每次150mg,每天3次;治疗组82例,给予银丹心脑通软胶囊,每次3粒,每天3次。两组均用药4周为1个疗程。观察两组临床症状和24h心电图改善情况及副作用。结果两组的临床症状改善率分别为92%和69.5%,治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;24h动态心电图改善率分别为92%和80.5%,两组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对照组的不良反应明显高于治疗组（P〈0.05）。结论银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗老年室性期前收缩的疗效与普罗帕酮相近,但临床症状改善优于普罗帕酮,而且副作用比普罗帕酮小。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨贝那普利联用氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效与安全性。方法:将90例高血压病患者随机分为3组,对照组1(n=30)给予贝那普利片治疗,对照组2(n=30)给予氨氯地平片治疗,观察组(n=30)给予贝那普利片联合氨氯地平片治疗,疗程12周,治疗前和治疗后12周,分析和比较各组患者的收缩压、舒张压、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果:观察组的临床总疗效达93.3%,而对照组1和对照组2分别为63.3%、56.7%,均显著低于观察组(P0.05)。经治疗后,观察组的血压降低程度较对照组1、对照组2更显著(P0.05),而对照组1与对照组2之间比较无明显差别(P0.05);观察组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇改善情况均显著优于对照组1、对照组2(P0.05)。观察组不适症状的发生率为6.7%,显著低于对照组1(26.7%)和对照组2(23.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的疗效和安全性均显著优于单用贝那普利或氨氯地平,值得临床普及推广。     

外科新三联疗法治疗糖尿病足的临床观察

目的:观察外科新三联疗法(外科换药-威伐激光-成纤维细胞生长因子)治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将57例糖尿病足溃疡患者随机分为2组。对照组28例,采用外科换药辅以成纤维细胞生长因子外敷治疗;治疗组29例,在对照组治疗的基础上配合威伐激光照射治疗。疗程为8周,观察两组患者的治疗有效率、愈合时间和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗组和对照组的有效率分别为86.21%、57.14%,治疗组显著高于对照组(P0.05);且治疗组溃疡的愈合时间(39.40±2.24天)较对照组(50.67±2.31天)明显缩短(P0.01)。此外,两组患者均无明显的不良反应发生。结论:外科新三联疗法(外科换药-威伐激光-成纤维细胞生长因子)是治疗糖尿病足溃疡的有效方法,且安全性好。     

海藻糖对猪精子冷冻真空干燥保存效果的影响

猪精子经冷冻干燥后,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下观察其超微结构,并借助辅助生殖技术将其注入猪卵母细胞后,进一步观察受精卵的发育情况。结果表明：海藻糖组雄原核形成率 (68.52％)、卵裂率 (59.17％) 和囊胚率 (19.16％) 优于EDTA组 (64.59％、56.26％和15.62％) 和对照组 (35.36％、52.33％和8.60％) (P＜0.05);海藻糖组的冷冻真空干燥猪精子分别在4℃下保存60、120、180 d,雄原核形成率、卵裂率和囊胚率均无显著差异 (P＞0.05);海藻糖组的冷冻真空干燥猪精子复水化后孵育1 h和2 h,卵裂率、卵裂率和囊胚率均差异显著 (P＜0.05);海藻糖处理组与EDTA处理组中的冷冻真空干燥猪精子分别在4℃和?20℃下保存后各处理组间精子形态差异不显著 (P＞0.05);海藻糖组中B级冷冻真空干燥精子百分数显著多于EDTA处理组 (P＜0.05)。超微结构分析表明,冷冻真空干燥猪精子的损伤主要表现在顶体和颈部的肿胀与缺损、尾部断裂。     

Study About the Effects of Different Fitness Sports on Cognitive Function and Emotion of the Aged

The aim of the study was to explore the effects of different fitness sports on cognitive function and emotion of the aged people. A total of 150 subjects aged between 60 and 70 were recruited from Shenyang Aged University and elderly activity center. All subjects reported no fitness before this study. The aged subjects were divided into five groups, included swimming group (A group), running group (B group), square dancing group (C group), Tai Chi group (D group) and control group (E group) with 30 people in each group. Subjects in each group received exercise intervention continued for 18 months. At baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months after intervention, the P300 test, SECF, HAMD and HAMA scale evaluations were performed. Compared to E group, the P2, N2 and P3 latency and response time in the D group after intervention for 6 months, and in the A–C groups after intervention for 12 months were significantly prolonged. The anxiety symptom and depression levels in the A–D groups after intervention for 12 months were significantly decreased when compared to E group (P < 0. 01), where significantly improved compared with the E group (P < 0. 01). The effect of exercise intervention for Tai Chi group was the most significant. Different fitness sports have marked beneficial effect on cognitive function and emotion of the aged people, especially the Tai Chi exercise.     

Alteration of the cerebrovascular function of endothelin B receptor after subarachnoidal hemorrhage in the rat

