A Parathyroid Hormone–Guided Calcium and Calcitriol Supplementation Protocol Reduces Hypocalcemia-Related Readmissions Following Total Thyroidectomy

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of a 4-hour postoperative serum parathyroid hormone (PTH)–guided calcium (Ca) and calcitriol supplementation protocol on the incidence of hypocalcemia and hospital readmissions in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.MethodsThis was a single-institution, retrospective chart review of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy; 148 and 389 of the patients underwent surgery prior to and after the protocol implementation, respectively. The risk of hypocalcemia was stratified as low (PTH level of >30 pg/mL), medium (15-30 pg/mL), and high (<15 pg/mL), using serum PTH values obtained 4 hours postoperatively. Hypocalcemia was defined as a total serum Ca level of <8 mg/dL. Baseline demographic and operative characteristics and postoperative outcome were recorded for both groups. The Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the characteristics of the 2 groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to account for potentially confounding variables.ResultsPostoperative hypocalcemia occurred significantly less frequently in the protocol group compared with that in the preprotocol group (10.3% vs 20.9%, P = .002). The reduction in hypocalcemia in the protocol group was observed in both patients with (16.3% vs 25.6%) and without (8.4% vs 19.3%) cervical lymph node dissection. The protocol group had a significantly lower incidence of hospital readmission events than the preprotocol group (1.0% vs 4.7%, P = .013).ConclusionCompared with a historical cohort, a PTH-guided protocol for Ca and calcitriol supplementation significantly reduces the postoperative hypocalcemia and hospital readmission rates in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.     

甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效对比分析

目的:研究甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月至2012年12月我院收治的84例结节性甲状腺肿患者,随机分为甲状腺次全切除术组(A组)和甲状腺全切除术组(B组),比较分析两组患者围手术期指标、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果:A组镇痛剂使用量、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组复发率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。并发症发生率A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿疗效相似,甲状腺次全切除术复发率更高,但并发症发生率更低。     

Correlating Pre-Operative Vitamin D Status with Post-Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia

Objective: To examine the relationship between pre-operative vitamin D status and post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia.Methods: Retrospective study examining 264 total and completion thyroidectomies conducted between 2007 and 2011. Subjects included had a recorded 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level within 21 days prior to or 1 day following surgery, did not have a primary parathyroid gland disorder, and were not taking 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (calcitriol) prior to surgery. Some subjects were repleted with vitamin D pre-operatively if a low 25(OH)D level (typically below 20 ng/mL) was identified. Pre-operative 25(OH)D, concurrent neck dissection, integrity of parathyroid glands, final pathology, postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium nadir and repletion, and length of stay were examined.Results: The mean pre-operative 25(OH)D for all subjects was 25 ng/mL, and the overall rate of post-operative hypocalcemia was 37.5%. Lower pre-operative 25(OH)D did not predict postoperative hypocalcemia (P =.96); however, it did predict the need for postoperative 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ administration (P =.01). Lower postoperative PTH levels (P =.001) were associated with postoperative hypocalcemia.Conclusion: Pre-operative 25(OH)D did not predict a postoperative decrease in serum calcium, although it did predict the need for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ therapy in hypocalcemic subjects. We recommend that 25(OH)D be assessed and, if indicated, repleted pre-operatively in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.Abbreviations: 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D PTH = parathyroid hormone     

甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响

目的:探究甲状腺术中喉返神经显露对暂时性喉返神经损伤发生率的影响。方法:选择我院2016年10月-2018年10月收治的行甲状腺切除术的115例患者为研究对象,按照其入院顺序经随机数字表法分为两组,两组患者均行常规甲状腺切除术。其中,对照组58例患者未显露喉返神经;研究组57例患者常规显露喉返神经,记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度和住院时间等围术期手术指标,术后1d、4d、7d的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平、钙离子(Ca2+)水平,术后暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症等并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量均短于(少于)对照组(P0.05),但两组患者的切口长度和住院时间无显著性差异(P0.05);研究组患者术后1d、4d、7d的血清PTH、Ca2+水平均高于对照组(P0.05),暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后声音嘶哑、低钙血症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺术中喉返神经显露可有效预防暂时性喉返神经和甲状腺功能的损伤,降低术后并发症的发生率,且患者的围术期指标均显著改善。     

