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本文描述了采自中国云南高黎贡山常绿阔叶林下派模蛛科(Pimoidae)派模蛛属(Pimoa)的一个新种—李氏派模蛛(Pimoa lihengae)。从雄蛛和雌蛛外雌器的结构来看,本种相似于产于印度及尼泊尔喜马拉雅山区的派模蛛属蜘蛛。     

恩迪扩腹春蜒stylurus endicotti(Needham)雄性重新描述(春蜓科:春蜒亚科)

笔者等在《中国习见蜻蜒》(1984:48),根据1♂、1♀标本,对Gomphus endicotti Needham作了描述,并有附图表示一些特征。该标本经福建农学院赵修复教授复核,认为种的鉴定无误。赵教授还指出本种雄性标本是首次发现,雌性是本种的第二个标本,并称根据雄性后钩片形状、阳茎末端形状、腹部第7—9节背板扩大和雌性下生殖板形状,本种应移入对stylurus Needham属。本文除列出本种研究的文献目录外,对雄性作重新描述,并附重要特征图。 雄性配模标本藏中国科学院动物研究所。 恩迪扩腹春蜒Stylurus endicotti(Needham)     

中国委陵菜属植物的一种新记载

鸡冠委陵菜是Ｆｌｅｔｃｈｅｒ根据采自缅甸北部的植物发表的。我们在研究委陵菜属植物时发现此种植物在云南西部贡山县高黎贡山东坡也有分布 为中国的新记录。本种植物与狭叶委陵菜和小叶委陵菜相近，但具有较宽而光滑的小叶，仅在小叶的锯齿顶端有一的毛而与上两种相区别。     

瘿蚊科中国一新纪录属种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

报道了瘿蚊科鼓瘿蚊亚科中国1新纪录属,即独瘿蚊属Asynapta Loew,1850及其中国1新纪录种,即戈氏独瘿蚊Asynapta groverae Jiang et Bu,nom nov.(山东:青岛).本种模式产地在印度,原置于Dicerura属,即Dicerura indi-ca Grover,后由定名人转入Cryptoneurus属,本文将其转入Asynapta属,是为新组合;但转入后,本种与Asynapta属中的原有种同名,成为一个次后同名,因此为本种命一新名.文中重新描述并图示该种的特征,补充和修正了原始描述中的不足.     

云南毛茛科新分类群

描述了云南高黎贡山毛茛科银莲花属1新变种,铁线莲属2新种和毛茛属2新种.     

独龙虾脊兰（兰科）的合格发表

通过补充拉丁文描述和指定模式,本文合格发表了独龙虾脊兰Calanthe dulongensis H. Li, R. Li & Z. L. Dao。该种因其唇瓣中裂片上有3个具短柄的金黄色球状附属物而有别于本属的其他类群。本种在体态上与疏花虾脊兰C. henryi Rolfe和车前虾脊兰C. plantaginea Lindl.相近,不同之处在于本种的根状茎明显,花瓣倒卵状披针形 ,中萼片无毛;本种在体态上也与三褶虾脊兰C. triplicata (Willem.) Ames相近,区别在于本种的唇     

明脉喀木虱Cacopsylla hyalinonemae Li&Yang,1989雄性首次描述(半翅目:木虱总科:木虱科)

首次描述了明脉喀木虱Cacopsylla hyalinonemae LiYang的雄性,对雌性进行了详细的重新描述,并给出了本种的主要特征图,背面、侧面以及头部正面的形态照片。标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

台湾沼野蝇雌性首次发现及雄性再描述

第1次描述了采自广东台山汶村的台湾沼野蝇Goniophyto formosensis Townsend雌性,对雄性进行了详细的重新描述,并给出了本种的主要特征图。标奉保存于中山大学生物博物馆。     

瑞丽茜树快速繁殖和离体保存(简报)

对极小种群物种瑞丽茜树Fosbergia shweliensis的组织培养和离体保存技术进行研究。结果表明,以种子苗茎尖和成年植株幼嫩茎段为外植体均能诱导无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基分别为MS+2 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2mg·L-1 NAA+3%蔗糖和MS+3 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+3%蔗糖,增殖率达3~4倍。诱导生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS+1 mg·L-1 IBA+2%蔗糖,生根率100%,移栽成活率90%以上。完整试管苗在培养基1/2MS+3%蔗糖,12~15℃条件下可缓慢生长,继代时间可延长为18~24个月一次,实现了该物种的离体保存。     

高黎贡山齿甲属六新种(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

描述中国云南高黎贡山齿甲属Uloma Latreille 6新种,模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