The substantial role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) has been demonstrated by numerous experimental and, recently, clinical investigations. Whether the expression or function of the ET(B) receptor is altered in CVS is still unclear, however. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to characterize the cerebroarterial ET(B) receptor function during CVS. Experimental CVS was induced by the rat double-hemorrhage model. Reduction of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was confirmed by magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging. Animals were sacrificed on days 3 (d3) and 5 (d5) after CVS induction. The basilar arteries (BA) were dissected, cut into ring segments, and prepared for measurement of isometric force in an organ bath. Concentration-effect curves (CECs) were constructed by cumulative application of ET-1, acetylcholine (Ach), or sarafotoxin S6c (S6c). Segments with (E+) endothelial function were used. CECs were compared by the maximum effect (E(max)), the pD2, and the shift calculated on the pD2 level. The pD2 is the negative decadic logarithm of the concentration producing the half maximal effect (-log10EC50). After SAH, the relative regional CBF in the d3 and d5 groups was reduced to 63% and 32%, respectively, of the CBF in controls. ET-1 induced a dose-dependent contraction of segments with and segments without CVS. In E+ segments, the E(max) for ET-1 was not significantly changed after SAH (mean values [ +/- SEM] of 104% +/- 4% for the control group, 106% +/- 4% for the d3 group, and 104% +/- 3% for the d5 group). The CECs, however, were significantly shifted to the left versus the control by factors of 2.4 in the d3 group and 3.6 in the d5 group. Relaxation by S6c was significantly reduced after SAH (E(max:) 73% +/- 11% in the control group, 21% +/- 13% in the d3 group, and 13% +/- 8% in the d5 group), whereas relaxation associated with Ach was not significantly changed (E(max): 45% +/- 7% in the control group, 56% +/- 6% in the d3 group, and 43% +/- 6% in the d5 group). Significant contraction by S6c was not observed in E+ and E - segments in any of the study groups. The present data indicate the loss of the ET(B) receptor-mediated relaxation of the cerebral arteries in cases of CVS, which is independent of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase level.     

细胞粘附分子CHL1缺失对炎症性肠病的影响

目的：探讨细胞粘附分子CHL1缺失对炎症性肠病（IBD）的影响。方法：采用葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）建立CHL1（-/-）炎症性肠病小鼠模型,将10只C57/BL6为遗传背景的CHL1（+/+）型小鼠分为对照组、DSS模型组（n=5）;将10只C57/BL6为背景的CHL （-/-）型小鼠分为CHL1缺失组、CHL1缺失DSS模型组（n=5）。DSS模型组和CHL1缺失DSS模型组自主饮用7 d含1.5% DSS蒸馏水,随后改用蒸馏水饲喂2 d;对照组和CHL1缺失组连续饮用蒸馏水9 d,观察小鼠体重、血便、生存率及结肠组织长度的变化。结果：CHL1缺失DSS模型组小鼠在炎症性肠病的发生中便血明显,从应激的第7天开始,体重明显减轻,在第9天,CHL1缺失DSS模型组型小鼠死亡率明显增加;结肠长度明显缩短,损伤加重。结论：细胞粘附分子CHL1缺失加重炎症性肠病的发生。     

Reduction of the developmental competence of sheep oocytes by inhibition of LH pulses during the follicular phase with a GnRH antagonist

A GnRH antagonist (Antarelix) treatment was used during the breeding season of Romanov ewes, to investigate whether LH pulses are required the day before the preovulatory surge for normal early embryo development in vivo (Expt 1) and in vitro (Expt 2). In Expt 1, at the onset of oestrus after removal of a fluorogestone acetate sponge, group A0.5 (n = 22) received a subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg Antarelix, and ovulation was induced with an intravenous injection of 3 mg pig LH 24 h later. The control group (group C, n = 20) were untreated. All ewes were mated naturally at 36 and 48 h after oestrus and embryos were recovered 8 days after sponge removal. There were significant differences in the decrease in LH and in the increase in FSH concentration after Antarelix treatment between treated and control groups. The ovulation rate and embryo recovery rate were not significantly different between the two groups but the blastocyst rate was lower (P < 0.0001) in group A0.5 than in group C, with more unfertilized or degenerated oocytes in group A0.5 (69.2%). In Expt 2, 24 h after sponge removal, group A (n = 10) and group B (n = 10) received one subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg Antarelix. The control group (group C, n = 10) was left untreated. LH pulsatility was re-established in group B with hourly intravenous injections of 5 micrograms ovine LH for 24 h. Oocytes were collected by flushing the oviducts 28 h after the LH surge, and were fertilized and cultured in vitro for 7 days. Ovulation and cleavage rates were not significantly different among the three groups but a higher rate of blastocysts (P < 0.01) was obtained after Antarelix treatment when LH pulsatility was re-established (group B). Oestradiol concentration was strongly depressed (P < 0.0003) after Antarelix treatment in group A, but was maintained after injection of LH pulses in group B, although at a lower value than before the preovulatory surge in the control group. In conclusion, inhibition of endogenous LH pulses 1 day before the preovulatory surge was not essential for ovulation and in vitro fertilization but was associated with a decrease in plasma oestradiol concentrations and inferior embryo development both in vivo and in vitro. When LH pulsatility was re-established, oestradiol concentrations increased and embryo development was restored.     

乙酰唑胺对氧惊厥潜伏期的影响

为探讨脑血流调节与氧惊厥的关系,在复制大鼠氧惊厥模型的基础上,采用行为学方法测定氧惊厥潜伏期,并测定不司部位脑组织氧化与抗氧化指标,采用腹腔注射不同剂量脑血管扩张药物乙酰唑胺,观察脑血管扩张对氧化状态以及氧惊厥潜伏期的影响。观察结果为:(1)与生理盐水组相比,乙酰唑胺200、20 mg/kg体重组腹腔给药后氧惊厥潜伏期(纯氧6 ATA暴露)明显缩短(P<0.01),乙酰唑胺2 mg/kg体重组无明显改变(P>0.05);(2)腹腔给乙酰唑胺(20 mg/kg体重)或生理盐水后,各组各部位脑组织GSH-PX无显著差异(P>0.05),但随暴露时间的延长,其活力呈现先升高后降低的趋势;与对照组相比,乙酰唑胺6min组和生理盐水16min组皮层丙二醛(maleic dialdehyde,MDA)含量均明显增多(P<0.01),乙酰唑胺16 min组海马MDA含量明显增多(P<0.01)。结果表明,乙酰唑胺可缩短氧惊厥潜伏期,加重脑组织氧化损伤。