毒性多结节性甲状腺肿的手术术式探讨

目的:探讨毒性多结节性甲状腺肿的手术切除范围,为临床手术治疗毒性多结节性甲状腺肿提供理论依据。方法:收集2006年12月至2011年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医学院普外科确诊且进行手术的52例双侧毒性多结节性甲状腺肿患者的临床资料,并按照术式分为次全切除组(24例)和近全/全切除组(28例)。术后通过病理检查观察其合并甲状腺癌的情况,临床观察其是否出现声音嘶哑(喉返神经损伤)和低钙血症(甲状旁腺损伤)情况,并随访患者甲状腺结节和(或)甲状腺功能亢进的复发情况。结果:次全切除组甲状腺癌的检出率为4.2%(1/24),近全/全切除组检出率为7.1%(2/28),两者比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.02,P0.05);两组患者术后暂时性声音嘶哑发生率分别为4.2%(1/24)、3.6%(1/28),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.37,P0.05),术后暂时性低钙血症发生率分别为4.2%(1/24)、7.1%(2/28),差异亦无统计学意义(x2=0.02,P0.05)。近全/全切除组患者术后无甲状腺结节和(或)甲状腺功能亢进复发,次全切除组患者有5例复发,复发率为20.8%(5/24),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.28,P0.05)。结论:甲状腺近全/全切除术比次全切除术更能减少毒性多结节性甲状腺肿的复发。     

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism: Direct para-operative period]

Surgical hypoparathyroidism is a severe complication of the operations on thyroid gland. Hundred thirty patients aged between 17 and 77 years have been analysed clinically. Group I involved 45 patients with surgical hypoparathyroidism of transient or partial character, group II involved 85 patients with severe irreversible surgical hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia in postoperative period was significantly higher in group II than that in group I (p < 0.02), and negatively correlated with the maximal dose of vitamin D3 necessary to compensate calcemia (r = -0.42). Follow-up results indicate that the age and sex of patients, preoperative diagnosis, radiotherapy, and type of surgery have no effect on the degree of damage to parathyroid glands, tetany development rate, degree of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. High degree hypocalcemia diagnosed in the early postoperative period suggests irreversible injury to parathyroid glands. Management of patients with postoperative tetany requires a close cooperation of surgeon and endocrinologist.     

无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效比较及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响

摘要 目的：比较无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2020年8月～2021年8月期间收治的行单侧甲状腺癌根治术患者80例的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为开放组（开放性手术）和腔镜组（无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术）,例数分别为37例和43例。对比两组疗效、免疫功能、颈部功能、美容学满意度和并发症情况。结果：与开放组相比,腔镜组术中出血量更少,手术时间、住院时间更长,引流液总量更多（P<0.05）,两组中央组淋巴结清扫数组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但腔镜组高于开放组;CD8+升高,但腔镜组低于开放组（P<0.05）。两组术后3d视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分、颈部损伤指数对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腔镜组吞咽障碍指数低于开放组（P<0.05）。腔镜组的总满意率高于开放组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与开放性手术治疗单侧甲状腺癌相比,无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术的手术时间和住院时间虽然延长,但其对患者免疫功能影响更轻,同时还可减轻患者吞咽障碍,获得更好的美容学满意度。     

Intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation and length of hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture: randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether intraoperative intravascular volume optimisation improves outcome and shortens hospital stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing conventional intraoperative fluid management with repeated colloid fluid challenges monitored by oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period. SETTING: Teaching hospital, London. SUBJECTS: 40 patients undergoing repair of proximal femoral fracture under general anaesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either conventional intraoperative fluid management (control patients) or additional repeated colloid fluid challenges with oesophageal Doppler ultrasonography used to maintain maximal stroke volume throughout the operative period (protocol patients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time declared medically fit for hospital discharge, duration of hospital stay (in acute bed; in acute plus long stay bed), mortality, perioperative haemodynamic changes. RESULTS: Intraoperative intravascular fluid loading produced significantly greater changes in stroke volume (median 15 ml (95% confidence interval 10 to 21 ml)) and cardiac output (1.2 l/min (0.1 to 2.3 l/min)) than in the conventionally managed group (-5 ml (-10 to 1 ml) and -0.4 l/min (-1.0 to 0.2 l/min)) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). One protocol patient and two control patients died in hospital. In the survivors, postoperative recovery was significantly faster in the protocol patients, with shorter times to being declared medically fit for discharge (median 10 (9 to 15) days v 15 (11 to 40) days, P < 0.05) and a 39% reduction in hospital stay (12 (8 to 13) days v 20 (10 to 61) days, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Proximal femoral fracture repair constitutes surgery in a high risk population. Intraoperative intravascular volume loading to optimal stroke volume resulted in a more rapid postoperative recovery and a significantly reduced hospital stay.     