高黎贡山兰花的多样性

对高黎贡山兰科植物的生物地理学和多样性进行了研究。1.兰科是高黎贡山种子植物中最大的科,包括75属265种。2.高黎贡山兰花起源于新、旧世界的热带和温带, 热带属占60%(45属),温带属占38.67%(29属),包括2个云南特有属。但是,高黎贡山兰科植物与地中海地区和中亚地区的联系十分微弱。3.高黎贡山的兰花以地生兰为主。这里,57.33%(43属)为地生兰,而附生兰和腐生兰仅分别为31属和3属。4.兰花物种的分布区式样表明高黎贡山兰花以温带兰为主 温带兰占总种数的69.43%(184种),包括东亚成分即滇西高黎贡山-东喜马拉雅分布的种和中国西南部特有种,它们是高黎贡山兰花区系的核心。5.高黎贡山兰科的特有现象在于1)具有云南二个特有属蜂腰兰Bulleyia和反唇兰Smithorchis;2)有高黎贡山特有种21个,如泸水兜兰Paphiopedilum markianum,贡山风兰Cymbidium gongshanense,贡山贝母兰Coelogyne gongshanense,热带附生兰——万带兰亚科在高黎贡山没有形成特有种;3)高黎贡山北段的特有种比南段丰富贡山有14种,腾冲仅有4种; 海拔1800～2100 m的梯度带特有种最多(13种);4)高黎贡山有云南特有种10种,其中小花槽舌兰Holcoglossum junceum是一个热带种,因为板块位移而来到了亚热带地域;5)高黎贡山的兰科植物中有19.25%(51种)是中国特有种,它们出现在高黎贡山,分布在云南其他地区和西南的一些省区。高黎贡山特有种,分布到高黎贡山的云南特有种和分布到高黎贡山的中国特有种一共为82种,占高黎贡山兰科总种数的30.91%, 兰科在高黎贡山是一个特有化程度很高的类群。     

云南高黎贡山荨麻科楼梯草属六新种

描述了云南高黎贡山荨麻科楼梯草属6新种：三茎楼梯草、少叶楼梯草、指序楼梯草、片马楼梯草、茨开楼梯草和拟宽叶楼梯草。     

高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉春季食谱及食物营养成分分析

白尾梢虹雉是东喜马拉雅地区特有珍稀雉类,本文运用粪样显微分析方法研究了该种雉类春季的食谱,并对栖息地中部分常见植物进行了营养成分分析,以探讨营养成分对白尾梢虹雉取食偏好的影响。粪检结果表明白尾梢虹雉春季食谱中至少有23种植物种类,从3月到5月食谱结构逐渐变化,体现在植物的叶逐渐取代根成为主要取食部位,这与高山草甸植被的季节相关,因为高黎贡山地区5月初进入雨季后草本植物才大量萌发。植物营养成分中的粗脂肪和钙元素与白尾梢虹雉的取食偏好显著正相关,推测分别与食物的适口性和繁殖期的钙消耗相关。     

高黎贡山北段种子植物区系研究

高黎贡山北段种子植物种类十分丰富,共记载野生种子植物172科,778属,2514种及302变种(亚种),是植物多样性最为丰富的地区之一。区系成分分析表明:1)本区种子植物区系的性质具有鲜明的温带性,并深受热带植物区系的影响,区系地理成分复杂、联系广泛;2)现代种子植物区系是在古南大陆热带亚洲植物区系的基础上,由古南大陆成分及古北大陆成分在漫长的地质历史过程中融合发展而来,许多源于印度-马来、北温带(特别是东亚)的成分在此都产生了较为丰富的特有类群,它们共同演变成今天的植物区系外貌;3)种子植物区系具有明显的水平和垂直替代现象,间断现象也较为显著,主要表现为滇西北-滇东南间断分布或在此线西南侧连续分布;4)种子植物区系的特有现象十分丰富,物种分化强烈,新老兼备,而以新生的进化成分为主,由此表明高黎贡山北段在保存古老成分的同时,又分化出许多新生成分,它是一个孕育新特有现象的重要舞台。     

Altitudinal patterns of seed plant richness in the Gaoligong Mountains, south-east Tibet, China

