RELATIONSHIP OF PROP (6-N-PROPYLTHIOURACIL) TASTER STATUS WITH THE BODY MASS INDEX AND FOOD PREFERENCES OF FILIPINO ADULTS

The study determined the 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) status of Filipino adults and how it relates to their body mass indices (BMI) and food preferences. Self-reported food preference checklists were administered to 100 male and female adults aged 18–60, classified according to BMI. Increasing concentrations of PROP and NaCl solutions were rated in labeled magnitude scale to establish the PROP taster status of the selected respondents. The Filipino adult respondents were composed of 12% nontasters, 45% medium tasters and 43% supertasters. No association ( P >  0.05) between BMI and PROP taster status was found. Sweet-tasting foods were the most preferred and bitter-tasting foods were the least preferred within each taster status. Furthermore, medium tasters and supertasters had the highest acceptance for meats, fish and poultry, and least acceptance for beverages, which were mostly bitter. Decreased preferences for fats and oils, sugars and confectionery, and beverages were correlated ( P <  0.05) with responsiveness to PROP.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The research provides a general baseline data of the PROP taster status of Filipino adults. The findings from this study can be used as a reference and can be compared to similar studies conducted in other countries. Likewise, the information from the study can add to the scarce data for taste genetics specifically for the Asian population. The relationship of PROP taster status with body mass index and food preferences can be a guide in the design of products and dietary plans. Likewise, the study would be a means to understand why people vary in liking for particular food items and how these can be reflected in their food consumption and nutritional status.     

从木材解剖特征初拟针叶树分类系统

<正> 针叶树(Conifers)包括银杏纲和松杉纲的树种。根据《中国植物志》第七卷记载,现代裸子植物的种类分属于4纲9目12科71属约800种,我国产4纲8目11科41属236种,栽培1科7属51种。从国产针叶树材的解剖特征观察,银杏纲木材构造简单,仅具管胞、含晶细胞和射线细胞。管胞排列不整齐,射线薄壁细胞垂直壁无节状加厚,四隅无凹痕,轴向薄壁细胞缺,射线仅单例,所以是针叶村最原始的一个纲,应排列在松杉纲之前。     

CLASSIFICATION OF CHEESES ACCORDING TO THEIR CLOSENESS TO THE CHEDDAR CHEESE CONCEPT1

An important issue in consumer oriented studies is to measure how closely a specific product or perception matches the representation people have of it. We used a concept matching technique to assess the degree to which a variety of different cheeses matched subjects’ concepts of Cheddar cheese. Eighteen subjects made their judgments using their own past experiences with Cheddar cheeses. They made judgments in three separate conditions: only the odor, only the taste and texture and normal eating. This technique provided valid and reliable information on the extent to which the cheeses matched the subjects’ concept of Cheddar cheese. Agreement between classifications of cheeses based on taste and texture only and based on normal eating was high (R=0.90). Agreement between classifications based only on odor and those based on normal eating was weaker (R-0.59). Thus, the taste and texture of the cheeses were more useful than the odor for classifying cheeses as Cheddar.     

植被的ＰＥ（可能蒸散）指标与植被－气候分类（二）——几种主要方法与ＰＥＰ程序介绍

应用C．W．Thorn thwaite计算PE与气候分类方法对我国671个气候台站资料计算分析结果,得出可能蒸散的地理回归模型为：APE=2037.98-18.8308LAT(纬度)-4.5801LONG(经度)-0.157861ALT(海拔)APE与湿度指数Im与我国植被的主要类型及其分布格局有密切相关性。其热量指标(APE)界限与北美颇相符合,但Im明显偏低,反映了中国植被的生态特点。研究表明该方法在我国有明显的应用前景。     

原羚属分类地位研究兼论中国羚羊的分类

中国羚羊类动物在世界羚羊类动物中有着特殊的地位,其中普氏原羚、藏原羚和藏羚是中国特有的珍稀物种,普氏原羚是极度濒危动物.开展中国羚羊类动物的分类和进化研究是当务之急.本研究利用形态特征、头骨测量及线粒体DNA的12S rRNA(440 bp)和16S rRNA(590 bp)对原羚属的分类地位及中国其他几种羚羊分类地位进行了探讨,发现对质量性状和数量性状数据的聚类分析的结果差异大,而且质量性状的聚类结果比较符合传统的分类系统.分子分类也得到相似结果,但在属下的分析存在较大差异.7种牛科动物的12S rRNA和16S rRNA序列差异分别为0.2%～7.1%和0.3%～8.4%.系统进化分析表明原羚属3种羚羊形成单系群,且蒙古瞪羚与普氏原羚的关系较藏原羚与普氏原羚的关系近.赛加羚应归宿于羚羊亚科,而不是与羊亚科的藏羚形成独立的赛加羚亚科.原羚属的进化可能与青藏高原的隆起有关.     