Evaluation of Bachmann Bundle Pacing Versus Right Atrial Pacing in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Background

In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABGS), occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the postoperative period and is associated with increased morbidity with longer intensive unit care (ICU) and hospital stay. Prevention with antiarrhythmic drugs is of limited success and associated with significant side effects. Therefore alternative approaches, such as Bachmann Bundle pacing, are required.

Methods and Results

154 consecutive patients, mean age 58±8.8 years, including 134 males and 20 females, were randomized to three groups; Group I : No pacing n= 54, Group II : RA pacing n= 52, Group III : Bachmann Bundle pacing n= 48. All the groups were well matched with regard to age, left atrial size, ejection fraction and use of beta blockers. Patients in Groups II and III were continually paced at a rate of 100 beats per minute (bpm) or at 10 bpm more than patients'' intrinsic heart rate. All the patients were monitored for 72 hours by telemetry and occurrence of AF was noted. Incidence of AF was 0% (none of 48 patients) in Group III as compared to 16.6% in Group I (9 of 54 patients) (p 0.003) and 12.5% in Group II (5 of 52 patients) (p 0.03). There was a trend towards shorter ICU stay in Group III (3.9 days) as compared to Group II (4.5 days) and Group I (4.1 days). Among the three groups, the reduction in mean P wave duration also was greater in Bachmann bundle paced group.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing CABGS, Bachmann bundle pacing is superior to right atrial / no pacing in the post operative period for preventing occurrence of AF and reducing ICU stay, commensurate with a reduction in mean P wave duration on surface ECG.     

传统开颅手术、显微镜下微创手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效分析

目的:观察和比较传统开颅手术、显微镜下微创手术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2011年10月至2016年1月在我院进行手术治疗的基底节区高血压脑出血患者320例,根据手术方式分为两组,每组160例患者。A组患者接受传统开颅血肿清除术,B组患者接受显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术,比较两组患者的手术情况、临床疗效、术后生活质量的变化和不良反应的发生情况。结果:B组患者手术时间、ICU时间以及住院时间均较A组显著缩短(P0.05),术中失血量、CSS评分以及术后24 h的血肿量显著低于A组(P0.05),术后1个月临床总有效率显著高于A组(P0.05)。随访6个月期间,B组生活质量显著优于A组(P0.05),术后肺部感染、再次出血的发生率均显著低于A组(P0.05)。结论:显微镜下行小骨窗血肿清除术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效显著优于传统开颅血肿清除术,且创伤较小,可有效缩短手术时间,提高手术安全性。     

The Optimal Parathyroid Hormone Cut-Off Threshold for Early and Safe Management of Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy

ObjectiveTo define optimal intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy for safe and effective postoperative management.MethodsThis prospective single center study was done in 2 phases. In phase I, predictors of symptomatic hypocalcemia were analyzed and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the optimal iPTH cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia. Phase II studied giving prompt prophylactic supplemental calcium and vitamin D to all patients who had iPTH levels below the calculated threshold, while phase I patients were given prompt selective supplementation if they had postoperative hypocalcemia or symptoms.ResultsUnivariate analysis of patients in phase I showed that postoperative iPTH was the only significant variable that can predict symptomatic hypocalcemia. Using receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index, the confirmed optimal cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia was iPTH 19.95 pg/mL, with area under the curve of 0.903, 100% sensitivity, negative predictive value, and highest Youden index, while iPTH 15 pg/mL and iPTH 10 pg/mL were less optimal. Symptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in 30% of the phase I cohort who received selective supplementation versus 3% of those in the phase II cohort who received prophylactic supplementation. Return to emergency department and need for intravenous calcium were also significantly better in phase II.ConclusioniPTH cut-off for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia was 19.95 pg/mL. Low-risk patients were discharged with no supplementation while all high-risk patients received prompt calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which led to effective hypocalcemia management and safe 24-hour discharge.     

Beneficial Effects of Calcitriol on Hypertension,Glucose Intolerance,Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Relaxation,and Visceral Adiposity in Fructose-Fed Hypertensive Rats

Besides regulating calcium homeostasis, the effects of vitamin D on vascular tone and metabolic disturbances remain scarce in the literature despite an increase intake with high-fructose corn syrup worldwide. We investigated the effects of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, on vascular relaxation, glucose tolerance, and visceral fat pads in fructose-fed rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). Group Con: standard chow diet for 8 weeks; Group Fru: high-fructose diet (60% fructose) for 8 weeks; Group Fru-HVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, high-dose calcitriol treatment (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding; and Group Fru-LVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, low-dose calcitriol treatment (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding. Systolic blood pressure was measured twice a week by the tail-cuff method. Blood was examined for serum ionized calcium, phosphate, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Intra-peritoneal glucose intolerance test, aortic vascular reactivity, the weight of visceral fat pads, adipose size, and adipose angiotensin II levels were analyzed at the end of the study. The results showed that the fructose-fed rats significantly developed hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, heavier weight and larger adipose size of visceral fat pads, and raised adipose angiotensin II expressions compared with the control rats. High- and low-dose calcitriol reduced modestly systolic blood pressure, increased endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation, ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced the weight and adipose size of visceral fat pads, and lowered adipose angiotensin II expressions in the fructose-fed rats. However, high-dose calcitriol treatment mildly increased serum ionized calcium levels (1.44 ± 0.05 mmol/L). These results suggest a protective role of calcitriol treatment on endothelial function, glucose tolerance, and visceral adiposity in fructose-fed rats.     

医用生物蛋白胶应用于甲状腺次全切除术的意义

目的:探讨医用生物蛋白胶在甲状腺次全切除手术治疗中的作用。方法:2003年10月至2005年12月甲状腺次全切手术治疗的186例患者分成两组,其中98例应用生物蛋白胶,不放引流物,另一组组88例放置胶管或胶片引流。两组进行引流量、拆线时间等多项指标对比。结果:第Ⅰ组多指标优于或等于第Ⅱ组。结论:在甲状腺次全切除术应用医用生物蛋白胶后渗血渗液明显减少,可不放引流物,引流物引起的并发症减少。     

腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌的疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年1月我院收治的60例老年子宫颈癌患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,A组患者接受开放性子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,B组患者在腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,比较两组患者的手术情况、术后恢复情况以及术中、术后并发症的发生情况和随访期间的生活质量。结果:B组患者手术中淋巴结的清扫数目明显比A组多(P0.05),术中出血量和术后使用镇痛泵的次数明显少于A组(P0.05),抗生素的使用时间、术后排气时间、膀胱功能恢复时间、引流管滞留时间、住院时间较A组患者明显缩短(P0.05),术中大出血以及术后尿潴留、淋巴囊肿的发生率显著低于A组(P0.05);术后3个月和6个月的I-QOL以及FACT-G评分显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下行子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效显著,有利于患者术后恢复,并有效提高患者术后生活质量。     

经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果观察

目的:探究经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法:选择我院于2018年1月2020年3月收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者77例为研究对象,根据入院顺序经随机数字表法分成两组,给予对照组39例患者进行开放手术:腰椎后路间盘切除、椎间融合、椎弓根钉内固定术,给予研究组38例患者经皮椎间孔镜法进行治疗。对比两组治疗后腰部功能恢复情况;两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度等临床指标;两组术前及术后1 d白介素-1β(Inter leukin-1β,IL-1β)及C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平。结果:研究组的腰部功能恢复总优良率92.11%(35/38)显著高于对照组的腰部功能恢复总优良率66.67%(26/39)(P<0.05);研究组的术中出血量、住院天数、切口长度、手术时间均显著少(短)于对照组(P<0.05);术前,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组的IL-1β、CRP水平均比术前显著升高,但研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果显著,可有效改善患者临床指标,且损伤较小,值得推荐至临床广泛应用。     

继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇后ALP、iPTH指标变化探究

目的:探讨继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇后全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,i PTH)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)指标变化情况。方法:选取我院2019年1月到2019年12月共收治的维持血液性透析继发性甲旁亢患者80例,随机分为两组,每组40例,给予对照组常规治疗方式,给予观察组在血透基础上联用骨化三醇治疗,对比两组的治疗效果、血液相关指标变化以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:对照组治疗总有效率为72.5%,观察组的治疗总有效率为90.0%,观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前i PTH、ALP、磷(P)、钙(Ca)无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组前i PTH、ALP、P、Ca相关血液指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05);对比两组不良反应发现,患者在治疗后不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对继发性甲旁亢患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇能够提高患者的治疗效果,改善患者相关血液指标情况,而且不良反应发生情况与常规治疗没有明显差异,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

