Structural investigation of a water-soluble glucan from an edible mushroom, Astraeus hygrometricus

A water-soluble glucan, Fraction I, was isolated from the aqueous extract of the fruit bodies of the mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, 2D-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, and HSQC), the structure of the repeating unit of the glucan is determined as:This glucan shows strong splenocyte activation.     

A heteropolysaccharide from aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivar: structural and biological studies

A water soluble polysaccharide isolated from the hot aqueous extract of Pleurotusostreatus cultivar was found to contain d-glucose and d-galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:1. Structural investigation was carried out using acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and NMR studies (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT-135, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). On the basis of the above mentioned experiments the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as:This heteroglycan stimulates macrophages, splenocytes, and thymocytes.     

A water-soluble glucan isolated from an edible mushroom Termitomyces microcarpus

A water-soluble glucan was isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces microcarpus. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY and HSQC), the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as -->4)-alpha--Glcp-(1-->3)-beta--Glcp-(1-->     

Structural investigation of a polysaccharide (Fr. I) isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Volvariella diplasia

A water-soluble polysaccharide, (Fr. I) isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Volvariella diplasia, is composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose in a molar ratio 3:1:1. Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation study, Smith degradation, and NMR studies (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: [FORMULA: SEE TEXT].     

Structural characterization of a water-soluble beta-(1-->6)-linked D-glucan isolated from the hot water extract of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis

A water-soluble polysaccharide, isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, was found to consist of d-glucose only. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies (¹H, ¹³C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit was established as→6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→     

The structure of a polysaccharide from Fraction-II of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus florida

A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from Fraction-II of the aqueous extract of the fruit bodies of the mushroom, Pleurotus florida. Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation study, Smith degradation, and NMR studies (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: [structure: see text].     

Structural characterization of an immunoenhancing cytotoxic heteroglycan isolated from an edible mushroom Calocybe indica var. APK2

A water-soluble polysaccharide of an edible mushroom Calocybe indica var. APK2 showed immunoenhancing (macrophage, splenocyte, thymocyte, and bone marrow activation) and cytotoxic activity toward HeLa cell lines and found to consist of d-glucose, d-galactose, and l-fucose in a molar ratio of nearly 3:1:1. On the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT-135, TOCSY, DQF–COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of the fuco-galacto-glucan was established as:     

In vitro free radical scavenging activity of wild edible mushroom, Pleurotus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer

Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been implicated in several diseases and hence antioxidants have significant importance in human health. Cold water, hot water and methanolic extract of Pleurotus squarrosulus were evaluated for antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability and beta-carotenellinoleic acid assay. Total phenol, flavonoid, beta-carotene and lycopene content were also determined. Hot water extract showed significant antioxidant activity in all the test systems. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of all the extracts has been significant compared to positive control. Hot water extract has been found to have higher phenolic, total flavonoid, beta-carotene and lycopene content than cold water and methanolic extract of the mushroom. Results of this study showed that, hot water extract has maximum antioxidant property and may be utilized as a promising source of therapeutics.     

Glucans from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus florida, cv Assam Florida: isolation, purification, and characterization

Three different glucans (PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III) were isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom Pleurotus florida, cultivar Assam Florida. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and NMR experiments (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT-135, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), the structure of the repeating unit of these polysaccharides was established as follows:     

Chemical analysis of a new fucoglucan isolated from an edible mushroom, Termitomyces robustus

A water-soluble fucoglucan, isolated from alkali-treated edible mushroom, Termitomyces robustus, consists of L-fucose and D-glucose in a molar proportion of 1:4. Structural investigation of the polysaccharide was carried out by using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and periodate oxidation followed by GLC-MS, and the final structure was determined using NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). On the basis of the above experiments it is concluded that the following repeating unit is present in the polysaccharide: [FORMULA: SEE TEXT].     

NMR and MALDI-TOFMS analysis of a heteroglycan isolated from hot water extract of edible mushroom, Volvariella bombycina

A water-soluble polysaccharide, isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Volvariella bombycina, consists of d-glucose, d-mannose, and d-galactose in a molar ratio 2:1:1. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC), and MALDI-TOFMS analysis, the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as.     

A water-insoluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan from the alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus

A water-insoluble glucan, TEINS has been isolated from the hot alkaline extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces eurhizus. The total carbohydrate content of the polysaccharide fraction was found to be 98.4%, and it was found to contain only glucose as the monosaccharide constituent. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, a methylation experiment, periodate oxidation and (13)C NMR experiment, the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: -->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->.     

Structural analysis of a water-soluble glucan (Fr.I) of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju

A water-soluble glucan was obtained from the fruit bodies of an edible mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and Sepharose 6B gel filtration. On the basis of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, and HSQC), the structure of the repeating unit of the glucan is determined as [carbohydrate structure: see text].     

Isolation and structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide (PS-I) of a wild edible mushroom, Termitomyces striatus

A heteropolysaccharide (PS-I), isolated from the hot aqueous extract of an edible mushroom, Termitomyces striatus, is composed of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose and l-fucose in a molar ratio 2:1:1:1. Structural investigation of the native as well as the Smith-degraded polysaccharide was carried out using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation studies and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is established as follows: [carbohydrate structure: see text]     

Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides of a hybrid mushroom (backcross mating between PfloVv12 and Volvariella volvacea)

Three polysaccharide fractions (PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III) were isolated from the aqueous extract of a hybrid mushroom obtained through backcross mating of a somatic hybrid mushroom PfloVv12 (Sterile line) with Volvariellavolvacea. PfloVv12 was obtained through protoplast fusion of Pleurotusflorida and V. volvacea. PS-I was identified as 1,6-β glucan. PS-II and PS-III were identified as mannoglucogalactan but differing in molecular weights only. On the basis of total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and NMR experiment (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT-135, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC) the structures of these polysaccharides were established as;