SARS病毒巨细胞病毒合并感染真菌及其染色方法的应用比较

目的几种染色方法显示星形隐球菌和曲菌的比较。方法Grocott-Gomori六胺银改良法,Gomori氏嗜银法和PAS结果Grocott-Gomori氏六胺银改良法显示上述两种真菌效果最好,该法对真菌的显示颜色鲜艳,图像清晰,真菌的孢子和菌丝被染成深黑色,易与其它成份相区别;Gomori氏嗜银法对大量含有菌丝的组织有一定的染色效果,PAS法也能将上述两种真菌显示出来,但所着染成份较多,较难区别。结论Grocott-Gomori氏六胺银改良法是染真菌的最好方法。     

亚硝酸氧化细菌分离方法的比较

试验对亚硝酸氧化细菌的三种分离方法一稀释法,硅胶平板分离法和富集培养-微口吸管滴分法进行了比较,结果表明稀释法最简便易行,分离效果最好。     

HOW TO MEASURE MATURATION: A COMPARISON OF PROBABILISTIC METHODS USED TO TEST FOR GENOTYPIC VARIATION AND PLASTICITY IN THE DECISION TO MATURE

Maturation is a developmental trait that plays a key role in shaping organisms’ life‐history. However, progress in understanding how maturation phenotypes evolve has been held back by confusion over how best to model maturation decisions and a lack of studies comparing genotypic variation in maturation. Here, we fitted probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) to data collected from five clones of Daphnia magna and five of Daphnia pulex collected from within and between different populations. We directly compared the utility of modeling approaches that assume maturation to be a process with an instantaneous rate with those that do not by fitting maturation rate and logistic regression models, and emphasize similarities and differences between them. Our results demonstrate that in Daphnia, PMRNs using a logistic regression approach were simpler to use and provided a better fit to the data. The decision to mature was plastic across a range of growth trajectories and dependent upon both body size and age. However, the age effect was stronger in D. magna than D. pulex and varied considerably between clones. Our results support the idea that maturation thresholds can evolve but also suggest that the notion of a threshold based on a single fixed state is an oversimplification that underestimates the adaptability of these important traits.     

隧蜂属(膜翅目,隧蜂科)相关类元名称的变动及隧蜂属的分类研究现状

扼要回顾了隧蜂科隧蜂属的分类变革,汇总了隧蜂属相关类元名称的变动情况,重新对隧蜂属下了定义,最后,根据最新研究结果,对全世界目前隧蜂属各亚属所含种的数量作了统计,给出了隧蜂属分亚属检索表.根据作者的研究结果,对中国隧蜂属的分类作了扼要的介绍.     

COMPARISON OF SIGMPLOT, PROBIT, AND EXTREME-VALUE METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THRESHOLD DATA

Two panels consisting of 12 and of 14 members, respectively,evaluated solutions of ethyl caprylate at different concentrationsto establish flavor detection thresholds. The resulting frequenciesof success at each concentration level were analyzed by a probitmethod and Drake's procedure (1975). These two methods in turnwere compared with extreme-value analysis. Agreement among thethree methods was good. The lowest threshold observed was 0.00069ppm and the highest, 26.9 ppm. An extreme-value plot is presentedfor 59 determinations obtained in prior studies and the 26 valuesof this study. The limitations and advantages of each methodof calculation are discussed as are precautions relative tothe way the extreme-value data should be accumulated or arrayedfor analysis. ^*Station Statistician, Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station.     

皮肤组织神经髓鞘几种染色方法的比较

对皮肤组织神经髓鞘应用髓磷脂硷性蛋白myelin basic protein简称MBP）免疫组织化学,劳克坚牢蓝(Luxol fast blue,简称LFB）,砂罗铬花青（solochrome cyanine简称SC）,KOH-HIO4-Schiff四种不同的染色方法进行染色比较,结果显示,MBP法具有特异性强,背景干净,对比清晰等特点。SC、Schiff法髓鞘着色效果亦较好,但背景中其他组织也着色,只要分化适当,LFB法髓鞘着色鲜明,且有一定特异性。     

COMPARISON OF TWO SIMPLE METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DETECTION THRESHOLDS FOR BASIC, UMAMI AND METALLIC TASTES

Two simple methods were followed to determine detection thresholds for the taste of substances in aqueous solution. The methods applied were: a modification of the ascending method of limits and a method based on the use of scales. Detection thresholds were calculated for the four basic tastes (sweet, salty, acid, and bitterness), umami and metallic. Reference substances for each taste were sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, caffeine, monosodium glutamate and iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate and the results of the two methods were compared. We found that the threshold values calculated by method ASTM-679 was within the range of concentrations identified with the scales method.