根癌农杆菌对栝楼的遗传转化

用根癌农杆菌侵染栝楼（Ｔichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)无菌苗后,获得冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的ＭＳ培养基上良好生长,并合成冠瘿碱、表明Ｔi质粒转化成功,栝楼冠瘿组织中最高蛋白含量为１３０．６mg/g（鲜重）。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测其含有的蛋白种类与栝楼根含有的基本一样,研究表明,利用栝楼冠瘿组织作为培养系统生产天花粉粉蛋白有很好的开发前景。     

南方红豆杉毛状根诱导体系的建立及毛状根中 紫杉醇的分离纯化研究

目的:研究发根农杆菌对南方红豆杉转化的转化体系和毛状根中紫杉醇的提取纯化工艺;方法:采用发根农杆菌对南方红豆杉不同外植体进行诱导,并对影响毛状根转化的因素进行分析。采用超临界CO2流体萃取法、硅胶柱色谱法以及高效液相法对毛状根中的紫杉醇进行分离提纯;结果:成功构建了南方红豆杉毛状根诱导体系。其中农杆菌的种类、外植体类型、预培养和共培养时间、培养基中激素浓度均影响毛状根的转化率。毛状根经高压纸电泳检测显示表达冠瘿碱。毛状根中紫杉醇经超临界CO2法提取及硅胶柱色谱法分离提纯,采用高效液相法分析显示其纯度可达到98%。结论:发根农杆菌诱导南方红豆杉产生的毛状根中可产生紫杉醇,可作为紫杉醇的主要来源。     

发根农杆菌对短叶红豆杉的转化及毛状根中紫杉醇的产生

发根农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｒｈｉｚｏｇｅｎｅｓ）Ａ４（ＡＴＣＣ３１７８９）感染短叶红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａ）芽外植株,３０～３５ｄ后可诱导出毛状根,４０ｄ后转化率可达３０％,毛状根经农杆碱单克隆抗体酶联免疫分析,证明已被转化,毛状根生长速度较快,５株毛状根在无激素的Ｂ５液体培养基中悬浮培养２ｄ生物量平均增加约９倍,是同等条件下短叶红豆杉愈伤组织液体悬浮培养的２．９倍。经紫     

少花龙葵毛状根的诱导和次生代谢物的产生

研究了发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes)对少花龙葵（Solanum photeinocarpum)的转化和毛状根的诱导,分析了影响转化的因素,并初步检测了毛状根的生长和次生代谢物的产生。发根农杆菌菌株R1000、R1601分别感染少花龙葵的叶片、茎段,约7d后得到毛状根。菌株R1000感染的外植体的生根率分别为90．2％和50．0％,根诱导频率分别为6．2和4．6;菌体R1601感染的外植体的生根率分别为92．1％和49．2％,根诱导频率分别为6和5．5;对照两周内不出根。冠瘿碱检测证实所得毛状根为转化根。感染在MS＋PP333培养基上生长的矮壮苗叶片,毛状根诱导频率显著提高;用MS液体培养基稀释1倍的菌液感染叶片,转化效率也得到提高。毛状根生长速度快,培养4周后干重增加420倍,总糖苷生物碱和皂甙含量分别为原植株根的31和107倍。     

外植体龄和蔗糖浓度对黄瓜子叶产生毛状根的影响

研究了外植体龄和蔗糖浓度对发根农杆菌 R160 1介导黄瓜子叶产生毛状根的影响。结果表明 :以 10 d龄子叶外植体产生毛状根的能力最强 ,外植体的毛状根诱导率为 88.89% ;2 0 d龄子叶外植体的毛状根诱导率比 10 d龄子叶外植体降低 52 .86% ;30 d龄子叶外植体感染发根农杆菌R160 1后不产生毛状根。感染发根农杆菌 R160 1的黄瓜子叶外植体在不加或加 1%蔗糖的 MS培养基上的毛状根诱导率极低 ,子叶外植体逐渐变黄 ,腐烂 ;而培养基中添加 2 % ,3%或 4 %的蔗糖可显著提高子叶外植体的毛状根诱导率。黄瓜毛状根能在无外源植物激素的 MS液体培养基中自主生长。冠瘿碱的高压纸电泳检测表明毛状根已被 Ri T- DNA转化     

生长调节物质对栝楼毛状根生长和天花粉蛋白合成的影响

添加GA3和CCC虽然影响栝楼毛状根的生物量积累 ,但是有利于促进天花粉蛋白 (TCN)的合成 ,当GA3的添加量为 2mg/L时 ,天花粉蛋白含量增加了 18 9% ,添加 1mg/L～ 2mg/LCCC的天花粉蛋白提高了 2 8%。分别添加维生素B1或B5会延长毛状根的生长迟滞期 ,但是 ,后期的生长非常迅速 ,并可以促进天花粉蛋白的合成。同时添加维生素B1和B5可以缩短生长迟滞期 ,并能促进毛状根的生长 ,同时添加1mg/LB1 4mg/LB5有利于促进天花粉蛋白总量的增加。     

商陆毛状根的诱导、培养及其皂甙的产生

发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）R1601 感染商陆叶片外植体1周后,在其切口处产生毛状根,20d后产生毛状根的外植体比例达70%;毛状根可直接从叶片外植体叶脉处或从叶脉处产生的愈伤组织上产生。毛状根能在无激素的 MS培养基上自主生长,其呼吸速率比对照根提高85.6%。冠瘿碱检测和PCR扩增结果表明,发根农杆菌RiTDNA的冠瘿碱合成酶基因及其Ri质粒的rol 基因均已在商陆毛状根基因组中得到表达。毛状根中总皂甙含量约为自然根的154倍,但其多糖含量则仅为非转化根的70%。     

根癌农杆菌转化栝楼及植株再生

用根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）菌株C58感染栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.）无菌苗诱导冠瘿瘤,获得其冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的MS培养基上良好生长,纸电泳检测结果表明其合成了冠瘿碱,表明Ti质粒转化成功。栝楼冠瘿组织在MS培养基上形成完整植株,移栽后良好生长。     

毛蕊花和粟米草毛状根培养系统的建立(简报)

用发根农杆菌Ａ４、Ｒ１６０１、ＡＴＣＣ１５８３４从毛蕊花和粟米草的无菌子叶中诱导出毛状根,经高压纸电泳鉴定,这两种毛状根中均含有甘露碱,并测定了它们的生长曲线。     

唐古特山莨菪毛状根中东茛菪碱产生的研究

以唐古特山莨菪的无菌苗叶为外植体,通过发根农杆菌诱导获得了唐古特山莨菪的毛状根培养系统,应用PCR方法鉴定了转化毛状根,并应用薄层扫描方法对唐古特山莨菪毛状根生物碱进行了测定,结果表明在液体培养毛状根的培养基中东莨菪碱含量可达10 mg/L,培养物中东莨菪碱的增加与莨菪碱的减少同步.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.