Elevational patterns of species richness and their underlying mechanisms have long been a controversial issue in biodiversity and biogeographical research, and several hypotheses have been proposed in the past decades. Local and regional studies have suggested that area and geometric constraint are two of major factors affecting the elevational pattern of species richness. In this study, using data of seed plants and their distribution ranges and a Digital Elevation Model data set, we explored altitudinal patterns of seed plant richness and quantified the effects of area and the mid-domain effect (MDE) on the richness patterns in a high mountain area, Gaoligong Mountains (ranging from 215 m to 5791 m a.s.l.) located in south-eastern Tibet, China. The results showed that richness and density (richness/log-transformed area) of seed plants at species, genus, and family levels all showed hump-shaped patterns along the altitudinal gradient. The altitudinal changes in richness of species with three different range sizes (< 500 m, 500–1500 m, and > 1500 m), species of different plant life-forms (trees, shrubs, and herbs), and endemic species further confirmed this finding. Analysis of Generalized Linear Model depicted that although the area of each elevational band was always in high correlation with the species richness, the MDE could explain 84.9%, 33.8%, 83.8%, and 84.5% of the total variation in richness for all species and the three species groups with different range sizes, respectively. This suggests that the MDE significantly influences the patterns of species richness and is likely be stronger for broad-ranged species than for narrow-ranged ones in the Gaoligong Mountains.     

高黎贡山种子植物物种丰富度沿海拔梯度的变化

物种丰富度沿海拔梯度的分布格局成为生物多样性研究的热点。为探讨中尺度区域物种丰富度沿海拔梯度的分布,本文以高黎贡山为研究对象,利用该地区的地方植物志资料,结合通过GIS生成的区域数字高程模型(DEM)数据,分析了该区域全部种子植物和乔木、灌木、草本三种生活型种子植物物种丰富度的垂直分布格局以及物种密度沿海拔梯度的变化特征。结果表明：(1)全部种子植物和不同生活型植物物种丰富度随着海拔的升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,最大值出现在海拔1500—2000m的范围;(2)物种密度与海拔也呈现单峰曲线关系;(3)物种丰富度和物种密度分布格局的形成主要受海拔所反映的水、热状况组合以及物种分布的边界影响。     

中国云南球蛛科灵蛛属两新种

记述了云南高黎贡山球蛛科灵蛛属2新种:长灵蛛Thymoites elongatus Peng,Yin et Hu,sp.nov.和三刺灵蛛Thymoites trisetaceus Peng,Yin et Griswold,sp.nov.。并提供了详细的描述和分布数据。模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院和美国加州科学院。长灵蛛,新种Thymoites elongatus Peng,Yin et Hu,sp.nov.(图1 ~6)正模♂,副模1♀,云南腾冲县界头乡桥头村, 1 652m,2006-05-17 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于湖南师范大学)。副模: 1 ♂,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚,1 952m,2006-05-17 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于美国加州科学院) ;1 ♂,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚,1 952m,2006-05-17 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。新种雌蛛与Thymoites chikuniiYoshida,1988相似,但是有以下几点不同:新种交媾腔位于生殖板中部,远离生殖沟。而Thymoites chikunii的交媾腔则位于生殖沟附近。交媾管也比后者更长,弯曲缠绕更复杂。新种雄蛛与王氏灵蛛Thymoites wangi Zhu,1998类似。但有以下区别:新种插入器很长,几乎围绕整个生殖球边缘,而王氏灵蛛的插入器则相对较短,位于生殖球的中部。新种的贮精管清晰可见,后者的则不明显。词源:雄蛛触肢器具有长的引导器,故名长灵蛛。地理分布:中国云南。三刺灵蛛,新种Thymoites trisetaceus Peng,Yin et Griswold,sp.nov.(图7 ~12)正模♂,副模1♀,云南腾冲县界头乡大塘村大河岭干脚, 1 952m,2006-05-14 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。副模: 2 ♂♂,云南腾冲县新华乡龙井村山清, 1 880m,2006-05-27 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于美国加州科学院) ; 1 ♂,云南腾冲县上阴乡窜龙村,1 990m,2006-06-04 ,尹长民,胡佳芳,杨小华采(保存于湖南师范大学) ;1 ♂,云南腾冲县猴桥乡找笔塘村, 2 510m,2006-05-29 ,彭贤锦,王新平,胡鹏采(保存于湖南师范大学)。新种雌雄蛛都类似于王氏灵蛛Thymoites wangiZhu,1998 ,但有以下不同: 1)新种的外雌器后端无球状隆起,而王氏灵蛛的外雌器后端有球状隆起;2)新种雌蛛的交媾管呈纵向排列,而王氏灵蛛的则呈横向排列; 3)新种的交媾孔接近生殖沟,而后者的则远离生殖沟; 4)新种雄蛛的插入器很短,起始部位于9点的位置,而王氏灵蛛的插入器长,起始部位于3点的位置; 5)新种的插入器基部较小,生殖球腹面突起较少。词源:新种因前中、侧眼间的突起上有3根刺,故名三刺灵蛛。地理分布:中国云南。     

