The Glove-like Structure of the Conserved Membrane Protein TatC Provides Insight into Signal Sequence Recognition in Twin-Arginine Translocation

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Highlights? Crystal structures of TatC from the thermophile Aquifex aeolicus are presented ? The architecture of TatC generates a glove-shaped pocket buried in the bilayer ? Molecular dynamics reveal destabilization of the membrane around the pocket ? Correlation to biochemical results suggest the signal sequence binds in this pocket     

Zona Pellucida Domain Proteins Remodel the Apical Compartment for Localized Cell Shape Changes

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Highlights? In Drosophila epidermis, shavenbaby controls ZPD gene expression ? Apical cell shape remodeling relies on the coordinated action of ZPD genes ? ZPD proteins define sub-regions in the apical extracellular matrix (aECM) ? ZPD products maintain localized apical membrane/aECM interactions.     

A Major Epigenetic Programming Mechanism Guided by piRNAs

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Highlights? Piwi-piRNA complexes bind to numerous piRNA-complementary sequences in the genome ? piRNA is necessary and sufficient to recruit Piwi, HP1, and HMT to its target site ? Piwi deficiency drastically changes the epigenetic landscape in the genome ? The Piwi-piRNA mechanism is a major epigenetic programming mechanism in Drosophila     

Sculpting of DNA at Abasic Sites by DNA Glycosylase Homolog Mag2

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Highlights? Unflipped AP site stabilized by helix-hairpin-helix DNA glycosylase homolog Mag2 ? Nonenzymatic AP site recognition and DNA sculpting ? Sculpting of DNA conformation enhances substrate transfer between proteins     

Moderation of Arabidopsis Root Stemness by CLAVATA1 and ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 Receptor Kinase Complexes

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Highlights? CLV1 receptor kinase regulates stemness in Arabidopsis root and shoot meristems ? CLV1 and ACR4 form homo- and heteromeric complexes as shown by a novel FRET assay ? CLV1/ACR4 complexes differ in composition between plasma membrane and plasmodesmata ? CLV1/ACR4 complexes regulate distal root meristem maintenance     

Microautophagy of cytosolic proteins by late endosomes

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Highlights? Late endosomes take up cytosolic proteins through membrane invaginations ? Endosomal microautophagy (eMI) requires multivesicular body formation ? hsc70 mediates selective targeting of cytosolic proteins during eMI ? hsc70 binds to the endosomal membrane through its polybasic cluster     

Structure of AAV-DJ, a Retargeted Gene Therapy Vector: Cryo-Electron Microscopy at 4.5 Å Resolution

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Highlights? The 4.5 Å cryo-EM structure of AAV-DJ fully resolves the polypeptide backbone ? Liver tropism selected for in AAV-DJ has not changed the heparin binding site ? Changed conformation in an antigenic loop blocks binding of a neutralizing mAb ? Changed in vivo tropism may result from changed immune interactions     

The Centrosome Regulates the Rab11- Dependent Recycling Endosome Pathway at Appendages of the Mother Centriole

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Highlights? Endosome-proteins localize to centrosomes independent of membranes ? Rab11 and its modulators localize to mother centriole appendages ? Mother centriole appendages regulate membrane recycling through Rab11     

Multiscale Simulations Reveal Conserved Patterns of Lipid Interactions with Aquaporins

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Highlights? Multiscale MD simulations predict the interactions of lipids with membrane proteins ? The method is evaluated via comparison with the structure of Aqp0 in a membrane ? Simulations of aquaporins reveal a broadly conserved protein/lipid interface ? The results suggest interchange between annular and bulk lipids     

Allosteric Mechanism Controls Traffic in the Chaperone/Usher Pathway

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Highlights? Allosteric mechanism controls traffic in the chaperone/usher pathway ? Usher-binding site in free chaperone is conformationally locked ? Subunit binding opens the lock in the chaperone, allowing usher targeting     

Crystal structure of 12-lipoxygenase catalytic-domain-inhibitor complex identifies a substrate-binding channel for catalysis

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Highlights? The crystal structure of 12-lipoxygenase was solved at high resolution ? The position of an inhibitor identified the substrate binding/active site ? A channel providing access for oxygen to the active site was also discovered ? The structure accounts for virtually all features of catalysis and inhibition     

Folding and Self-Assembly of the TatA Translocation Pore Based on a Charge Zipper Mechanism

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Highlights? Charge zippers as a new concept for folding and assembly of membrane proteins ? 3D structure of TatA pore explains translocation of folded proteins across membrane ? Ladders of salt bridges connect an amphiphilic palisade that can span the bilayer ? MD simulations and specific charge mutations support the charge zipper model     

Structure of an Asymmetric Ternary Protein Complex Provides Insight for Membrane Interaction

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Highlights? S100A10, annexin A2, and AHNAK are involved in membrane repair ? The AHNAK binding region forms a coiled structure ? Both S100A10 and annexin A2 make contacts to AHNAK and are necessary for binding ? The asymmetric architecture provides a model for AHNAK translocation to the membrane     

The CDK9 Tail Determines the Reaction Pathway of Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b

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Highlights? The CDK9 C-terminal tail is important for the catalytic mechanism ? CDK9 phosphorylates the CTD in a nonprocessive manner ? The CDK9 tail folds over the ATP binding site during the catalytic cycle     

Solution structure of the ESCRT-I and -II supercomplex: implications for membrane budding and scission

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Highlights? Solution structures of yeast ESCRT-II complex and ESCRT-I-II supercomplex ? ESCRT-I-II has compact, crescent-shaped, and highly extended conformations ? ESCRT-I-II crescent shapes can be docked into a model vesicle bud neck ? Model for coupling of cargo sorting, membrane budding, and membrane scission     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

Plasma Membrane Tethering of the Cortical ER Necessitates Its Finely Reticulated Architecture

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Highlights? The VAP proteins sustain the ER-plasma membrane attachment in fission yeast ? Footprint of the ER on the cortex is functionally insulated from the cytosol ? Division-site placement requires a patchwork of cortical sites accessible to cytosol     

Variable lymphocyte receptor recognition of the immunodominant glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis spores

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Highlights? VLRBs use their C-terminal LRRs and the LRRCT-loop to interact with antigen ? Sequence-related VLRBs exhibit differential recognition of their BclA epitopes ? VLR4 binds a conserved protein epitope, yet is specific for B. anthracis spores     

Snx3 Regulates Recycling of the Transferrin Receptor and Iron Assimilation

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Highlights? Snx3 is highly expressed in vertebrate hematopoietic tissues ? Silencing of Snx3 results in anemia and hemoglobin defects in vertebrates ? Snx3 and Vps35 physically interact with Tfrc ? Snx3 is required for endosomal recycling of Tf-Tfrc complex     

Structure of the Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel GLIC Bound with Anesthetic Ketamine

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Highlights? The structure of ketamine-bound GLIC reveals an anesthetic binding site ? The study provides compelling evidence for allosteric inhibition by anesthetics ? Ketamine inhibition on GLIC is similar to competitive antagonist action on nAChRs ? Ketamine directly acts on pLGICs in addition to NMDA receptors