长托宁、阿托品联合血液灌流治疗急性有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭的临床疗效

目的:探讨长托宁、阿托品联合血液灌流治疗急性有机磷中毒伴呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:选取2009年1月至2016年8月在我院治疗的重症有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭患者68例,随机分为2组,A组35例,B组33例,A组患者接受长托宁联合阿托品常规治疗,B组患者接受长托宁、阿托品联合血液灌流治疗。比较两组患者治疗期间血清乙酰胆碱酶、肌酸激酶的含量以及治疗情况、临床疗效,同时记录治疗期间不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗期间,B组患者血清Ach E的含量显著高于A组患者(P0.05),血清CK含量显著低于A组患者(P0.05);B组患者的清醒时间、到达阿托品化时间、中毒症状消失时间以及住院时间显著低于A组患者(P0.05);B组患者的病死率以及不良反应的发生率显著低于A组(P0.05);B组患者治疗的总有效率显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论:长托宁、阿托品联合血液灌流可以显著缓解急性有机磷中毒伴呼吸衰竭患者体内胆碱能紊乱的状态,提高临床疗效,并且有效降低治疗期间不良反应的发生率。     

DAA入路与OCM入路对青年初次髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响

目的:探究微创直接前侧入路(Direct anterolateral approach, DAA)与髋关节前外侧入路(Orthopaedische Chirurgie Muenchen,OCM)对青年初次髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2018年1月于我院接受初次髋关节置换术的67例青年患者,按照其接受术式的不同将其分为DAA组(35例)与OCM组(32例),对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、平均住院时间、术后并发症的发生率,并使用视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale, VAS)评估术后1 d、3 d及7 d疼痛度,最后对比两组术后7 d、1个月及6个月的髋关节Harris评分。结果:(1)OCM组手术时间显著短于DAA组(P0.05),两组术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动时间、平均住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)OCM组术后并发症的发生率明显低于DAA组(P0.05);(3)两组术后1 d、3 d及7 d疼痛度对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)术后7 d及1个月,OCM组Harris评分优于DAA组(P0.05),两组术后6个月对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于DAA术,OCM术施术时间更短,患者早期髋关节功能恢复较快,但对比两种术式对髋关节远期影响相当。     

PAHG取出同期和二期乳房再造的效果及术后评价

摘要 目的：对聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射物（polyacrylamide hydrogel,PAHG）取出同期和二期乳房再造术的疗效及预后情况进行比较,为临床治疗提供一定的经验。方法：以2017年4月~2019年4月我院收治的PAHG取出乳房再造患者为研究对象,采用随机法结合患者需求分为I组和II组,I组进行PAHG取出同期乳房再造,II组进行PAHG取出后二期乳房再造,以手术指标（手术时间、出血量、拔管时间和住院时间）、并发症（疼痛、感染、肿胀和形态不佳等）、术后生命质量及自尊评分为指标对两组疗效及预后情况进行评价。结果：I组和II组第一阶段手术时间、出血量、拔管时间和住院时间比较,均无显著差异(P＞0.05),II组第二阶段各项指标较第一阶段均显著降低(P＜0.05);两组患者各项并发症发生率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但I组患者疼痛和形态不佳发生率略高于II组,II组包膜挛缩发生率略高于I组,两组并发症总发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;I组术后1个月生命质量和自尊评分均显著高于II组（P<0.05）,两组术后6个月和12个月两组生命质量和自尊评分无明显差异（P＞0.05）;与术后1个月相比,两组患者术后6个月和12个月的生命质量和自尊评分均显著提高（P<0.05）。结论：两种PAHG取出后乳房再造术的效果和预后均良好,可根据患者情况和自身意愿进行选择,值得临床推广应用。     

不同预防性抗生素用于肿瘤患者围手术期的成本-效果分析

目的:探究不同抗生素用于肿瘤患者围手术期的成本-效果。方法:选择于我院接受手术治疗的93例肺癌患者,所有患者按照随机数字表法均分为三组,每组31例,三组患者实施不同的抗生素预防方案,对比三组患者的一般手术情况(手术时间、术中出血量、术后7 d最高体温、术后住院时间)、抗生素应用效果(术后呼吸道感染率、术后7 d平均体温、术后7 d平均白细胞计数)以及不同抗生素预防方案成本-效果。结果:(1)三组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后7 d最高体温、住院时间对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)三组患者术后呼吸道感染率、术后7 d平均体温、术后7 d平均白细胞计数对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)A组患者具有最高的成本-效果比值,单位效果所花费的成本显著低于B、C两组(P0.05)。结论:术前预防及术后短疗程应用头孢唑林钠能够显著降低肺癌患者术后感染率,减少抗生素用量及花费,提高患者围手术期成本-效果。