A Comparative Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of the East Side and the West Side of the Northern Gaoligong Mts . in Northwestern Yunnan,China

The differences in rainfall and temperature between the east and west sides of the northern GaoligongMts. leads to distinct differences in the plant diversity and floristic characteristics between the two sides . Recorded taxa on the east side include 1 475 native species and 192 varieties (or subspecies) belonging to 580 genera in 152 families and for the west side include 1 804 native species and 186 varieties ( or subspecies) belonging to 659 genera in 162 families . Based on the statistics and analysis of families, genera, and species, a comparative floristic study on the seed plants for the east side and the west side of the northern Gaoligong Mts. was carried out. The results are as follows: 1) The present flora on the east and west sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts . have the same floristic origins, but the relative contribution from these different sources has changed through time . The result is that the floristic similarity of families, genera, and species between the east side and the west side has decreased through time; 2) The floristic characteristic of seed plants for the west side has become more greatly influenced by tropical floristic elements than has that of the east side, and the influence by the temperate floristic elements has become less influenced on the west side but greater on the east side; 3) The flora of the west side is more closely linked with that of the eastern Himalayans than is the flora of the east side, and the flora of the east side is more closely linked with the other floras farther to the east. Owing to the obstruct of the Gaoligong Mts. ridge itself, it is seemingly difficult for the species interchange between the two sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts. ; 4) The ecological-geographical environment has made it more conducive to species conservation and the speciation on the west side than on the east side, so the west side is not only a refuge for some ancient floristic elements but also as a cradle of some new species.     

中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征

云南高黎贡山具有多样化的生态系统和生物资源。为探清该地区绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)真菌的物种多样性及其不同海拔的垂直分布特征, 沿海拔梯度(600-3,800 m)在7种典型植被类型(I: 干热河谷; II: 季风常绿阔叶林; III: 暖性针叶林; IV: 中山暖性常绿阔叶林; V: 山地苔藓矮林; VI: 寒温性灌丛或草甸; VII: 流石滩稀疏植被)中调查绿僵菌资源。从生境土壤中分离菌株, 通过多基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)系统发育分析进行物种鉴定。结果表明, 高黎贡山绿僵菌物种资源丰富, 获得的161株菌株分属于12个物种(Metarhizium rileyi, M. viridulum, M. lepidiotae, M. brunneum, M. pingshaense, M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. guizhouense, M. indigoticum, M. pemphigi, M. campsosterni和Metacordyceps neogunnii), 其中M. indigoticum为中国新记录种, M. anisopliae complex中的物种(8种)较集中; 同时还采集到了绿僵菌的近缘属Nigelia属物种N. martiale。高黎贡山绿僵菌广泛分布于除类型VII (海拔3,600-3,800 m)外的6种植被类型(海拔600-3,400 m)中。中低海拔植被类型(I-IV)中菌株数量较多(≥23株)、物种多样性较高(4-9种), 而高海拔植被类型(V-VI)中菌株数量较少(2-8株)、物种较单一(1-2种)。中海拔的常绿阔叶林中绿僵菌资源最丰富, 其中季风常绿阔叶林(植被类型II)中的菌株数量(52株, 占总数的32.3%)和物种数(9种)最多; 中山湿性常绿阔叶林(植被类型IV)为其次(47株, 占总数的29.2%; 7种)。高黎贡山绿僵菌优势种现象明显, M. brunneum为最优势物种, 其菌株数占总数的46.6%, 在生境条件差异很大的6种植被类型(I-VI)中都存在, 说明该物种生态适应能力最强。     

Inventory of the carabid beetle fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains,western Yunnan Province,China: species of the tribe Zabrini (Coleoptera,Carabidae)

A ten-year multidisciplinary, multi-national and multi-institutional biodiversity inventory project in the Gaoligong Shan region of western Yunnan Province, China generated more than 35,000 specimens of the beetle (Coleoptera) family Carabidae. In this report, first of a planned series, we focus on diversity in tribe Zabrini. Our study of just over 1300 specimens of zabrine carabids from the project, all in genus Amara Bonelli, found a total of 13 species, all previously described, to occur in the study area, with none of them strictly endemic. We present a key for identification of adults of these species, as well as nomenclatural data, diagnoses, illustrations of dorsal habitus and male genitalia, and information about geographical, altitudinal and habitat distributions within the study area and overall geographical distribution for each species. Distributions of the species within the study area are compared, and broader geographical range patterns are characterized. We also discuss a possible role of the Gaoligong Shan region as one source area for the present-day fauna of the Himalaya and southern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau.